Inyoni encane kunazo zonke e-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika. Umugqa ophuzi osekhanda udale ukuthi abantu bazihlanganise nomqhele. Ubukhulu nokubukeka kwakho akuvumeli ukubiza lenyoni ngokuthi inkosi. Yingakho ingane eculayo yathola igama i-kinglet... Igama lesayensi lohlobo nguRegulus, okusho ukuthi knight, king.
Incazelo nezici
Inkosi inezinto ezintathu ezigcizelela ubuntu. Lawa ngosayizi, imibala (ikakhulukazi amakhanda) nokuma komzimba. Ubude obujwayelekile benyoni endala bungu-7-10 cm, isisindo singu-5-7 g. Okungukuthi, ibhungane lincane ngokuphindwe kabili nengxenye kunondlunkulu wasendlini. Ngemingcele enjalo, wawina isihloko senyoni encane kunazo zonke e-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika.
Ama-warbler nama-wrens ambalwa kuphela asondela enkosini ngesisindo nangosayizi. I-kinglet iyashesha kakhulu, iyaxokozela. Ibhola elincane, elijikijelwayo elinomqhele ekhanda lalo, elizenza laziwe ngokucula ngamanothi aphezulu. Mhlawumbe, ekubukekeni nasekuziphatheni kwakhe, abantu babona uhlobo oluthile lokulingiswa kwabantu abathweswe imiqhele, ngakho-ke babiza inyoni ngokuthi yinkosi.
Abesilisa nabesifazane bacishe balingane, ukuma komzimba kuyefana. Umbala wezimpaphe uhlukile. Imivimbo ebomvu ephuzi ngokuhleleka okumnyama iyabonakala emadodeni. Ngezikhathi ezithokozisayo, lapho owesilisa ezama ukukhombisa ukubaluleka kwakhe, izimpaphe eziphuzi ekhanda lakhe ziqala ukuqhuma, zakheke uhlobo lomqolo.
Kunokwehluka kwezimpaphe zabesilisa, abesifazane nezinyoni ezincane zenkosi
Umhlane namahlombe ezinyoni aluhlaza okomnqumo. Ingxenye engezansi yekhanda, isifuba, isisu ayikhanyi, ngombala o-grey-green obuthakathaka. Engxenyeni ephakathi yamaphiko kunemigqa eguqukayo emhlophe nokumnyama. Okulandelayo yimigqa eshintshanayo yesikhathi eside. Kwabesifazane, izimpaphe zeparietali ziyafiphala, kwesinye isikhathi zibonakala kuphela ngenkathi yokuhlangana. Ngokuvamile, abesifazane, njengoba kuvame ukwenzeka ezinyonini, abanemibala emincane ekhangayo.
Isimo somzimba siyindilinga. Izimpiko zivuleka zivuleke kubude obuphindwe kabili bomzimba - ngo-14-17 cm.Iphiko elilodwa lingama-5-6 cm ubude.Inhloko ayephuli izinhlaka ezijwayelekile zomzimba. Kubonakala sengathi le nyoni ayinayo nhlobo intamo.
Amehlo aphilayo, ayindilinga agcizelelwa umugqa wezimpaphe ezimhlophe. Kwezinye izinhlobo, umugqa omnyama ugijima ngamehlo. Uqhwaku luncane, lukhombe. Amakhala agudliselwa ngasesiqwini somlomo, ngalinye limbozwe uphaphe. Uhlobo olulodwa kuphela - i-ruby king - inezimpaphe eziningana ezivale amakhala.
Umsila mfushane, unenothi eliphakathi nendawo elibuthakathaka: izimpaphe zomsila ongaphandle zinde kuneziphakathi. Izitho zinde ngokwanele. Itars imbozwe ngoqwembe oluqinile lwesikhumba. Izinzwani ziqinile futhi zithuthuke kahle. Hollow on the soles ukwenza ngcono ukubambelela egatsheni. Ngenhloso efanayo, umunwe ongemuva weluliwe, nozipho olude kuwo. Umklamo wemilenze ukhombisa ukutholakala okuvamile emagatsheni.
Ukuba sezihlahleni nasezihlahleni, i-korolki yenza ukunyakaza kwama-acrobatic kanye ne-coups, imvamisa ilenga ibheke phansi. Izinhlobo ezimbili - i-kinglet enekhanda eliphuzi kanye ne-ruby king - azinamatheli kangako ezihlahleni, zivame ukubamba izinambuzane zibaleka. Ngenxa yalokhu, abanayo inothi kuphela, futhi izinzwane nozipho kufushane kunezinye izinhlobo.
I-kinglet esehlathini ayibonakali neze. Uzwe kaningi kunokubonwa. Abesilisa baphinda ingoma yabo engeyona inkimbinkimbi kakhulu kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ekupheleni kwehlobo. Isihlabelelo senkosi ukuphindwa kwamakhwela, ama-trill, kwesinye isikhathi kumvamisa ophakeme kakhulu. Ukuculwa kwabesilisa kuhlotshaniswa hhayi kuphela nokuzimisela ukuzala, kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokuzimemezela, ngamalungelo ale ndawo.
Izinhlobo
Ukwahlukaniswa kwezinto eziphilayo kuqukethe ukuhleleka okuningi kakhulu kwezinyoni - abadlulayo. Kubandakanya izinhlobo ezingama-5400 nemindeni engaphezu kwekhulu. Ekuqaleni, kuze kube ngu-1800, ama-kinglet ayeyingxenye yomndeni wama-warblers, lapho inyoni ezincane zezingoma zihlangene.
Njengoba sezifunde kabanzi ukwakheka kwezinyoni ngokuningiliziwe, izazi zemvelo zanquma ukuthi umhlanga omncane nama-warblers akufani kangako. Umndeni ohlukile wama-korolkov wadalwa ekwahlukanisweni kwezinto eziphilayo. Kukhona uhlobo olulodwa kuphela emndenini - lawa mabhungane noma, ngesiLatini, iRegulidae.
Isihlukanisi sebhayoloji sibuyekezwa njalo. Izifundo ezintsha ze-phylogenetic zengeza uphethiloli emlilweni. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinyoni ezazibhekwa njengeziphansi phambilini zandisa amazinga azo entela, ziba izinhlobo zezilwane, futhi ngokufanayo. Namuhla, izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa zama-kinglets zifakiwe emndenini.
- Ibhungane elinamakhanda aphuzi... Lezi zinhlobo zihlukaniswa ngomugqa ophuzi weparietal onobumbano obumnyama. Kwabesilisa, umugqa ubanzi ngekhanda elibomvu. Kwabesifazane - ulamula onelanga. Kwethulwe kusihlukanisi ngaphansi kwegama elithi Regulus regulus. Ihlanganisa cishe ama-subspecies ayi-10. Kuzala emahlathini e-coniferous futhi axubekile ase-Eurasia.
Eliphuzi, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwamabhungane
Lalela ukucula kwenkosi enekhanda eliphuzi
- ICanary kinglet. Kuze kube muva nje, bekubhekwa njengama-subspecies enkosi ephuzi. Manje sekuhlukanisiwe njengombono ozimele. Ibhungane laseCanary libonakala ngohlaka olumnyama olubanzi lomugqa wegolide ekhanda. Ososayensi banikeze lezi zilwane igama elithi Regulus teneriffae. Indawo eyinhloko yokuhlala yiCanary Islands.
- Ibhungane elinamakhanda abomvu. Uhlelo lwekhanda lufaka umugqa ophuzi ophuzi, ophoqelekile kuwo wonke amabhungane, imivimbo emnyama ebanzi egijima ezinhlangothini zombili zomqhele ophuzi, amashiya amhlophe, abonakala ngokusobala. Igama lokuhlukaniswa nguRegulus ignicapillus. Kutholakala ezindaweni ezipholile zaseYurophu naseNyakatho Afrika.
Lalela ukucula kwenkosi enamakhanda abomvu
- IMadeira kinglet. Isikhundla esihlukanisweni semvelo sale nyoni sabuyekezwa ngekhulu le-XXI. Phambilini bekucatshangelwa ukuthi yi-subspecies yenkosi enamakhanda abomvu, ngo-2003 yathathwa njengohlobo oluzimele. Yaqanjwa ngokuthi yiRegulus madeirensis. Inyoni engajwayelekile, etholakala esiqhingini saseMadeira.
- I-kinglet yaseTaiwan. Isikimu sombala womugqa omkhulu weparietali wehluke kakhulu ezinhlotsheni eziqokiwe. Imivimbo emnyama egudle umugqa incane kakhulu. Amehlo agqanyisiwe ngamabala amnyama, azungezwe umngcele omhlophe. Isifuba simhlophe. Emaceleni kanye nasemngcwabeni kuphuzi. Igama lesayensi - Regulus goodfellowi. Izinhlobo kanye nobusika emahlathini asezintabeni, ama-coniferous futhi ahlala eluhlaza okotshani aseTaiwan.
- Inkosi enekhanda legolide. Izimpaphe ngomhlane we-olive-grey nesisu esilula kancane. Ikhanda linemibala cishe efanayo nangezinhlobo eziphakanyisiwe. NgesiLatin, babizwa ngokuthi yiRegulus satrapa. Ingoma kinglet, onekhanda legolide uhlala e-United States naseCanada.
- Inkosi enekhanda likaRuby. Ingxenye yomgogodla (engenhla) yezinyoni iluhlaza okomnqumo. Ingxenye engezansi - isifuba, isisu, isibambiso - mpunga okhanyayo onombala omncane womnqumo. Umhlobiso omkhulu wamabhungane - umugqa ogqamile ekhanda - ungabonakala kuphela kwabesilisa ngesikhathi senjabulo yabo. Ososayensi babiza le nyoni ngokuthi i-Regulus calendula. Kutholakala emahlathini aseConiferous North America, ikakhulukazi eCanada nase-Alaska.
Lalela ukuculwa kwenkosi enekhanda le-ruby
Ama-kinglet anesihlobo esikude. Lesi yisidleke sezinyoni esidlula i-Urals, ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeSiberia esempumalanga. Ibizwa ngokuthi yi-chiffchaff. Ngosayizi nangebala, kuyefana nenkosi. Ekhanda, ngaphezu komugqa ophuzi ophakathi nendawo, kunamashiya amade aphuzi. I-Kinglet esithombeni futhi i-chiffchaff cishe ayihlukaniseki.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Abahlali behlathi laseKorolki, bakhetha ama-conifers kanye nama-massifs ahlanganisiwe. Indawo yokuhlala korolkov ihambisana nezindawo zokusatshalaliswa kwesihlahla sonwele esijwayelekile. Azikho kulezi zinhlobo ezizala enyakatho ye-70 ° N. sh. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi, izindawo eziphilayo ziyahlangana.
Izinhlobo eziphakanyisiwe zahlala ngaphezulu kweYurophu. EPyrenees, eBalkan, eningizimu yeRussia, livela kancane. Indawo yokuhlala yaseRussia iphela ngaphambi kokufika eBaikal. Ingayinaki cishe yonke iMpumalanga Siberia, i-kinglet yakhetha iMpumalanga Ekude njengendawo esempumalanga kunazo zonke yokwakha izidleke. Abantu ngabanye bahlala emahlathini aseTibetan.
Izinhlobo ezimbili - amakhanda anekhanda eligolide nelinamakhanda asebenze kahle eNyakatho Melika. Umgomo wokusakazeka kwezinyoni uyefana naseYurophu, e-Asia - inyoni kinglet iyaphila lapho kukhona amahlathi we-coniferous perennial. Kukhethwa kuqala ukuhlelwa kwe-spruce. Kepha ngaphandle kwesihlahla sonwele, i-korolki ihlobana kahle ne-Scots pine, i-mountain pine, i-fir, i-larch.
Zonke izinhlobo zamabhungane azesabi umehluko wobude. Zingachuma emahlathini aphakama aze afike kumamitha ayi-3000 ngaphezu kolwandle. Ngenxa yobunzima bokubuka nokugcina imfihlo, ngesikhathi sokufukamela, indlela yokuphila, akwenzeki njalo ukunquma imingcele eqondile yobubanzi.
Amakhosi abalwa phakathi kwezinyoni ezihlala phansi. Kepha akunjalo. Ukufuduka okuyingxenye kuyisici samabhungane. Ngesikhathi sokushoda kokudla, kanye nezinye izinyoni, baqala ukufuna izindawo ezondlayo empilweni. Ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo, kwenzeka ukufuduka mpo - izinyoni zehla emahlathini asezintabeni eziphakeme. Ukunyakaza okunjalo kwezinyoni kuvame kakhulu futhi kuyisikhathi sonyaka.
Izindiza zangempela ezisuka ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke kuya ezindaweni zobusika zenziwa yi-korolki, izwe lakubo eliyizindawo ezineqhwa eligcwele nobusika obuneqhwa. Indiza ende kakhulu yonyaka ingabhekwa njengeyindlela esuka eNyakatho Urals iye ogwini lwaseTurkey oLwandle Olumnyama.
Ukukhala akuzange kuveze ngokuphelele izindlela nobukhulu bezindiza zamabhungane. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukukhombisa ngokunembile imizila yokufuduka yezinyoni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abaningi abahlala emahlathini bazigcina ngokuthuthela emapaki nasemahlathini asedolobheni, eduze nendawo yokuhlala abantu.
Izindiza ezibandakanya izinyoni ezincane ziyashintshashintsha. Amakhosi afudukayo ahlangana nezinyoni zomdabu. Kwesinye isikhathi bashintsha imikhuba yabo bese belinda ubusika emahlathini ashubile, ama-shrub wilds. Lapho bakha khona imihlambi engajwayelekile yobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, imvamisa ihlangana ne-titmice encane.
Isazi sezinto eziphilayo saseJalimane uBergman wasungula umthetho ngekhulu le-19. Ngokwalokhu okushiwo yi-ecogeographic, izinhlobo ezifanayo zezilwane ezinegazi elifudumele zithola osayizi abakhulu, ezihlala ezifundeni ezinezimo ezibandayo.
I-kinglet iyinyoni encane kakhulu, ecishe ilingane ne-hummingbird
Kubukeka sengathi lo mthetho awusebenzi emakhosini. Nomaphi lapho behlala khona eScandinavia noma e-Italy, bahlala bengabantu abadlula kakhulu. Ngaphakathi kohlobo lweRegulus, ama-subspecies ahlala e-Arctic Circle awamakhulu kunama-kinglet ahlala osebeni lweMedithera.
Ubukhulu benyoni yenkosi mancane kakhulu ukuthi umzimba ungakwazi ukukhiqiza ukushisa okwanele. Ngakho-ke, izinyoni zivame ukuchitha ubusuku basebusika, zihlanganiswe ngamaqembu ezinyoni amancane. Bathola indawo efanelekayo yokukhosela phakathi kwamagatsha esihlahla sonwele bese behlangana ndawonye, bezama ukufudumala.
Inhlangano yomphakathi yezinyoni ihluke kakhulu. Ngenkathi yokwakha izidleke, amabhungane ahola indlela yokuphila ebhangqiwe, kwezinye izikhathi akha imihlambi, ngaphandle kwesakhiwo esibonakalayo sombuso. Izinyoni ezincane zezinye izinhlobo zijoyina la maqembu angenakho ukuthula. Ubudlelwano obungavumelani bezinyoni ngokuvamile buqala ukundiza ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka ndawonye noma bafune indawo yokuhlala eyenelisa kakhudlwana.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Izinambuzane zakha isisekelo sokudla kwamabhungane. Ngokuvamile lawa angama-arthropods anezinhlayiya ezithambile: izicabucabu, ama-aphid, amabhungane anemizimba ethambile. Amaqanda nezibungu zezinambuzane kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngosizo loqhwaku lwawo oluncane, ama-kinglet athola ukudla kwawo emifantwini yegxolo, kusuka ngaphansi kokumila kwembabazane.
Imvamisa zihlala ezitezi ezingenhla zehlathi, kepha ngezikhathi ezithile zehlela ezigabeni ezingezansi noma phansi. Lapha baphishekela umgomo owodwa - ukuthola ukudla. Izicabucabu zivame ukubasiza. Okokuqala, ama-kinglet azidla wona uqobo, okwesibili, acosha isisulu sesicabucabu esibhajwe ngemicu enamathelayo.
Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obulinganiselwe, i-kinglet inesifiso esikhulu sokudla
Ngokuvamile, amabhungane ahlasela izinambuzane ezindizayo. I-protein yokudla kwamabhungane ihlukaniswe nembewu yama-conifers. Bakwazi ukuphuza umpe; ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo babonwa ngokusetshenziswa kobisi lwe-birch olugeleza kusuka emanxebeni ezihlahla.
Amakhosi ahlala ematasa efuna ukudla. Baphazamisa ukuhaya kwabo befuna ukudla okulula. Kuyachazeka. Izinyoni zincane, izinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni zishesha kakhulu. Ukwakhiwa okuqhubekayo kuyadingeka. Uma i-kinglet ingadli okuthile kungakapheli ihora, ingafa yindlala.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Entwasahlobo, i-kinglet iqala ukucula kakhulu. Lokhu kukhombisa isikhathi sokuzalela esiseduze. Ubiza amalungelo akhe ensimini futhi ubiza owesifazane. Amakhosi ayedwa. Ayikho imiqhudelwano ekhethekile phakathi kwabesilisa. Ikama elihlikihliwe futhi elinolwelo ngokuvamile lanele ukuxosha umphikisi.
Lo mbhangqwana wakhela amaphuphu indawo yokukhosela. Isidleke seNkosi Ngabe isakhiwo esime njengesitsha simiswe egatsheni. Isidleke singatholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu kusuka kumamitha ayi-1 kuye kwangama-20. NgoMeyi, insikazi izalela cishe amaqanda amancane ayishumi nambili. Ububanzi obufushane beqanda bungu-1 cm, obude bungu-1.4 cm Amaqanda achanyuselwa ngowesifazane. Inqubo yokufukamela ihlala izinsuku eziyi-15-19. Amaphuphu ondliwa ngabazali bobabili.
Amachwane e-Kinglet zisencike kubazali bazo, kuthi owesilisa aqale ukwakha isidleke sesibili. Ngemuva kokuthi iphuphu lokuqala lisephikweni, yonke inqubo iyaphindwa nge-clutch yesibili. Izinga lokusinda kwamachwane liphansi, alidluli kuma-20%. Esimweni esihle kakhulu, babili kuphela kwabayishumi abazozala izingane zabo ngonyaka ozayo. Yilapho impilo yamakhosi amancane ivame ukuphela khona.
Isidleke seNkosi ngamatshe
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
Kukhona isiko e-Ireland. Ngosuku lwesibili lukaKhisimusi ngoSuku uStephen's, abantu abadala nezingane babamba ama-kinglet bawabulale. Abase-Ireland banikeza incazelo elula ngezenzo zabo. Ngesinye isikhathi uStephen, omunye wamaKristu okuqala, wakhandwa ngamatshe waze wafa. Indawo lapho umKristu acashe khona ikhonjiswe kubashushisi bakhe yinyoni - inkosi. Kusamele akhokhele lokhu.
Enye yezinguqulo ezichaza amagama ama-kinglets, okungukuthi, inkosi encane, ihlotshaniswa nenganekwane. Abanye bathi balotshwa u-Aristotle, abanye bathi nguPliny. Iphuzu eliyinhloko yilokhu. Izinyoni zalwela ilungelo lokuthi zibizwe ngenkosi yezinyoni. Lokhu kwakudinga ukundiza ngaphezu kwabo bonke abanye abantu. Okuncane kunakho konke kufihlwe ngemuva kokhozi. Ngakusebenzisa njengesithuthi, ngonga amandla ami futhi ngangiphezu kwawo wonke umuntu. Ngakho inyoni encane yaba yinkosi.
ENyuvesi yaseBristol, ababheki bezinyoni bazimise ngomqondo wokuthi amabhungane awaqondi nje kuphela izimpawu zezihlobo nezilwane eziseduze nawo. Ngokushesha bafunda ukuqonda ukuthi iziphi izinyoni ezingaziwa kubo ezikhalelayo. Ngemuva kokucwaningwa okuningana, ama-kinglet aqala ukuphendula ngokusobala isignali ye-alamu eqoshiwe, eyayingakaze izwakale ngaphambilini.
