Izinambuzane eziyizinyamazana. Incazelo, izici, izinhlobo, indlela yokuziphatha kanye nendawo okuhlala kuyo ibhungane

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Incazelo nezici

Leli bhungane liyakwazi ukuhlaba umxhwele lapho ulibona kuqala. Okokuqala, umangaza ngomthethosisekelo oqinile nosayizi ongavamile. Izimo ze-subspecies ngazinye ziyakwazi ukuziqhayisa ngobude obungaphezu kuka-9 cm.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye ephawuleka kakhulu yalesi sinambuzane ungumbhangqwana onsundu ophucuziwe, kwesinye isikhathi onobunono obubomvu bama-mandibles, okungukuthi, imihlathi yomlomo engenhla, enikeza ukubukeka konke komdondoshiya ukubukeka kwangempela, okucishe kube mnandi.

Amandla okugunyazwa makhulu kangangokuba akha ingxenye yesithathu yobude bomzimba, futhi kwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlobo azivezwa kakhulu. Yize lena kuyimihlathi, ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, akunakwenzeka ukuhlafuna noma yini noma ukuququda ngayo. Izikhali zamabhungane lezi.

Abesilisa, lapho ukwakheka komlomo okukhonjisiwe, kanye nawo wonke umzimba, kuthuthukiswe kakhulu kunabhungane besifazane, bakusebenzise ngesikhathi semincintiswano omunye nomunye, beqala izingxabano njalo phakathi kwabo.

Lawa mandla anemiphetho emangele kanye nemiphetho eyinqaba ebenza babukeke njengezimpondo. Izinhlangano ezinjalo zenze umuntu ukuthi anikeze igama lolu hlobo lwezinto eziphilayo. inyamazane eyinsikazi... Kodwa-ke, amandla ezinambuzane ezichazwe, awahlangene nezimpondo zama-artiodactyls.

Esikhundleni salokho, angamazipho, njengalawo enkalankala noma i-crayfish, anamaphuzu aqondiswe ngaphakathi, njengezidwedwe ezisontekile zoshukela. Banamazinyo afanele, ngakho-ke amabhungane ayaluma nabo, futhi awahliki, futhi kubi kakhulu ukuthi, ngokomthetho, bangalimaza ngisho nomunwe womuntu owelulelwe kubo, kodwa lokhu bakwenza ezimweni ezehlukile, ngoba basebenzisa lesi sikhali kuphela ekulweni nabanye abantu.

Izingxenye zomzimba wamabhungane omude ngokuyinhloko yinhloko emnyama, eyisicaba ngaphezulu, emise okonxande obumbekile, enamehlo anezinhlangothi ezinhlangothini nezimpondo ezivele ngaphambili, ezakhiwe ngamapuleti ahambayo. Isifuba sombala ofanayo sinamathiselwe ekhanda, sinemisipha enamandla.

Futhi ngemuva kwaso kunesisu, sifihlwe ngokuphelele yi-elytra eqinile, ikakhulu esinsundu ngokubomvu kwabesilisa nabansundu ngokumnyama kwabesifazane, okuvame ukumbozwa ngephethini ehlukile ngohlobo ngalunye lwenhlobo. Ngemuva kwalezi zakhiwo zokuzivikela, amaphiko amancane, abucayi, anamathambo afihliwe.

Amabhungane nawo anemilenze eyisithupha emide, ehlukanisiwe. Izidladla zazo ekugcineni zinezinzipho ezinezihlakala, okwenza kube lula ukuthi amabhungane akwazi ukugibela ezihlahleni. Izitho zemizwa, ikakhulukazi iphunga nokunambitheka, yizindlebe ezinezinwele ezisemihlathini engezansi. Ukuvela okumangazayo kwalesi sidlakela sezinambuzane kuyakhonjiswa ibhungane lezinyamazane esithombeni.

Izinhlobo

Izinambuzane ezichazwe ngezomndeni wezinsikazi. Abamele bayo ngamabhungane e-coleopteran anezimpawu zomlomo eziphumela phambili phambili, zinamazinyo.

Uhlobo oluphelele lwamabhungane ezinyamazane ahlala eYurophu (eRussia kuphela kukhona cishe amashumi amabili awo) naseNyakatho Melika, kepha izinhlobo eziningi zazigxile ezindaweni ezisempumalanga naseningizimu yezwekazi lase-Asia, ezomndeni we-stag. Ake sichaze ezinye izinhlobo zalezi zidalwa ezinamaphondo.

1. I-European stag beetle... Uhla lwayo lwasakazeka kabanzi kulo lonke izwekazi, lwasakazeka lusuka eSweden enyakatho ludabula yonke indawo yaseYurophu eningizimu, luze lufike e-Afrika uqobo. Futhi empumalanga ifinyelela kuma-Urals. Kule ngxenye yomhlaba, le titan enezimpondo ingumpetha ngosayizi, okungabesilisa ofinyelela ku-10 cm.

2. Isidlakela sebhungane, ongumhlali waseNyakatho Melika, udlula nozakwabo waseYurophu ngosayizi, yize ngamasentimitha ambalwa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ubukeka njengaye, umbala wombala onsundu womzimba kuphela okhanyayo ngethoni. Kepha, njengabamele kakhulu lolu hlobo, abesifazane bezinambuzane ezinjalo bancane kakhulu kunabanumzane babo futhi kuyaqabukela bekhule ngaphezu kuka-7 cm.

3. I-sting engenazintambo, eyahlala eziqhingini zaseHawaii, ikakhulukazi esiqhingini saseKauai, inokwehluka okuningi ezinhlotsheni ezimbili ezedlule. Uma kuqhathaniswa nabo, igunya lakhe lincane impela. Lezi zihlanzekile, zigobile enkabeni, ukwakheka. Kunalokho abafani nezinyamazane, kodwa nezimpondo zenkomo. Izidalwa ezinjalo zimnyama ngombala. I-elytra yabo ihlanganisiwe, okusho ukuthi abakwazi ukuyisabalalisa futhi bandize. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpiko ezingezansi, noma zikhona, zikhule kabi kakhulu.

4. Ixhama laseNyakatho Afrika... It, uma kuqhathaniswa nezidlakela ezichazwe ngenhla zaseYurophu nezaseMelika, incane, kepha ezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane ezinjalo zinhle kakhulu, ngakho-ke ziyadingeka phakathi kwabaqoqi. Izimpondo okuthiwa azizona neze ingxenye evelele yalezi mabhungane. Kepha amacebo ombala wezingxenye ezahlukahlukene zomzimba, enza ukuqhathanisa okungalindelekile, avumelana kamnandi.

5. Uthingo lwendluzele yinhle futhi ngokumangazayo nemibala yayo enemibala. Kunezinhlobo zezikali ezibomvu zethusi, eziphuzi libalele, ziluhlaza okotshani futhi ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Futhi-ke, izilwane ezinjalo zifuywa ngabathandi bemvelo ekhaya. Izimpondo zalezi zidalwa zigobele phezulu emaphethelweni. Izwe lakubo yi-Australia. Amabhungane ngokuvamile aweqi ku-4 cm ngosayizi, ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhlobo ezincane kakhulu, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwengxenye yesifazane.

6. Indluzele yaseShayina unemihlathi efana nezinyanga ezimbili ezigijimayo ezibukanayo. Ibhungane limnyama futhi licwebezela ngombala. Inhloko yaso nesifuba kunemisipha, kukhule kahle futhi kubanzi ukwedlula isisu esiyindilinga esiyisiyingi ekugcineni. Lezi zinhlobo zinama-subspecies amabili, umehluko phakathi kwawo osezingeni lokuthuthukiswa kwamagunya.

7. Ibhungane le-Titan ihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo futhi ifinyelela kubude obungaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-10. Inekhanda elikhulu, elilingana ngosayizi nawo wonke umzimba. Izimpondo zayo zibukeka njengemikhawulo yezihlakala.

8. URogach Dybowski ezweni lethu uhlala eMpumalanga Ekude, ngaphezu kwalokho, itholakala eChina naseKorea. Leli bhungane alihehi ngokukhethekile ngosayizi, ubude obujwayelekile besilisa bungamasentimitha ayi-5. Izimpondo zalo zigobile, zikhulu. Ama-elytra ajwayelekile kakhulu ansundu, nezinwele eziphuzi zimboze umzimba ngaphezulu. Ingxenye yesifazane ipendwe ngamathoni amnyama kuze kube mnyama namalahle.

9. URogach Grant odabuka eNingizimu Melika. Ungummeleli omkhulu kakhulu womndeni we-stag. Amagunya alo afana namazinyo, agobeke ngendlela efana nezindandatho phansi, embozwe ngamazinyo amancane. Zinde kangangokuba zinkulu kunomzimba wesinambuzane uqobo lwaso. Ingxenye engaphambili yebhungane inombala oluhlaza okotshani onamabala, kanti i-elytra ensundu iyabonakala ngemuva kwawo.

Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala

Kuhlala ibhungane emathafeni, kodwa futhi nasezindaweni ezingezona eziphakeme kakhulu zezintaba. Indawo eyintandokazi yezinambuzane i-oak deciduous, kanye namahlathi ahlanganisiwe. Zitholakala nasezihlahleni, emapaki asehlathini nasemapaki. Amabhungane asezindaweni ezishisayo akhetha amahlathi esundu.

Ama-stet beetle akhona emakoloni, futhi ukuze avele futhi aphile ngempumelelo, amahlathi amadala anenani elikhulu lezihlahla eziwile, amagatsha neziqu zawo, kanye neziqu ezibolile. Iqiniso ukuthi kule ndawo, okungukuthi, ngokhuni olubolile, lapho izibungu zezidalwa ezichazwe zikhula khona.

Ukundiza kwalezi coleoptera ezindaweni ezipholile kuqala ngoMeyi futhi kuhlala amasonto ambalwa. Ngokuqondile, ubude besikhathi bunqunywa yizimo zezulu futhi buyehluka kakhulu kuye ngendawo. Isici sakamuva sithinta nesikhathi sansuku zonke somsebenzi. Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho liwela kusihlwa, kanti amabhungane aseningizimu asebenza emini.

Imvamisa, uhhafu wesilisa uncamela ukukhuphukela emoyeni usebenzisa amaphiko. Kepha amaflaya imvamisa awahambi amabanga angaphezu kwamakhilomitha amathathu, yize ehamba ngokushesha futhi ekwazi ukwenza imizila yokuhamba. Amabhungane aqala kahle kusuka ekuphakameni okuthile futhi kuyaqabukela evela ezingxenyeni eziqondile, ngakho-ke akhetha ukusuka ezihlahleni.

Izilwane zasendle zigcwele izingozi kulezo zidalwa, ngoba izitha zazo ziyizinyoni ezidla inyama: izikhova, izikhova zokhozi, izimpungushe, amagwababa, kanye nezinambuzane, ngokwesibonelo, iminyovu yesinambuzane, inzalo yayo edla izibungu zebhungane ngaphakathi.

Kepha lokhu akuyona ingozi enkulu yezinyamazane. Ngaphansi kwethonya lomuntu, umhlaba uyashintsha, futhi ngawo indawo yalezi zinambuzane, okungukuthi, amahlathi agcwele izinkuni ezibolile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaqoqi bakhangwa ukubukeka okungavamile kwalezi zidalwa. Futhi-ke, ukuhlasela amahlathi, kubangela umonakalo omkhulu kubantu babo.

Yize kunjalo, kusathathwa izinyathelo zokuvikela imidondoshiya enezimpondo. I-Stag beetle e-Red Book noma cha? Vele, hhayi eRussia kuphela, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe amaningi aseYurophu. Abalondolozi bemvelo bazama ukulondoloza amahlathi amadala, ikakhulukazi ama-oki. Izinqolobane zenzelwe ukuzalanisa izinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothuka kwamabhungane.

Ukudla okunomsoco

Izibungu zebhungane zikhula phezu kwezinkuni, zizondle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, azidingi ikhwalithi ephezulu, okungukuthi izinkuni ezifile, ukumane zibole. Futhi abanasithakazelo sokuphila, kodwa izitshalo ezigulayo. Futhi, izinhlobo zazo zibaluleke kakhulu. Ubumnandi obuthandwa yizibungu i-oak pedunculate nezinye izihlahla zehlathi, kepha kuyaqabukela izihlahla zezithelo.

Ukudla okunjalo akusafanele abantu abadala. Yini edliwa yindluzele?? Ngaphezu kwamazolo noju, kudla ujusi wamahlumela amancane ezitshalo. Namanje imidondoshiya ingabizwa ngokoqobo ngokuthi abathandi bemash. Injabulo enkulu kunazo zonke kubo ukuthola i-oki efanelekayo, onqenqemeni lwayo oluqhekeke emakhazeni amakhulu ebusika.

Futhi ngokufika kwezinsuku ezifudumele, ngemifantu eyakhiwe, ebingenasikhathi sokuphola, ibhaka ujusi, omnandi kakhulu futhi omnandi kubhungane. Ingena ngemifantu emisha, kusuka ekushiseni kwelanga lasehlobo elinomusa, iyabila kancane bese iqala ukukhihliza amagwebu.

"Amanxeba" anjalo ezihlahla ze-oki angumthombo ofiselekayo wamandla walezi zinambuzane. Lapho, isiphuzo, sithandwa yiziqhwaga, siyavela. Lapha amabhungane aklaba ngamaqembu, aqoqana emagatsheni ezihlahla. Uma kukhona ujusi omningi, umphakathi odlayo uxhumana ngokuthula. Kepha lapho umthombo uqala ukoma kancane, khona-ke isimo sempi yezindluzele siyabonakala.

Ngokwengxenye enkulu, abesilisa baba ngabaqalisi bezimpi. Emzabalazweni wesiphuzo "somlingo", bahlela imiqhudelwano yangempela enolaka kakhulu. Yilapho ukujwayela okunesiphiwo ngokwemvelo kuza khona - izimpondo ezinkulu. Phela imihlathi engenhla yebhungane futhi zikhona zokulwa.

Ukubulawa kwabantu okunjalo kuvame ukuba umbukwane othokozisayo, futhi imidondoshiya incintisana hhayi ngokuhlekisa, kodwa ngobuqotho. Amandla alezi zidalwa angamaqhawe ngempela. Umuntu kufanele asho nje ukuthi isisindo abasiphakamisayo sidlula esabo izikhathi eziyikhulu. Ngokubeka isitha ezimpondweni, abaphumelele baphonsa abahluliwe egatsheni. Futhi okuqine kakhulu kuhlala emthonjeni obusisiwe.

Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila

Okumelwe kwenziwe ngamaqhawe wesilisa nakho kuyasiza uma kufika isikhathi sokuqhubeka nomjaho wemidondoshiya. Ngamandla agxiliwe, babamba ophathina kunqubo yokuhlangana, engahlala amahora amathathu ubude.

Insikazi eyinsikazi emva kwalokho, kudla ngokubola kwezinkuni, kwakha uhlobo lwamakamelo egxolo. Futhi lapho isikhathi esinqunyelwe yimvelo sifika, sishiya amaqanda kuzo, sezizonke zingabi yizicucu ezingama-20. Ziphuzi emthunzini, zimise okweqanda, ngosayizi omncane: ingxenye yazo evulekile ingamamitha ama-3 ubude.

Ngemuva kwenyanga nohhafu, kuvela izidalwa ezinomzimba othambile, ezinde, ezinombala kakhilimu. Banemilenze yokuhamba; umzimba, oqukethe izingxenye eziningi, nekhanda elibomvu-burgundy, lapho iziqalo "zezimpondo" ezizayo sezivele zibonakala. it izibungu ze-stag beetle... Ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, zigobile njengombungu omncane, futhi njengoba zikhula, zifinyelela kubude obufinyelela ku-14 cm.

Esigabeni esifanayo, ingxenye eyinhloko yempilo yendluzele ezayo iyadlula. Futhi le nkathi ihlala iminyaka eminingana. Kungakanani, akekho owaziyo. Konke kuncike ezimweni lapho lo mzimba uwela khona.

Ubukhona obunjalo bungahlala unyaka noma emibili, kepha ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, hhayi ngaphansi kweminyaka emine, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kube ngaphezu kweziyisithupha noma ngisho eziyisishiyagalombili. Isibungu sihlala ekuboleni kwesihlahla, siyakudla, futhi siphinde silala namagxolo, lapho singaphila ngempumelelo khona ngisho nasemakhazeni amakhulu.

Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi noma unyaka uza lapho ukuzaliseka kwenzeka. Lokhu kwenzeka kaningi ngo-Okthoba. Futhi entwasahlobo ngoMeyi, kwesinye isikhathi ngoJuni, kuvela ibhungane elidala emhlabeni. Isidlakela esinezimpondo uqobo asiphili isikhathi eside, cishe inyanga noma ngaphezulu. Ufeza imisebenzi yokuzala ngokwemvelo futhi afe.

Ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa kwasekhaya

Izinambuzane ezinjalo zizalwa futhi azisakazeki ngokwemvelo kuphela. Abantu bafuya la mabhungane ngemininingwane engaphandle ebabazekayo. Okokuqala, lokhu kwenzelwa ukubuyisa inani lezindluzele.

Ukukhula kwabo kanye nentuthuko yabo kudalwa izimo ezifanele, kwakhiwa amaphiramidi wangempela wokubola kwe-oki. Isisekelo salezi "zindlu" sakhiwa iziqu zemithi eziqhutshelwa enhlabathini yehlathi. Futhi kule microclimate enhle, kufakwa amabhungane, kukhula izibungu ze-stag futhi zijabule.

Abalandeli bezinambuzane bazalela amabhungane ekhaya, okubanikeza ithuba lokubuka impilo yalezi zidalwa. Abalimi abangochwepheshe nabo batshala izinhlobo ezinhle zamabhungane ezindlu ezidayiswayo. Le nqubo inzima futhi yinde, idinga ukubekezela nolwazi oludingekayo. Futhi kuhamba kanjena.

Iziqukathi ezifanelekile ziyathathwa (akukhathalekile ukuthi yiziphi izinto) futhi zimbozwe ngosisi. Amasende ezinsikazi ayafakwa kuwo. Manje into esemqoka ukuhlinzeka kuleli kheji eduze komswakama wemvelo nokushisa.

Lapha, ukulawula ngokucophelela ukuthuthukiswa kwezibungu kuyadingeka ukuze kungagcini nje ngokuqinisekisa ukwakheka kwazo okulungile, kepha futhi nokuzivikela ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane nezifo zefungal. Uma konke kwenziwa ngendlela efanele, eminyakeni emihlanu umhlaba uzobona isimangaliso - ibhungane lasekhaya, mhlawumbe hhayi noyedwa. Lezi zilwane ezifuywayo zondliwa nge-ushukela isiraphu, ongangeza kuyo ijusi noma uju.

Izinzuzo nokulimaza abantu

Yonke imvelo idinga i-ecosystem. Ingalimaza ezinye izinhlobo zebhayoloji, kepha empeleni izuzisa ezinye ngenxa yalokho, ngoba imvelo iyahambisana. Kepha imidondoshiya yethu enezimpondo ayifani ngandlela thile.

Ngokugedla amakamelo amaqanda nokudla izinkuni ezibolile esigabeni sebungu, amabhungane awazilimazi izihlahla. Azizithinti izitshalo eziphilayo, ngakho-ke, asinakusho ukuthi lezi zinambuzane zilimaza amahlathi nezindawo eziluhlaza. Bathanda ukubola kuphela, ngakho-ke abazonakalisi izakhiwo zamapulangwe zomuntu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokudla iziqu ezibolile, iziphunzi kanye namagatsha, amabhungane ahlanze ihlathi futhi alihlelekile, okusho ukuthi anomphumela omuhle kuyo yonke imvelo, kubandakanya nabantu. Kukhona nezinsumansumane zokuthi lezi zidalwa ziyakwazi ukulimaza abantu noma izilwane ezinkulu ngezimpondo zazo. Konke lokhu kungukusungulwa okungenanjongo. Izidalwa ezincane nazo azihlushwa amabhungane ama-stag, ngoba azidli inyama.

Ngakho-ke kuvela ukuthi ngaphezu kwezinzuzo insect stag beetle akulethi lutho, ekubeni eyisidlakela esingenabungozi ngokuphelele, yize sibukeka siyesabisa, sinamaphondo. Okuwukuphela kwayo okuyimidondoshiya enezimpondo eyingozi kubo yilolu hlobo lwayo. Futhi kunjalo, ngoba izinambuzane ezinjalo zinolaka kakhulu komunye nomunye.

Amaqiniso Athandekayo

Izinyoni ezingama-stags ziyizidalwa ezimangalisayo, ngakho-ke impilo yazo imane nje iqukethe izinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo. Amaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo asetsheliwe phambilini. Kepha kukhona futhi engingathanda ukukungeza ngezimpondo ezinhle zalezi zidalwa nezinye izinto ezithile.

  • Amabhungane ezinyamazana ayaziwa ukuthi akwazi ukundiza. Kodwa izimpondo zazo ezinkulu zamagatsha zingena endleleni yazo emoyeni. Ukugcina ibhalansi yabo, kufanele bathathe ukuma okumi mpo phakathi nezindiza;
  • Amabhungane amancane anezimpondo kusukela ezikhathini zokuqala zokuba khona kwawo. Njengoba sekushiwo, badinga lezi zinsiza ukulwa namanye amabhungane. Kuphela manje ukuhlaselwa kwamasosha kuzo kwenza kungazwakali ngokushesha, kodwa ngaphansi kwethonya lezimo. Uma zingekho izizathu ezikhethekile, amabhungane, yize engakhombisi ubungani obukhulu kohlobo lwawo, awagcini inzondo;
  • Amandla wamabhungane ayizinyoni angubufakazi obuqand 'ikhanda bokuthi ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kusebenza ngokukhalipha. Uma imihlathi yamabhungane ibingagcinwa isesimweni sayo sokuqala, okungukuthi, ngemikhawulo ebukhali ekhona yokugaya ukudla, njengokhokho bayo abakude kakhulu, ukuthokozela kwabesilisa kungaholela ekufeni kwabantu abaningi, ngakho-ke ngalo lonke uhlobo. Kepha ama-giants-strongmen akwazi ukubakhulisa ngezimpondo zabo futhi alahle isitha ngemiphumela emincane kuye;
  • Izinyamazane zezindluzele azingalweli nje kuphela ukudla, kodwa futhi zilwela nelungelo lokuba nesifazane. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwempi, bazama ukuhlaba umxhwele isitha ngokushesha. Kulokhu-ke, amabhungane ayama emilenzeni yawo yangemuva, avuke futhi abonise amandla awo;
  • Izimpondo, okungukuthi, imihlathi ephezulu, zisebenza njengezikhali zabesilisa. Kodwa abesifazane baluma ngemihlathi yabo engezansi, futhi kunzima impela;
  • Le khathuni, eyayingeyokuqala ukushicilelwa ngo-1910, yenze ibhungane laba yinsikazi laduma umhlaba wonke. Kusukela lapho, izinambuzane ezinjalo seziyathandwa ngempela, futhi isithombe sazo sivele ezinhlamvwini zemali nasezitempeleni zokuposa.

Imisebenzi yabantu ithinta kabi inani lalezi zidalwa ezihlukile. Iyancipha ngokushesha, kanti izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo uqobo lwazo zithathwa njengezisengozini, yize kunezinyathelo zokuzivikela ezisebenzayo. Ukuze kudonswe ukunaka kwabantu kule nkinga, leli bhungane liyaziwa kaningi emazweni amaningi njengesinambuzane sonyaka. Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu kwenzeka ngo-2012 eJalimane.

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