I-Arctic Ocean incane kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Indawo yakhona ingamakhilomitha-skwele ayizigidi eziyi-14 "kuphela". Itholakala eNyakatho Nenkabazwe futhi ayifudumali kuze kufike eqophelweni leqhwa. Isembozo seqhwa ngezikhathi ezithile siqala ukuhamba, kepha asinyamalali. Izimbali nezilwane lapha, ngokuvamile, azihlukile kakhulu. Inani elikhulu lezinhlobo zezinhlanzi, izinyoni nezinye izinto eziphilayo libonwa kuphela ezifundeni ezithile.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Ocean
Ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibi, ulwandle i-Arctic belungafinyeleleki kubantu emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka. Ukuhlelwa kuhlelwe lapha, kepha ubuchwepheshe abuvumanga ukuyivumelanisa nokuhambisa noma eminye imisebenzi.
Ukushiwo kokuqala kwalolu lwandle kwasukela ekhulwini lesi-5 BC. Uhambo oluningi nososayensi ngabodwa babambe iqhaza esifundweni sezindawo, okwathi emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka zafunda ukwakheka kwedamu, izingxenyana, ulwandle, iziqhingi, njll.
Imizamo yokuqala yokuhamba ezindaweni zolwandle ngaphandle kweqhwa laphakade yenziwa emuva kuka-1600. Eziningi zazo zaphelela ekuphahlazekeni ngenxa yokuminyana kwemikhumbi enezintaba zeqhwa ezinamathani amaningi. Konke kwashintsha ngokusungulwa kwemikhumbi ephihliza iqhwa. Umkhumbi ophihliza iqhwa wokuqala wakhiwa eRussia futhi wabizwa ngePayot. Kwakuyi-steamer enomumo okhethekile womnsalo, okwakwenza ukuthi kuphuke iqhwa ngenxa yobuningi bomkhumbi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwemikhumbi ephihliza iqhwa kwenza kwaba lula ukuqala kwemisebenzi yokuthumela izinto olwandle i-Arctic Ocean, imizila ehamba phambili yezokuthutha nokwakha lonke uhlu lwezinsongo ohlelweni lwendawo lwendawo.
Udoti kanye nokungcola kwamakhemikhali
Ukufika okukhulu kwabantu ogwini naseqhweni lolwandle kwaholela ekwakhiweni kokulahlwa komhlaba. Ngaphezu kwezindawo ezithile ezisemaphandleni, udoti umane uphonswe eqhweni. Imbozwe yiqhwa, iqhwa bese ihlala eqhweni ingunaphakade.
Iphuzu elihlukile ekungcolisweni kolwandle yizinhlobo zamakhemikhali ezavela lapha ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu. Okokuqala, indle. Minyaka yonke, cishe amamiliyoni ama-cubic metres wamanzi angalashwa athelwa olwandle kusuka ezikhungweni ezahlukahlukene zamasosha nezomphakathi, amadolobhana neziteshi.
Isikhathi eside, amagquma angathuthukisiwe, kanye neziqhingi eziningi zoLwandle i-Arctic, zasetshenziselwa ukulahla imfucuza ehlukahlukene yamakhemikhali. Ngakho-ke, lapha ungathola izigubhu ezinamafutha asetshenzisiwe enjini, uphethiloli nokunye okuqukethwe okuyingozi. OLwandle lwaseKara, iziqukathi ezinemfucumfucu enemisebe ye-radioactive zigcwala amanzi, zisongela yonke impilo ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angamakhulu ambalwa.
Umsebenzi wezomnotho
Umsebenzi wobudlova futhi owanda njalo womuntu ukuhlomisa imizila yezokuthutha, izisekelo zamasosha, amapulatifomu ezimayini e-Arctic Ocean kuholela ekuncibilikeni kweqhwa nasekushintsheni kombuso wamazinga okushisa esifundeni. Njengoba leli chibi linomthelela omkhulu esimweni sezulu jikelele seplanethi, imiphumela ingaba mibi kakhulu.
Ukuhlukaniswa kweqhwa elidala, umsindo ovela emikhunjini nezinye izinto ze-anthropogenic kuholela ekuwohlokeni kwezimo zokuphila kanye nokwehla kwenani lezilwane zasendaweni zakudala - amabhere we-polar, izimpawu, njll.
Njengamanje, ngaphakathi kohlaka lokongiwa koLwandle i-Arctic, i-International Arctic Council kanye neQhinga Lokuvikelwa Kwezemvelo Yase-Arctic, ezamukelwe izifundazwe eziyisishiyagalombili ezinemingcele nolwandle, ziyasebenza. Lo mbhalo wamukelwa ukukhawulela umthwalo we-anthropogenic echibini nokunciphisa imiphumela yawo ezilwaneni zasendle.