Izilwane ezidla inyama zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi yilabo abadla ukudla okuyimvelaphi yezilwane, hhayi imifino. Izinyoni ezidla inyama zingabazingeli. Kepha akubona bonke abazingeli ababhekwa njengezilwane ezidlayo, njengoba izinyoni eziningi zidla inyama.
Isibonelo, izinyoni eziningi ezincane zidla izinambuzane noma zondle izinkukhu zazo. Ngisho nama-hummingbird adla izinambuzane ezincane nezicabucabu. Ama-terns, ama-gulls nama-heron adla izinhlanzi, ngakho-ke ungazitshela kanjani izinyoni ezivamile ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye?
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinyoni ezidla inyama yi-morphology yomzimba (uzipho olunamandla noqhwaku, olwenzelwe ukubamba, ukubulala nokudla inyamazane) kanye namandla okuzingela endizeni. Ubukhulu bazo buhluka kusuka ku-60 gr. kuze kufike ku-14 kg.
Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-287 zezinyoni ezidla inyama emhlabeni, futhi ochwepheshe bazihlukanisa ngokwehlukile. Ngokwenye yezinhlelo zokuhlukanisa, bahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili:
- Ama-Falconiform (ama-falconiformes);
- Ama-Strigiformes (izikhova).
Womabili lawa ma-oda anezici ezimbili eziyinhloko ezibalulwe ngenhla: izinzipho ezinamandla nomlomo oxhumekile.
Ama-Falconiformes ikakhulukazi asemini (asebenza ngezikhathi zasemini), Izikhova ikakhulukazi ebusuku (ziyasebenza ebusuku).
Le miyalo emibili yezinyoni ayihlobene, kodwa inezici ezifanayo ngendlela yokuzingela.
Abamele amaqembu womabili batholakala endaweni yaseRussia.
Ama-Strigiformes (izikhova)
Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kwezikhova ezimweni zemvelo kuyamangalisa. Abamele babo bangatholakala cishe kuzo zonke izindawo zaseRussia - kusukela endaweni ye-Arctic kuya e-steppe. Ngokuvamile, ababheki bezinyoni babalelwa ezinhlotsheni ezingaba ngu-18, okuyi-13% yazo zonke ezaziwayo emhlabeni. Okuvame kakhulu:
Isikhova esimhlophe noma esimhlophe
Isikhova
Isikhova esinamalebe amafushane
Isikhova SoKlebe
Ussuri owl
I-Upland Owl
Isiraphu yondlunkulu
Isikhova seBarn
Ama-Falconiformes (ama-falconiformes)
Ensimini yaseRussia, kunezinhlobo ezingama-46 zezinyoni ezidla inyama ezishisayo. Ehlathini nasezintabeni, okuvame kakhulu yilezi:
Ukhozi olusegolide
IGoshawk
UMerlin
I-Saker Falcon
I-Peregrine falcon
Ebangeni eliphakathi nendawo, ungathola, phakathi kwabanye:
Kurgannik
I-buzzard ejwayelekile
UBuzzard
Ukhozi olunemisila emhlophe
Ukhozi
Abamele abakhulu kunabo bonke bama-falconiform abatholakala eRussia yilawa:
Inqe elimnyama
Ukhozi olwandle lwaseSteller
Inqe elimnyama liyisilwane esisengozini yokuqothulwa esisohlwini lweRed Book. Indawo ezihlala kuyo eziyizintaba zinamagquma nezintaba, yize zitholakala nasemathafeni amakhulu.
Isisindo sezinyoni sisuka ku-5-14 kg. Ubude bomzimba bufinyelela ku-120 cm, kanti amaphiko amaphiko cishe amamitha amathathu. Izimpaphe zimnyama nsundu. Isici esikhethekile iwumhlophe phansi ohlanganisa intamo nenhloko yale nyoni, uhlobo oluthile lomgexo engxenyeni engezansi yentamo, olwakhiwa izimpaphe ezicijile nemilenze ephuzi.
Izinyoni zindiza kancane, zibonakala zindiza ngaphezu komhlaba, zenze umsindo othule ofana nowakhe.
Ukhozi lwasolwandle lwaseSteller lubizwa ngombala walo ovelele. Inyoni uqobo lwayo imnyama ngombala, kepha umsila, amahlombe, ukuqina, izinqe nebunzi kumhlophe ngokugqamile. Lesi silwane esinamandla esinesisindo esifinyelela ku-9 kg naso sibhalwe kwiRed Book.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi lezi zinkozi zizalela kuphela e-Far Eastern Russia, ngasogwini naseziqhingini eziseduze zoLwandle i-Okhotsk neBering. Inani labo elikhulu labantu litholakala eNhlonhlweni yaseKamchatka.
Njalo ebusika, ezinye izinkozi zasolwandle zaseSteller zisuka lapho zizalela khona ziye eJapane, kanti ezinye zifinyelela eKorea noma ngaphezulu. Abanye abantu abafuduki, kepha bamane bathuthele emanzini avulekile njengoba kusondela ubusika.
Amanzi avulekile ahlinzeka lezi zinkozi ngemithombo yazo eyinhloko yokudla ngasogwini nasemachibini, njengoba ukudla kwazo okuyinhloko kuyizinhlanzi. Ama-salmon angukudla okuyinhloko kwezinkozi ezindaweni zokuzalela.
