Njengamanje, cishe imindeni engama-93 yezinkalankala isitholwe ngumuntu, ebifaka izinhlobo ezingaba izinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa. Lezi zilwane zombili zincane (azidluli ubukhulu bama-arachnids) futhi zinkulu. Kukhona izinhlobo zenkalankala ngemininingwane ethile yangaphandle, kanye nama-arthropods anobuthi. Kuyafaneleka ukutadisha izinhlobo eziyinhloko ezaziwa ngumuntu ngokuningiliziwe.
Inkalankala yaseKamchatka
Inkalankala yaseKamchatka (amaJapane nawo abiza ngokuthi "yasebukhosini") kubhekwa njengesibiliboco sangempela. Ukudla okusemathinini okususelwa kukho kuyaziswa kakhulu emakethe futhi kuyathandwa emhlabeni wonke. Lo mmeli uthathwa njengomunye wabantu abavelele phakathi kwama-crustaceans. Ububanzi begobolondo labantu abakhulu bungafinyelela ku-23 cm, i-paw span ingu-1.5 m, futhi isisindo sifinyelela ku-7 kg.
I-cephalothorax yenkalankala yabesifazane nabesilisa eKamchatka ingunxande, kanti igobolondo nezinzipho ziyimbudumbudu. Igobolondo linemiphetho yangemuva, imizila yinde, ingena kuwo wonke umngcele wangaphakathi.
Ibunzi lincane, ama-peduncles akhuliswa kancane ezingeni le-cornea. Izinhlwathi zihanjiswa ezansi; kukhona isiswebhu, ubude baso obuhlale bungaphansi kobude bomjikelezo. Ama-Antena mancane, afihlwe kancane ngaphansi kwebunzi. Inkalankala inezikhonkwane ezivuleke kahle ezineminwe emide. Inkosi inkalankala uhola indlela yokuphila yomhlambi.
Ngenxa yalokhu, sekuyinto ebalulekile yezimboni eMelika naseJapan, naseRussia Federation. Izakhamizi zasolwandle zivunwa ngamanethi angaphansi. Ngesikhathi sokudoba, kusetshenziswa izicupho zokudoba. Umzimba we-arthropod uqukethe isisu, i-cephalothorax nama-paws ayi-10. I-cephalothorax, imilenze nesisu kumbozwe nge-chitin ngokukhula okune-spiked.
Inkalankala kakhukhunathi
Inkalankala kakhukhunathi - Lona ummeleli omkhulu kunabo bonke phakathi kwama-arthropods. Ngokuvamile, akubhekwa njengenkalankala - uhlobo oluthile lwenkalankala. Lo mmeleli unokubukeka okwesabekayo - angashaqisa ngisho nomuntu onesibindi onquma ukuhlola ulwandle. Uma unemizwa ebuthakathaka, kungcono ungalokothi ubone inkalankala kakhukhunathi. Ama-pincers wommeleli angaphula ngisho namathambo amancane.
Abantu abanjalo bahlala eziqhingini zoLwandlekazi i-Indian. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi esiQhingini saseChristmas, lapho kutholakala khona izakhi ezinkulu zamathambo. Umzimba we-crab uhlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili. Owokuqala yi-cephalothorax nama-paws ama-5, kanti eyesibili isisu.
Imilenze yangaphambili iguqulwa yaba ngamapincers. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi uzipho lwesobunxele lukhulu kakhulu kunolulungile. Ama-paws amabili alandelayo anemikhawulo ebukhali. Lokhu kuvumela inkalankala ukuthi iqhubekele phambili ezindaweni eziqondile nezime mpo.
Abantu abadala basebenzisa amabhangqa wesine ezintabeni. Usayizi wayo mncane kunamanye amaphaphu. Ngosizo lwabo, inkalankala ihlala kumagobolondo kakhukhunathi noma kumagobolondo emollusk. Imilenze emi-2 yokugcina ibuthakathaka kunabo bonke, inkalankala kakhukhunathi ibafihla egobolondweni. Zisetshenziselwa ukukhwelana noma ukunakekela inzalo kuphela.
Inkalankala yeMabula
Inkalankala yeMabula Ingabe ukuphela komhlali woLwandle Olumnyama okungatholakala emadwaleni nasemadwaleni asogwini. Isilwane esinjalo se-arthropod singesomndeni wakwaGrapsidae. Igobolondo lommeleli wasolwandle lakhiwe njenge-trapezoid. Ubungako bomuntu buncane - busuka ku-4.5 kuye ku-6 cm.Ubuso begobolondo buvame ukugcwala ama-algae nolwandle ama-acorn.
Njengenkalankala eminingi, ama-arthropods anama-marbled anezimbumba ezinhlanu zemilenze. Izimbili zangaphambili zingamazipho anamandla. Izinwele zingabonakala emilenzeni yokuhamba yenkalankala yesicabucabu. Umbala we-carapace uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala oluhlaza okotshani noma onsundu onemivimbo elula yokukhanya.
Inkalankala ihlala emanzini angajulile, eduze kwamatshe. Ingatholakala nasolwandle ekujuleni okungafika kumamitha ayishumi. Leli lungu lomndeni wenkalankala lingaphila ngaphandle kwamanzi, ngakho-ke liyabonakala emhlabeni.
Uma umuntu wesifazane, owesilisa ezwa ingozi, angahlasela noma acashe endaweni yokukhosela eseduzane. Emini, inkalankala ingaphansi kwamatshe alala ezansi. Ebusuku uya ogwini. Ebumnyameni, inkalankala ingakhuphukela ebangeni elingamamitha amahlanu.
Inkalankala iyondla ezimweni eziningi ezinsaleleni eziphilayo. Njengezinye izinhlobo eziningi zonkalankala ezitholakala oLwandle Olumnyama, ama-arthropods emabula akuzona izinhlobo zezimboni, kodwa ayizikhumbuzo ezikhangayo. Endaweni yemvelo, inkalankala yemabula iphila kusuka eminyakeni emi-3 kuye kwengu-3,5.
Inkalankala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Lolu hlobo lwenkalankala luyilungu lomndeni wenkalankala yokubhukuda. Izilwane ezinjalo zinenhloso enkulu yezimboni - ngaphezu kwamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-28 we-arthropods abanjwa minyaka yonke. Ngisho nasekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, inyama yayo yaba yisibiliboco. Impela kungenxa yalesi sizathu inani le-crab eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka incipha ngokushesha.
Inkalankala yokubhukuda ihlala ngasogwini olusentshonalanga ye-Atlantic Ocean, eduzane naseCape Cod Peninsula. Lesi sakamuva siseNyakatho-mpumalanga Melika futhi sifinyelela e-Argentina, kanye naseningizimu ne-Uruguay. Imvamisa, izinkalankala eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zitholakala emilonyeni yemifula nezindawo zokugcina amanzi, ukujula kwazo kungeqi kumamitha angama-36.
Izilwane zikhetha lezo zindawo lapho kunodaka noma isihlabathi ezansi. Ngenkathi yasebusika inkalankala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iya ngokujula ngaphansi kwamanzi. Abantu abadala bangakhuthazelela kahle ukwehla kwamazinga okushisa afinyelela kwayi-10 degrees, kuyilapho abancane - kusuka ku-15 kuye ku-30. Ubude begobolondo busuka ku-7 kuye ku-10 cm, kanti ububanzi busuka ku-16 kuye ku-20. Ngemuva kwenkalankala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ingaba nemithunzi elandelayo:
- Okumpunga.
- Luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- Nsundu.
Kunezinhlayiya ezicijile kuwo wonke umphetho wegobolondo, futhi isisu nemilenze kumhlophe. Abesilisa bangahlukaniswa ngozipho oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nabesifazane ngokubomvu okukhanyayo. Ama-arthropods asolwandle anama-paws ama-5.
Ngesikhathi sokuziphendukela kwemvelo, imilenze yangaphambili yaba yizinzipho, ezisetshenziselwa ukuvikela nokusika ukudla. Amapheya okugcina acishe afane nezigwedlo - asetshenziselwa ukubhukuda. Uma inkalankala ilahlekelwa izitho, iyakwazi ukuzibuyisa ngokushesha okukhulu.
Inkalankala engamakhambi
Inkalankala yotshani iyi-crustacean encane kakhulu, kodwa enamandla kakhulu, ijubane lokuhamba kwayo kwezinye izimo lingafinyelela imitha elilodwa ngomzuzwana. Isici esihlukile senkalankala yotshani yigobolondo, elinesimo esicaba esiyizicaba esiyizinhlangothi eziyisithupha.
Lawa ma-arthropod anesilinganiso esimaphakathi sezinzipho. Umbala wengxenye ephezulu yegobolondo layo uluhlaza, ingxenye engezansi ingaba mhlophe noma iphuzi. Abamele lolu hlobo lwama-crustaceans bangahamba kuphela ohlangothini, hhayi phambili noma emuva.
Izinkalankala zotshani zihlala, njengomthetho, olwandle, ekujuleni okungafika kumamitha amathathu. Ngezansi kuvame ukufihlwa ngamatshe amatshe amancane noma ngegobolondo ngodaka, kepha kaningi kakhulu bakhosela emahlathini algal.
Izinkalankala zotshani zondla ngezakhamuzi ezahlukahlukene zamanzi ezingajulile - imfanzi, izimbaza, izinhlanzi ezincane kanye nama-crustaceans, izibungu, kanye nemfucumfucu ephilayo. Laba bameleli bezilwane zasolwandle izidalwa zasebusuku. Ngesikhathi sasemini, bayaphumula, bemba emhlabathini wolwandle.
Inkalankala engamakhambi ngokufanele iphethe isihloko "sokuhleleka komhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi." Lezi zilwane ezincane zivimbela ukungcoliswa kogu lolwandle ngokudla izidumbu nazo zonke izinhlobo zemfucumfucu ephilayo olwandle.
Izinkalankala zotshani zilungiselelwe ukukhwelana unyaka wonke. Insikazi iyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda angafika ezinkulungwaneni eziningana, isikhathi sayo sokufukamela sithatha kusuka ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kweziyisithupha, kuya ngesizini.
Inkalankala yesihlabathi
Lolu hlobo lwenkalankala luhlala kuphela ezansi kwesihlabathi. Inkalankala yesihlabathi umbhukudi omuhle (ngakho-ke, unegama lesibili lebhungane lamanzi) futhi uyazi ukuthi angangena kanjani ngokushesha esihlabathini (imilenze yangemuva ejiyile isiza isilwane kulokhu). Ababhukudi bazizwa bekhululekile emanzini apholile, acacile. Ezimweni ezinjalo, inkalankala ingaya emanzini angajulile.
I-specimen enkulu kunazo zonke etholakala ensimini yeRussian Federation ihlala eLwandle Olumnyama. Ubude bayo cishe bungu-32 mm, kanti ububanzi bayo bucishe bube ngu-40 mm. Inkalankala yokubhukuda Kubhekwa njengokukhulu kunazo zonke kulabo abahlala oLwandle i-Adriatic, kodwa ngenxa yobuningi babanye abamele izinkalankala zokubhukuda, isihlabathi asivamile.
Usayizi wesilwane mncane kakhulu. Umuntu unokhaphethi okweqanda olinganisa amasentimitha amane ububanzi. Imilenze mifushane, kepha lokhu akuvimbeli inkalankala ukuthi ihambe ngokushesha. Uzipho lukhulu, lubukeka lungalingani, ngoba inkalankala uqobo lwayo incane ngosayizi. Iminwe iba mnyama, kwesinye isikhathi ize ibe mnyama.
Isici esihlukile senkalankala yikhono lokubhukuda ngejubane elikhulu emanzini. Kwabesilisa, izimpondo zibhekwa ngaphezu kwamehlo esiqongweni sezinhlanga. Lapho abesifazane bemba umgodi, basakaza isihlabathi nxazonke. Abesilisa bayigoqa ngobunono eceleni kwemigodi yabo.
Izinkalankala ezinoboya
Ngenxa yomkhuba wokukhuphukela ezingxenyeni ezikude kakhulu zemihume engaphansi kwamanzi futhi ulale kuyo ngokuthula, embozwe izipanji, izinkalankala ezinoboya zathola igama lesibili, elingaphansi ngokusemthethweni - izinkalankala zokulala. Lezi zinhlobo ze-arthropod zingenye yama-crustaceans amancane. Ubukhulu be-crab enoboya ungeqi ku-25 mm., futhi laba bameleli bama-crustaceans bahlala esiqeshini sogu.
Ukulala izinkalankala - lawa angabameleli abanesitoko se-oda lama-crapaceans ama-decapod atholakala kubukhulu beMedithera neNyakatho Yezilwandle. Njengoba kunemisinga epholile yasenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Atlantic Ocean, izinkalankala ezinoboya azigcini endaweni ethile yokuhlala. Banethezekile ukutholakala bobabili ekujuleni kwamamitha ayisishiyagalombili, futhi njengoba behle ngamamitha ayikhulu phansi.
Ubude begobolondo lenkalankala enoboya bungaphezu kwamasentimitha amahlanu nje kuphela. Isici esiyinhloko esihlukanisayo ukuthi igobolondo limbozwe izinwele eziningi ezincane. Lokhu kuvumela izinkalankala zokulala ukuthi zibambe isipanji ngokuqinile, kodwa hhayi ngenxa yozwela lomuntu siqu, kodwa kuphela ukufihla. Izinkalankala zokulala ezincane kuphela ezingakwazi "ukubamba" izipanji, nabantu abadala, ngenxa yesifo sesipanji eside, ngokoqobo "bakhula ndawonye" nabangane babo.
Izinkalankala ezibabayo
Lolu hlobo lwenkalankala luhlala ezimweni eziningi ePacific Ocean (engxenyeni yalo esenyakatho-mpumalanga). Isilwane esinjalo sizwa kahle emanzini anokuqukethwe kasawoti okuphansi, singatholakala nasemizimbeni yamanzi angenasawoti. Imvamisa, abadobi bathatha inkalankala ephuma emanzini kanye ne-salmon.
Bona lolu hlobo lwe-arthropod osebeni lwaseKamchatka, amaKuriles, neSakhalin. Lesi silwane sithanda ukuhlala enhlabathini enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamatshe - emanzini angajulile, lapho ukujula kungeqi kumamitha angama-25. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi le nkalankala yabanjwa ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-350.
Inkalankala imvamisa ihola impilo yokuhlala phansi, ubekezelela ngokufanele izinguquko ezithile zonyaka emibusweni yokushisa. Igobolondo lesilwane linenqwaba yameva, futhi ububanzi balo bungaba ngamasentimitha ayi-15. Ukudla okuyinhloko ama-mollusks amancane.
Hlobo luni lwezinkalankala ozibona e-aquarium?
Izinkalankala sekuyizilwane ezifuywayo ezithandwayo phakathi kwalabo abathanda ukugcina i-aquarium ekhaya labo. Manje abamele abanjalo be-arthropods sebengatholakala ezitolo eziningi zezilwane, kuyilapho bengathobekile futhi begxila kahle ekhaya.
Lapho ukhetha isilwane esinjalo, kufanele unake usayizi waso, kanye nokushisa kwamanzi lapho kuhlelwe khona ukugcina inkalankala. Isibonelo, ezinye izinhlobo zidinga amanzi afudumele (izinga lokushisa okungama-20-25 degrees Celsius) kanye ne-aeration. Uma isilwane sisuka ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, izinga lokushisa kwamanzi kufanele libe ngaphansi kancane. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinkalankala ezifanele ukugcinwa ekhaya:
- Inkalankala yaseDashi... Inketho enhle yabaqalayo, ngoba isilwane asizithobi ngokuya ngezimo zokugcina. Isilwane asidingi umhlaba owomile. Kungcono ukuyigcina ekushiseni kwama-24-25 degrees.
- Inkalankala yengwe... Ithole leli gama ngenxa yombala wayo okhanyayo futhi okhangayo. Inkalankala yengwe izoba ngumakhelwane omuhle kakhulu wezinhlanzi zasemanzini, kepha ukuyigcina ihlangene namaxoxo akunconywa. Lo muntu futhi akadingi ukulingiswa okuyimpoqo kwe-sushi. Kungcono ukugcina inkalankala yengwe iphakathi kuka-22 no-28 degrees.
Ama-Crustaceans (izinkalankala) ama-arthropods omnivorous. Endaweni yabo yemvelo, bavame ukudlala indima yokuhleleka. Manje ezinye izinhlobo zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Abantu banecala ngalezi zimo.
