Imboni yamalahle ingenye yemikhakha emikhulu yezomnotho emazweni amaningi omhlaba. Amalahle asetshenziswa njengophethiloli, ekwakheni izinto zokwakha, kwezokwelapha nasembonini yamakhemikhali. Ukukhishwa, ukucubungula nokusetshenziswa kwayo kuholela ekungcolisweni kwemvelo.
Inkinga yezimayini zamalahle
Izinkinga eziningi zemvelo ziqala ngisho nangesikhathi sokukhishwa kwemithombo yamaminerali. Kumayini ezimayini, futhi lezi zinto ziyaqhuma, ngoba kungenzeka kube khona ukushisa kwamalahle. Futhi, ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngaphansi komhlaba, izingqimba zenhlabathi zihlala, kunengozi yokuwa, ukuwa komhlaba kwenzeka. Ukugwema lokhu, izikhala ezivela lapho kumbiwa khona amalahle kufanele zigcwaliswe ngezinye izinto namatshe. Ngenqubo yezimayini zamalahle, ukubukeka kwemvelo kuyashintsha, ikhava yenhlabathi iyaphazamiseka. Inkinga yokucekelwa phansi kotshalo nayo ayincane, ngoba ngaphambi kokumba ifosili kuyadingeka ukuhlanza insimu.
Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi nomoya
Lapho kukhishwa amalahle, kungavela ukukhishwa kwe-methane, okungcolisa umoya. Izinhlayiya zomlotha nezinhlanganisela ezinobuthi, izinto eziqinile nezinegesi zingena emoyeni. Futhi, ukungcola komkhathi kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokushisa kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi.
Izimayini zamalahle zifaka isandla ekungcolisweni kwemithombo yamanzi endaweni lapho kutholakala khona idiphozi. Izakhi zokulandela umkhondo ezinobuthi, ukudla okuqinile kanye nama-asidi kutholakala emanzini angaphansi komhlaba, emifuleni nasemachibini. Baguqula ukwakheka kwamanzi ngamakhemikhali, bakwenze ungakulungeli ukuphuza, ukugeza nokusetshenziswa kwasendlini. Ngenxa yokungcola kwezindawo zamanzi, izimbali zemifula nezilwane ziyafa, kanti izinhlobo ezingavamile zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa.
Imiphumela yokungcola kwe-biosphere
Imiphumela yemboni yamalahle ayikona nje ukungcoliswa kwezinto eziphilayo kuphela, kodwa futhi kunomthelela omubi kubantu. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa zaleli thonya:
- ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuphila sabantu abahlala ezindaweni ezimayini zamalahle;
- ukwanda kwesigameko semiphumela emibi kanye nezifo;
- ukwanda kwezifo zemizwa nezomdlavuza.
Imboni yamalahle iyathuthuka emazweni ahlukene omhlaba, kepha eminyakeni yamuva nje abantu baya ngokuya bashintshela kweminye imithombo yamandla, ngoba umonakalo okhishwe ekusetshenzisweni kwalesi simbiwa mkhulu kakhulu. Ukunciphisa ubungozi bokungcola kwemvelo, kuyadingeka ukwenza ngcono izindlela zokukhiqiza zale mboni futhi kusetshenziswe ubuchwepheshe obuphephile.
