Kucatshangelwa enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ufudu lwe-leatherback. Lesi sidalwa singese-oda lama-tortoiseshells, isigaba sezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Lo mmeleli we-tortoiseshell akanazo izihlobo kuhlobo lohlobo.
Ufudu olukhulu lwe-leatherback onjalo. Kukhona izihlobo zakhe ezivela ezifudu zasolwandle, ezifana naye, kodwa lokhu kufana kuncane, okuqhubeka kugcizelela ubungqayizivele bale ndalo yemvelo.
Ngokubukeka ufudu lwasolwandle isidalwa esithandekayo nesithandekayo. Ekuqaleni, kungabonakala kungenangozi. Lokhu kuhlala ngqo kuze kube yilapho umlomo uvuleka.
Kulokhu, isithombe esesabekayo sivuleka esweni - umlomo oqukethe ngaphezu kolayini owodwa wamazinyo abukhali afana nensingo. Akuzona zonke izilwane ezidlayo ezinombukwane onjalo. Amazinyo e-Stalactite amboza ngokuphelele umlomo wakhe, umqala namathumbu.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Ufudu olukhulu kunalo lonke emhlabeni luyesabeka ngobukhulu balo obukhulu. Igobolondo lalo lingaphezu kwamamitha amabili ubude. Lesi simangaliso semvelo sinesisindo esingaba ngu-600 kg.
Ezingxenyeni zangaphambili zofudu, uzipho alukho nhlobo. Usayizi wamaphiko ufinyelela kumamitha amathathu. I-carapace emise okwenhliziyo igcwele imihosha. Ngemuva ziyi-7, esiswini 5. Ikhanda lofudu lukhulu. Ufudu aludonsi ngaphansi kwegobolondo, njengoba kwenza cishe kuzo zonke ezinye izimfudu.
I-cornea engenhla komhlathi ihlotshiswe ezinhlangothini zombili ngamazinyo amabili amakhulu. I-carapace ipendwe ngamathoni amnyama anombala onsundu noma onsundu. Amakhamu atholakala emzimbeni wofudu nasenqenqemeni lwamaphiko aphuzi.
Kunomehluko othile phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane balezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo. I-carapace yabesilisa inciphise kakhulu ngasemuva, futhi banomsila omude kancane. Izimfudu ezisanda kuzalwa zimbozwe amapuleti anyamalala ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa empilo yawo. Intsha yonke imbozwe ngamabala aphuzi.
Kuzo zonke izilwane ezihuquzelayo, izimfudu ze-leatherback zisendaweni yesithathu emhlabeni ngokwamapharamitha. Ngaphandle kokubukeka kwawo okwesabekayo, lezi zimfudu ziyizidalwa ezinhle impela, zidla kakhulu i-jellyfish.
Ufudu lufinyelela lolu sayizi ngenxa yokudla kwalo okukhulu. Udla inani elikhulu lokudla nsuku zonke, okuhumusha kube ngama-calories amangalisayo, okudlula izinga lokusinda izikhathi ezingama-6-7.
Ufudu lubizwa ngokuhlukile omkhulu. Igobolondo lakhe alisizi nje kuphela ukuthi isirhubuluzi sihambe ezindaweni zamanzi ngaphandle kwezinkinga, kodwa futhi sisebenza njengezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuzivikela. Namuhla akusona esisodwa sezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezinkulu kunazo zonke, kungesona esinzima kunazo zonke. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nezimfudu ezinesisindo esingaphezu kwethani.
Ufudu lusebenzisa zonke izitho ezine ukunyakaza emanzini. Kepha imisebenzi yazo ihlukile kwesirhubuluzi. Izingaphambili zisebenza njengenjini enkulu yalesi sidalwa esinamandla.
Ngosizo lwemilenze yangemuva, ufudu lulawula ukuhamba kwalo. Ufudu lwe-leatherback luhle kakhulu ekutsheni. Lapho esongelwa ngengozi yezitha ezingaba khona, ufudu lungadonsela ekujuleni kwe-1 km.
Emanzini, naphezu kobukhulu bawo obumangalisayo, izimfudu ze-leatherback zihamba ngokushelela nangomusa. Yini okungashiwo ngokuhamba kwakhe emhlabeni, lapho kuhamba kancane futhi kubi. Ufudu lwe-leatherback luthanda ukuhlala lodwa. Lesi akusona isidalwa somhlambi. Ukuthola lezi zidalwa eziyimfihlo akuyona into elula.
Kunezikhathi lapho, ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obumangazayo, kunzima ukuthi ufudu lubuyele emuva esitheni salo esingaba khona. Bese kuthi isilwane esinwabuzelayo singene empini. Izitho zangaphambili nemihlathi eqinile kuyasetshenziswa, okungaluma esihlahleni esikhulu.
Ezimfudu ezindala kwamukeleka kakhulu ukuba semanzini avulekile, bazalelwa le mpilo. Izimfudu zingabathandi bokuhamba abakhulu. Bangakwazi ukumboza amabanga amade angenangqondo, cishe amakhilomitha angama-20 000.
Ngesikhathi sasemini, lesi silwanyane siyathanda ukuba semanzini ajulile, kepha ebusuku siyabonakala phezulu. Lokhu kuziphatha kuncike kakhulu ekuziphatheni kwe-jellyfish - umthombo oyinhloko wamandla ezinwabuzelayo.
Umzimba walesi sidalwa esimangalisayo usesimweni sokushisa esingaguquguquki, esingaguquki. Le ndawo kungenzeka kuphela ngenxa yokudla okunomsoco.
Lesi silwane esihuquzelayo sithathwa njengesilwane esirhubuluzayo esisheshayo endaweni yonke. Ingafinyelela isivinini cishe esingu-35 km / h. Irekhodi elinjalo lifakwe eGuinness Book of Records. Izimfudu ezindala ze-leatherback zinamandla amakhulu. Ufudu lwe-leatherback lusebenza amahora angama-24 ngosuku.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Indawo yokuhlala yofudu olubuyela emuva olwandle i-Atlantic, Indian, Pacific. Ingabonakala ogwini lwase-Iceland, eLabrador, eNorway naseBritish Isles. I-Alaska neJapan, i-Argentina, iChile, i-Australia kanye nezingxenye ezithile ze-Afrika kuyikhaya lofudu olubizwa nge-leatherback.
Isici samanzi salesi silwane esihuquzelayo siyikhaya lomdabu. Impilo yakhe yonke ichithwa emanzini. Okuwukuphela kwesikhathi sonyaka wezimfudu ezizalanayo. Kanjalo, izimfudu azinazitha ngenxa yobukhulu bazo obukhulu. Akekho onesibindi sokukhubekisa noma azitike ngesidalwa esikhulu kangaka. Abantu badla inyama yalezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo. Kwakunamacala okufaka ushevu enyameni yawo.
Izimfudu ezibuyiselwa emuva zihlangana kancane nangaphansi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izindawo zokubeka amaqanda azo ziba zincane nsuku zonke ngenxa yomsebenzi wabantu.
Izindawo eziningi zolwandle nezilwandle, lapho izimfudu ze-leatherback zijwayele ukuhlala khona, ngenxa yezokuvakasha eziningi nokwakhiwa kwezindawo zokuzijabulisa ezahlukahlukene, izindawo zokubhuka kuzo azikulungelanga impilo ejwayelekile yalezi zilwane ezincelisayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo esinjalo esidabukisayo siyabonakala emazweni amaningi. Uhulumeni wabanye babo, ukuze asindise izimfudu ekuqothulweni, udale izindawo ezivikelekile, ezisiza lezi zidalwa ezimangalisayo ukuba ziphile.
Imvamisa, izikhwama zepulasitiki eziphonswa olwandle ziphazanyiswa izimfudu nge-jellyfish futhi ziyagwinywa. Lokhu ezimweni eziningi kuholela ekufeni kwabo. Futhi ngalesi simo abantu bazama ukulwa.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukudla okuyinhloko nokuthandwa yilezi zilwane ezincelisayo yi-jellyfish yamasayizi ahlukahlukene. Umlomo wezimfudu ezibizwa nge-leatherback wakhelwe ngendlela yokuthi isisulu esifike lapho simane nje asikwazi ukuphuma.
Izikhathi eziningi izinhlanzi nama-crustaceans kuye kwatholakala esiswini sezimfudu. Kepha, ngokusho kwabaphenyi, ngezinga elikhulu bafika lapho ngengozi, kanye ne-jellyfish. Lapho zifuna ukudla, lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo zingahamba ibanga elide.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Izimfudu zizalela amaqanda ngezikhathi ezingafani. Kuya ngezimo zezulu zesifunda esithile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, insikazi kufanele iphume emanzini nesidleke ngaphezu komugqa wamaza.
Lokhu ukwenza ngezitho zakhe zangemuva. Ngabo, umba umgodi ojulile, kwesinye isikhathi ufinyelela ngaphezu kwemitha eli-1. Insikazi izalela amaqanda angama-30-130 kulesi sitoreji samaqanda. Ngokwesilinganiso, cishe zingama-80 zazo.
Ngemuva kokubekwa kwamaqanda, ufudu lumboza ngesihlabathi, lukuhlanganisa kahle ngasikhathi sinye. Izinyathelo zokuphepha ezinjalo zisindisa amaqanda ezinwabuzelayo ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye ezilawula kalula ukuthola amaqanda azo lofudu oluhlaza.
Kukhona ukuhlangana okunje ngo-3 ku-turtles ngonyaka. Ubungqabavu bezimfudu ezincane buhlaba umxhwele, okuthi, ngemuva kokuzalwa, kudingeke benze indlela yabo esihlabathini kube yimitha e-1.
Ngaphezulu, zingaba sengozini ngesimo sezilwane ezidlayo ezingaphikisani nokudla izingane. Ngenxa yalokho, akuwona wonke amawundlu ezihuquzelayo ezisanda kuzalwa akwazi ukufinyelela olwandle ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi abesifazane babuyela endaweni efanayo ukuyophinde babeke.
Ubulili bezingane ezizelwe buncike embusweni wokushisa. Emazingeni okushisa abandayo, abesilisa bavame ukuzalwa. Ngokufudumala, kuvela abesifazane abaningi.
Isikhathi sokufukamela amaqanda yizinyanga ezi-2. Umsebenzi omkhulu wabantwana abasanda kuzalwa ukuguqukela kwabo emanzini. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukudla kwabo kuyi-plankton kuze kuhlangane i-jellyfish lapho besendleleni.
Izimfudu ezincane azikhuli ngokushesha okungaka. Zengeza kuphela amasentimitha angama-20 ngonyaka izimfudu ze-leatherback zihlala ngaphezulu koqweqwe lwamanzi, lapho kune-jellyfish eningi futhi kufudumele. Isikhathi esiphilwa yilezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo cishe siyiminyaka engama-50.
