I-sun perch (Latin Lepomis gibbosus, English pumpkinseed) iyinhlanzi yaseNyakatho Melika yomndeni we-sunfish (Centrarchidae). Ngeshwa, endaweni ye-CIS yangaphambili, azivamile futhi kuphela njengezinto zokudoba. Kepha lena ingenye yezinhlanzi ezigqame kakhulu emanzini angenasawoti.
Ukuphila emvelweni
Kunezinhlobo ezingama-30-35 zamanzi ahlanzekile ze-sun grouper (umndeni i-Centrarchidae) emhlabeni, ezitholakala eCanada, e-United States nase-Central America.
Ububanzi bemvelo be-Sunfish eNyakatho Melika buqala eNew Brunswick phansi ogwini olusempumalanga kuya eSouth Carolina. Ibe isingena ngaphakathi iye maphakathi neNyakatho Melika futhi idlulele e-Iowa iphinde ibuyele ePennsylvania.
Atholakala ikakhulu enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-United States futhi ngokungajwayelekile esifundeni esiseningizimu emaphakathi noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga yezwekazi. Kodwa-ke, le nhlanzi yaziswa iningi leNyakatho Melika. Manje zingatholakala zisuka eWashington nase-Oregon ogwini lwePacific ziye eGeorgia ogwini lwase-Atlantic.
EYurophu, kubhekwa njengezinhlobo ezihlaselayo, njengoba zisusa ngokushesha izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zomdabu lapho zingena ezimeni ezifanele. Abantu babikwe eHungary, eRussia, eSwitzerland, eMorocco, eGuatemala nakwamanye amazwe.
Imvamisa zihlala emachibini afudumele, azolile, amachibi nemifudlana, imifula emincane enezimila eziningi. Zikhetha amanzi ahlanzekile nezindawo lapho zingathola khona indawo yokukhosela. Zihlala zisondele ogwini futhi zitholakala ngobuningi ezindaweni ezingashoni. Tidla kuwo onkhe emazinga emanti kusuka ngetulu kuya phansi, kakhulu emini.
I-Sunfish ivame ukuhlala emihlambini, engafaka nezinye izinhlobo ezihlobene nayo.
Amaqembu ezinhlanzi ezincane ahlala ngasogwini, kepha abadala, njengomthetho, bahamba ngamaqembu amabili noma amane ezindaweni ezijulile. I-Perch iyasebenza usuku lonke, kepha phumula ebusuku duzane naphansi noma ezindaweni ezivikelekile eziseduze neziqubu.
Into yokudoba
I-Sunfish ijwayele ukukhipha imbungu futhi kulula ukuyibamba ngenkathi idoba. Abadobi abaningi babheka izinhlanzi njengenhlanzi kadoti ngoba iluma kalula futhi kaningi lapho umthungi ezama ukubamba enye into.
Njengoba izinqolobane zihlala emanzini angajulile futhi zondla usuku lonke, kulula ukudoba izinhlanzi ezisogwini. Babamba ngisho nesithiyelo esikhulu kunazo zonke - kufaka phakathi izikelemu zensimu, izinambuzane, izingwe noma izingcezu zenhlanzi.
Kodwa-ke, i-sunfish ithandwa kakhulu ngabadobi abasebasha ngenxa yokuzimisela kwabo ukubamba, ubuningi babo nokusondela kwabo ogwini.
Yize abantu bethola inhlanzi ukunambitha kahle, ayithandwa ngenxa yobuncane bayo. Inyama yayo ayinamafutha amaningi futhi inamaprotheni amaningi.
Incazelo
Inhlanzi eyisiyingi enesizinda esinsundu segolide esinezimagqabhagqabha eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noluhlaza okombala iphikisana nanoma yiziphi izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezishisayo zasebuhleni.
Iphethini enamabala ingena emigqeni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nxazonke ekhanda, kanti i-operculum inomphetho obomvu ogqamile. Amachashazi e-orenji angamboza amaphiko okugcoba, okukhipha izindunu, nawokuphefumula, kuthi i-gill imboze imigqa eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuwo.
Abesilisa bavutha bhe (futhi baba nolaka!) Ngesikhathi sokuzala.
I-Sunfish ivame ukuba cishe nge-10cm ubude kepha ingakhula ize ifinyelele ku-28cm.Isisindo esingaphansi kwama-gramu angama-450 kanti irekhodi lomhlaba lingama-680 gram. Inhlanzi erekhodiwe yabanjwa nguRobert Warne ngenkathi edoba eLake Honoai, eNew York.
ISunfish iphila iminyaka efika kwengu-12 ekuthunjweni, kepha ngokwemvelo iningi lazo aliphili iminyaka engaphezu kweyisithupha kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili.
Inhlanzi isungule indlela ekhethekile yokuzivikela. Emaphethelweni ayo omgogodla, kunezinhlayiya eziyishumi kuya kweziyi-11, kuthi ngasesiphethweni sendunu kube nezinye izihlakala ezintathu. Lezi zinhlayiya zibukhali kakhulu futhi zisiza izinhlanzi ukuthi zizivikele ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, zinomlomo omncane onemihlathi ephezulu ephela ngaphansi nje kweso. Kepha ezifundeni eziseningizimu kakhulu zohlobo lwazo, i-sunfish ikhiqize umlomo omkhudlwana nemisipha yomhlathi emikhulu ngokungajwayelekile.
Iqiniso ngukuthi kukhona ukudla kwabo ama-crustaceans amancane nama-molluscs. Ububanzi obukhudlwana bokulunywa kanye nemisipha yomhlathi eqinisiwe ivumela ipeki ukuthi liqhekeze livule igobolondo lempango yalo ukuze lifinyelele enyameni ethambile ngaphakathi.
Ukugcina ku-aquarium
Ngeshwa, alukho ulwazi olunokwethenjelwa kokuqukethwe kwe-perch yelanga ku-aquarium. Isizathu silula, njengezinye izinhlanzi zasendaweni, ngisho nabantu baseMelika ngokwabo abavamile ukuyigcina ezindaweni zasemanzini.
Kukhona abantu abathanda ukugcina ngempumelelo kuma-aquariums, kepha abayitsheli ngemininingwane. Kuphephile ukusho ukuthi inhlanzi ayithobekile, njengazo zonke izinhlobo zasendle.
Futhi idinga amanzi ahlanzekile, ngoba ezimweni ezinjalo ihlala emvelweni.
Ukondla
Ngokwemvelo, zondla ngokudla okuncane okuhlukahlukene ebusweni bamanzi nangaphansi. Phakathi kwezintandokazi zabo kukhona izinambuzane, izibungu zomiyane, ama-molluscs amancane nama-crustaceans, izibungu, gazinga ngisho nezinye izingqimba ezincane.
Ziyaziwa ukuthi zondla ama-crayfish amancane futhi kwesinye isikhathi izingcezu ezincane zohlaza, kanye namaxoxo amancane noma onoshobishobi.
I-Sunfish ehlala emzimbeni wamanzi ane-gastropods emikhulu inemilomo emikhulu nemisipha ehambisanayo yokwephula amagobolondo ama-gastropods amakhulu
Zidla futhi e-aquarium futhi zithanda ukondla izinambuzane, izikelemu nezinhlanzi ezincane.
AbaseMelika babhala ukuthi abantu abasanda kubanjwa banganqaba ukudla abangajwayele, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi bangaqeqeshwa ukuthi badle imfanzi, ama-bloodworms afriziwe, i-krill, i-cichlid pellets, okusanhlamvu nokunye ukudla okufanayo.
Ukuhambisana
Bayizinhlanzi ezikhuthele kakhulu futhi ezinesifiso sokubuka izinto, futhi banaka konke okwenzekayo ezungeze i-aquarium yabo. Kodwa-ke, iyisilwane esidla ezinye futhi kungenzeka ukugcina i-perch yelanga kuphela ngezinhlanzi ezilinganayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abadala baba nolaka komunye nomunye futhi bagcinwa kangcono ngababili.
Abesilisa bangase bahlabe insikazi ngesikhathi sokuzala futhi kufanele bahlukaniswe nabesifazane ngesihlukanisi kuze kube yilapho isilungele ukuzala.
Ukuzala
Lapho nje izinga lokushisa kwamanzi lifinyelela ku-13-17 ° C ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo, abesilisa bazoqala ukwakha izidleke. Izindawo zokwakha izidleke zivame ukutholakala emanzini angajulile embhedeni wechibi oyisihlabathi noma owubhuqu.
Eziduna zisebenzisa amaphiko azo okugwedla ukushanela izimbobo ezi-oval ezingajulile eziphindwe kabili kubude bendoda uqobo lwayo. Basusa udoti namatshe amakhulu ezidlekeni zabo ngosizo lwemilomo yabo.
Izidleke zitholakala emakoloni. Abesilisa banamandla futhi banolaka futhi bavikela izidleke zabo. Lokhu kuziphatha okunolaka kwenza ukuzalanisa emanzini kube nzima.
Abesifazane bafika ngemuva kokuphothulwa kokwakhiwa kwesidleke. Abesifazane bangazala esidlekeni esingaphezu kwesisodwa, kanti abesifazane abahlukene bangasebenzisa isidleke esifanayo.
Abesifazane bayakwazi ukukhiqiza amaqanda aphakathi kuka-1 500 no-1,700, kuya ngosayizi nobudala bawo.
Uma esekhishiwe, amaqanda anamathela kugravel, esihlabathini, noma kwenye imfucumfucu esidlekeni. Abesifazane bashiya isidleke ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzala, kodwa abesilisa bahlala futhi bagade inzalo yabo.
Eyesilisa iyazivikela cishe izinsuku zokuqala eziyi-11 kuya kweziyi-14, ibuyisela gazinga esidlekeni esisemlonyeni uma ifiphalaza.
Amafry ahlala emanzini aseduze noma aseduze futhi akhula afike kuma-5 cm ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila.Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kuvame ukufinyelelwa eminyakeni emibili ubudala.
