I-Motoro stingray noma i-ocellate stingray (i-Latin Potamotrygon motoro, i-English Motoro stingray, i-ocellate river stingray) iyindawo edume kakhulu futhi ethandwa kakhulu yasemanzini ayi-aquarium stingray. Le yinhlanzi enkulu, ethakazelisayo futhi engajwayelekile, kepha hhayi wonke umthandi we-aquarium ongayigcina.
Ukuphila emvelweni
Lezi zinhlobo zisakazeke kakhulu eNingizimu Melika. Itholakala eColombia, ePeru, eBolivia, eBrazil, eParaguay nase-Argentina. Inezindawo zokuhlala i-Amazon kanye nemithamo yayo: I-Orinoco, iRio Branco, iParana, iParaguay.
Njengezinye izinhlobo, itholakala kuma-biotopes ahlukahlukene. Lokhu ikakhulukazi kungamabhishi esihlabathi emifula emikhulu nemifudlana yayo, lapho i-substrate iqukethe udaka nesihlabathi. Ngesikhathi semvula, bathuthela emahlathini agcwele amanzi, futhi ngenkathi eyomile baye emachibini akhiwe.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngaphandle kokuthandwa kwe-motoro stingray endaweni yokuzilibazisa ye-aquarium, akusekho ukuhlukaniswa okunembile ngokwanele kwabamele lo mndeni. Ngezikhathi ezithile, kutholakala izinhlobo ezintsha ezingachazwanga ngaphambili.
Incazelo
Ama-stingray ahlobene noshaka nemisebe ye-sawnose, amathambo awo ahlukile emathanjeni ezinhlanzi ezijwayelekile, ngoba awanamathambo futhi inezicubu zomzimba ezishubile ngokuphelele.
Igama lesayensi lalesi silwane yi-stingray e-ocellated futhi kulandela kuso ukuthi i-stingray ingaletha imijovo. Ngempela, kunameva onoshevu emsileni we-stingray (empeleni, kwake kwaba yisikali). Ngaleliva, i-stingray iyazivikela, futhi lo shevu ukhiqizwa yizinhlayiya ezisezansi kwameva.
Ngokuphikisana nenkolelo evamile, ama-stingray awahlaseli abantu ngokushaya ameva abo. Kufanele unyathele okukodwa noma uphazamise kanzima omunye wabo ukuze atinyelwe. Ngezikhathi ezithile, i-spike iyawa (njalo ezinyangeni eziyi-6-12) futhi ingatholakala ilele ngaphansi kwe-aquarium. Lokhu kujwayelekile futhi akufanele kukusabise.
Esinye isici semisebe yamanzi angenasawoti yi-ampoule yaseLorenzini. Lezi yiziteshi zamashubhu ezikhethekile ezisenhloko yenhlanzi (ezungeze amehlo namakhala). Ngosizo lwabo, izinhlanzi ezinesigaxa sithatha izinkambu zikagesi futhi zisiza izinhlanzi lapho ziqondisa umugqa kazibuthe womhlaba.
Ngokwemvelo, i-motoro stingray ifinyelela ku-50 cm ububanzi, kuze kufike kumitha elilodwa ubude, futhi inesisindo esifinyelela kuma-35 kg. Lapho igcinwa ku-aquarium, incane ngokwemvelo.
Idiski yayo icishe ibe yisiyingi ngokuma, futhi amehlo ayo aphakanyiswe ngaphezu kobuso bangemuva. Ingemuva kuvame ukuba yi-beige noma nsundu, enamabala amaningi aphuzi-o-orenji anamasongo amnyama. Umbala weBelly umhlophe.
Umbala, kanye nendawo nosayizi wamabala, kungahluka kakhulu kuye ngomuntu ngamunye. E-Amazon, izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zombala zikhonjwe, kepha ngayinye ifaka ama-subtypes amaningi.
Ukuxakaniseka kokuqukethwe
P. motoro ungelinye lamalungu athandwa kakhulu ohlobo phakathi kwama-aquarists. Abantu abaningi bayamangala ukuthola ukuthi amanye ama-stingray ahlala emanzini ahlanzekile.
Imisebe yamanzi angenasawoti ihlakaniphile kakhulu futhi ixhumana kahle nabantu. Bangakwazi nokufundiswa ukuphakela ngesandla. Noma kunjalo, akuzona ezabo bonke abantu. Badinga ama-aquariums amakhulu, izimo ezifanele kanye nokudla okukhethekile.
Kepha kulabo abazimisele ukufaka umzamo, bahlukile ngokweqiniso, ngokushesha baba yisilwane abasithandayo. Esikhathini esedlule, ama-stingray amaningi athengiswayo abanjwa endle, okusho ukuthi avame ukuba nengcindezi futhi avame ukuthwala izimuncagazi nezinye izifo. Ama-stingray amaningi athengiswa namuhla afuyelwa ekuthunjweni.
Lezi zinhlanzi ziyingozi. Abantu abaningi bomdabu emazweni lapho betholakala khona besaba kakhulu ama-stingray kunezinye izinhlobo ezisongela impilo ezifana nama-piranhas. Isibonelo, eColombia, amacala angaphezu kuka-2 000 okulimala kanye nokufa ngengozi kusuka ekuhlaselweni yi-stingray kuqoshwa minyaka yonke.
Umgogodla utholakala phezulu komphetho we-caudal, lapho ubonakala khona ngokusobala. Imbozwe ngegobolondo elincanyana elingaphandle, elisebenza ukuvikela i-stingray uqobo kwizindlala zayo ezinobuthi.
Ebusweni bayo bangaphakathi be-spike kukhona uchungechunge lokuqagela okubheke emuva. Zisiza ukwephula igobolondo lapho i-stingray izama ukusebenzisa ubulwane bayo, iphinde ikhulise noma isiphi isilonda esilelayo. Ukuqondiswa emuva kubuye kuvumele ukuthi basebenze njengehhuku lokudoba, okwenza ukususwa kube nzima.
Ngenkathi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zobuhlungu zingahluka kubuthi, ngokuvamile ziyefana ekubunjweni. Ubuthi bususelwa emaprotheni futhi buqukethe i-cocktail yamakhemikhali aklanyelwe ukudala ubuhlungu obukhulu kanye nokuwohloka kwezicubu okusheshayo (necrosis).
Uma uhlaselwa yi-stingray, lindela ubuhlungu bendawo obuhlungu, ikhanda, isicanucanu, nohudo. Udokotela kufanele aboniswe noma ngabe izimpawu zibonakala zimnene kangakanani.
Akusho ukuthi ukunakekelwa okukhulu kufanele kuthathwe lapho kugcinwa imisebe. Kodwa-ke, ingozi incane uma kunenhlonipho.
Imvamisa lezi akuzona izinhlanzi ezinolaka, zisebenzisa udosi lwazo njengendlela yokuzivikela. Eqinisweni, bavame ukuba bathambe ngokuphelele, bafunde ukubona inkosi yabo bese bekhuphukela phezulu bayocela ukudla.
Ukulimala okuningi kwenzeka lapho abanikazi bobudedengu bezama ukufuya izinhlanzi zabo noma ukuzibamba ngenetha. Inetha lokufika akufanele lisetshenziswe, sebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwesitsha esiqinile esikhundleni salokho.
Ukugcina ku-aquarium
Imisebe yamanzi angenasawoti izwela kakhulu kuma-ammonia, ama-nitrites nama-nitrate emanzini, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi uyini umjikelezo we-nitrogen futhi ugcine amanzi acwebezelayo. Leli ibhizinisi elikhohlisayo, njengoba ama-stingray ekhiqiza inani elikhulu le-ammonia. Ama-aquariums amakhulu, ukuhlunga okusebenzayo kwebhayoloji nokushintsha kwamanzi njalo kuyindlela kuphela yokugcina umuthi ofanele.
Imisebe eminingi yamanzi angenasawoti ingagcinwa ku-pH ka-6.8 kuye ku-7.6, i-alkalinity ka-1 ° kuye ku-4 ° (18 kuye ku-70 ppm), kanye nokushisa okungu-24 kuye ku-26 ° C. Izinga le-ammonia ne-nitrite kufanele lihlale lingama-zero nama-nitrate angaphansi kwe-10 ppm.
Uma kukhulunywa ngosayizi olungile we-aquarium yemisebe yamanzi angenasawoti, iba nkulu kangcono. Ukuphakama kwengilazi akubalulekile, kepha ubude obusuka ku-180 kuye ku-220 cm nobubanzi obusuka ku-60 kuye ku-90 cm bungase bufanele kakade ukugcinwa isikhathi eside.
I-aquarium enamalitha angama-350 kuye kwangama-500 ingasetshenziselwa ukugcina intsha ye-motoro stingray, kepha ekugcineni kwabantu abadala isikhathi eside, kudingeka okungenani amalitha ayi-1000.
Inhlabathi ingaba isihlabathi esihle. Ukukhethwa kwe-substrate ikakhulu kuyindaba yokuzikhethela komuntu. Abanye abazilibazisa basebenzisa isihlabathi somfula, okuyindlela enhle, ikakhulukazi intsha. Abanye basebenzisa amatshe ajwayelekile we-aquarium yemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene. Inketho yesithathu ukumane ushiye ngokuphelele i-substrate. Lokhu kwenza ukugcina i-aquarium kube lula, kepha kuyenza ibe nokhahlo futhi ingabi ngokwemvelo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-stingray athanda ukungcwaba esihlabathini ngaphansi kwengcindezi futhi athanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinesihlabathi noma ezinodaka emvelweni. Ngakho-ke, ukubancisha ithuba lokuthi bangakhoseliswa kubonakala kunesihluku.
Umhlobiso, uma usetshenzisiwe, kufanele ubushelelezi futhi ungabi namiphetho ebukhali. Uma kukhulunywa ngokuqinile, ukuhlobisa akudingeki ngempela ku-stingray aquarium. Kodwa-ke, ungangeza ezinye izinkuni ezinkulu, amahlumela, noma amatshe abushelelezi uma uthanda. Shiya phansi kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ama-stingray abhukude ukuze akwazi ukunyakaza futhi agobhoze esihlabathini.
Ama-heater kufanele avikelwe eduze kwawo noma abekwe ngaphandle kwe-aquarium ukuze imisebe yakho ingashisi kuwo. Ukukhanyisa kufanele kube kufiphele futhi kusebenze kumjikelezo wamahora ayi-12 ngosuku / ebusuku.
Izitshalo ezidinga ukhula lwangaphakathi ku-substrate zizodliwa, kepha ungazama izinhlobo zezinto ezinganamathiselwa ezintweni zokuhlobisa ezifana neJavanese fern noma i-Anubias spp. Kepha ngisho bangase bangakwazi ukumelana nokunaka kwemisebe.
Ukondla
Ama-stingray angama-freshwater adla kakhulu izinhlanzi nama-crustaceans asendle. Ziyizinhlanzi ezisebenzayo ezinesilinganiso esiphakeme semethamo ngakho-ke zidinga ukondliwa okungenani kabili ngosuku.
Futhi badume ngokuba ngamadla-kudla, futhi ukudla kuzokubiza kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, kudliwa ukudla okusekelwe ezilwaneni kuphela, noma ngabe abanye bangakwamukela nokudla okungelona olwakho.
Abasakhulayo badla imisundu yegazi ebukhoma noma efriziwe, i-tubifex, i-brine shrimp, inyama yezimfanzi nokunye okunjalo. Abantu abadala kufanele bondliwe ukudla okukhudlwana okufana nezimbaza eziphelele, izimbaza, imfanzi, iskwidi, gazinga (noma ezinye izinhlanzi ezintsha), nemisundu.
Ukudla okuhlukahlukene kubalulekile ukugcina izinhlanzi zisesimweni esiphezulu. Ngemuva kokuthenga, bahlala benqena ukudla futhi bavame ukufika besesimweni esingesihle neze. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi baqale ukudla ngokushesha okukhulu ngenxa yemetabolism yabo esheshayo. Izikelemu zegazi noma izikelemu zomhlaba (lezi zokugcina zingasikwa zibe yizicucu ezincane) ngokuvamile zibhekwa njengokuphakelwa okuhle kakhulu kokulungisa imisebe esanda kuyithola.
Ama-stingray akufanele adle inyama yesilwane esincelisayo njengenhliziyo yenkomo noma inkukhu. Amanye ama-lipids akule nyama akakwazi ukumuncwa kahle yizinhlanzi futhi angadala ukugcwala kwamafutha amaningi ngisho nokufa komzimba. Ngokunjalo, kunenzuzo encane yokusebenzisa izinhlanzi ezidliwayo njenge-guppies noma imisila emincane yeveli. Ukondla okunjalo akubeki eceleni ukusabalala kwezifo noma izimuncagazi.
Ukuhambisana
Ama-stingray asebenzisa isikhathi sabo esiningi ezansi. Amehlo abo kanye nokuvuleka kwe-gill kusendaweni ephezulu, okubavumela ukuthi bahlale bengcwatshwe esihlabathini ngenkathi belinde ukudla. Banamehlo abukhali futhi bagxuma baphume esihlabathini ukuze babambe inyamazane yabo.
Amanye ama-stingray azoba omakhelwane abahamba phambili bama-motoro stingray, yize ama-severums, i-geophagus, i-metinnis, i-arowans ne-polypters nawo ehlangana kahle.
Ama-stingray aphakathi kwezilwane ezidla kakhulu emvelweni ezihlala kuyo emvelweni futhi aziphephile ukugcina nezinye izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Izinhlanzi kufanele zibe zinkulu ngokwanele ukuthi zingadliwa yimisebe, kepha zibe nokuthula ngokwanele ukuthi zingalumi noma zintshontshe ukudla kwazo.
Izinhlanzi zamanzi eziphakathi nendawo eziphakeme zikulungele kakhulu lokhu. Gwema i-armored catfish (i-plecostomus, i-pterygoplicht, i-panaki), ngoba kunamacala amaningi abhaliwe alezi zinhlanzi ezinamathisela futhi zilimaza isikhumba semisebe.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa futhi banamakhosikazi amabili, okusho ukuthi bangaba nodoti bamazinyane avela emadodeni amabili ahlukene ngasikhathi sinye. Abesilisa bashintshe amaphiko abawasebenzisela ukuvundisa abesifazane.
Ukuzala
Ama-hobbyist amaningi akwazile ukuzala ama-stingray asemanzini ahlanzekile, kepha kuthatha isikhathi, i-aquarium enkulu nokuzinikela. Ama-stingray ama-ocellated akhiqiza kabusha nge-ovoviviparity.
Izinsikazi zithwala abantu abathathu kuya kwabangu-21, abazalwa bezimele ngokuphelele. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha amasonto ayi-9 kuya kwayi-12. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lesi sikhathi sifushane kakhulu kuma-stingray akhishwe emanzini, mhlawumbe ngenxa yenala yokudla abakutholayo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlanzi zasendle.
Ama-stingray angakhetha lapho kuziwa ekukhetheni umlingani. Ukuthenga izinhlayiya ezimbili bese uzitshala ndawonye akuqinisekisi ukuhlangana ngempumelelo.
Indlela ekahle yokuthola umbhangqwana ukuthenga iqembu lamafry, uwafake emanzini amakhulu futhi ubavumele bakhethe abalingani babo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungaphezu kwezindlela zezimfundamakhwela eziningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungathatha iminyaka eminingana ukuthi imisebe ikhule ngocansi.
Kumele kuqashelwe nokuthi abesilisa balolu hlobo baphakathi kobudlova obukhulu lapho behlangana ukuze bazale, kanti nabesifazane kungenzeka ukuthi abakulungeli. Uma ugcina umbhangqwana noma iqembu, bhekisisa lokhu kuziphatha futhi ulungele ukuhlukanisa uma kunesidingo.
