Isikhova esinamalebe amafushane - inyoni edla inyama, okuvela ezikhathini zasendulo ibhekwa njengophawu lokuhlakanipha, umngane kankulunkulu uVeles. Izithombe zale nyoni emangalisayo zitholakala ezinhlamvwini zemali zamaGrikhi. Uthakatha ngemfihlakalo yakhe, amehlo amakhulu, amehlo ahlabayo, imisindo engaqondakali.
EMpumalanga, abameleli bezinhlobo abethukile, babeyizimbangela zokufa. Ngokomlando, bekukholelwa ukuthi umuntu osemusha waqala ukundiza kuphela ngemuva kokuncishwa amehlo abazali bakhe. AbaseGibhithe nabase-Afrika bakuthatha njengophawu lobumnyama. Abantu baseSlavic babekholelwa ukuthi isikhova sasiyisithunywa samashwa, esasibangelwa ukuxhumana namandla amnyama.
Iziteketiso ezingathandeki zibeka lowo muntu onqenqemeni lokubhujiswa. ERussia kukhona incwadi (incwadi ebomvu yezifunda zeRussian Federation), equkethe imininingwane ngenani labameleli bezilwane zezifunda, ikhombisa ubungozi bokuqothulwa. Ukuphendula lo mbuzo, ngabe kuyacatshangelwa isikhova esinamalebe amafushane encwadini ebomvu noma cha, ornithologists kanye nososayensi bezocwaningo babhekisa kumanyuwali nezincwadi zokubhekisela ezihlanganiswe emazweni ahlukene.
Kwezinye izifundazwe zase-Asia, iYurophu neMelika, kubhekwa njengengcuphe, kanti eRussia kuyisigaba esinobungozi obuncane bokuqothulwa. Isikhova asibeki ingozi kubantu, izakhiwo eziningi kuthiwa zenziwa ngephutha. Ngobuhlakani, uphansi kunamagwababa, upholi futhi akazinikeli ekuqeqesheni.
Incazelo nezici
Izikhova ziyiqembu lezinyoni ezidla inyama, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezingama-220. Banombono oyingqayizivele. Ngokungafani nezinye izinyoni, amehlo aphambili. Le nyoni ithambekele ngokuphelele ebumnyameni, ibala kahle ukuthi lingakanani ibanga okumele limbozwe kulitshe. Izinsalela zokuqala zezinyoni ezifana nezikhova zesimanje zatholwa eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-70 edlule.
Izinyoni ze-Owl zihlala kuwo wonke amazwe omhlaba, ngaphandle kwase-Antarctica nakwezinye izindawo zaseGreenland. Izikhova azikwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade, ngakho-ke azihlali eziqhingini zoLwandlekazi iPacific. Ezinye izinhlobo zihlala ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo, ezinye - ngaphesheya kwe-Arctic Circle.
Ehlathini noma emathafeni, umbala wezimpaphe ubuswa amathoni ampunga noma ansundu, ezindaweni ezineqhwa - ezikhanyayo (ezimhlophe). Lesi simo sivumela lowo muntu ukuthi angabonakali ezitheni nakubantu abahlukunyezwayo. Isikhova esinamalebe amafushane esithombeni kubukeka kungokwemvelo, izimpawu zangaphandle ziboniswa ngokusobala.
Bonke abamele banokubukeka okufanayo, isakhiwo samathambo. Zihlukile ngombala nangosayizi. Ukudla nemikhuba yezinyoni ezihlala ezindaweni eziseningizimu, enkabeni nasenyakatho kwehlukile. Zisetshenziswa njengokudla kwezilwane ezincelisayo, ezihuquzelayo, izinambuzane, izinyoni kanye namagundane.
Okuhlukile yisikhova se-elf. Uyisikhonyane. Ama-Scops owls adla izinambuzane. Izimpaphe ezizacile ezimpondweni, ezindlebeni, nasemlonyeni zisebenza njengohlobo "lwendawo" lapho isikhova sizwa khona ingozi. Isikhova singumzingeli wasebusuku, kepha ezinye izinhlobo (ezinamacici) ziphapheme ekuseni ngovivi noma kusihlwa.
Inyoni uqobo ikhetha isikhathi sokuzingela, ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha. Usaba ukuthi uzoba sengozini enkulu ebusuku. Le ndlela yokuphila iholwa yizinhlobo ezincane. Izikhova zingabamba ngekhanda umgwaqo, zazi ukuthi ziholelaphi, zihlele indiza yazo. Le enezimpaphe inezimpaphe ezithambile.
Imiphetho engaphandle yezimpaphe zokundiza inokungajwayelekile (amazinyo) okusika ukuhamba komoya, okuqinisekisa ukundiza buthule. Okuhlukile yisikhova sokhozi, esingenazo izigaxa emaphikweni aso. Ukundiza kwayo kungazwakala, kepha lesi simo asiphazamisi ukuzingela izinhlanzi.
Njengoba ephendula ngokushesha, ukuzwa okubucayi, ukubona okubukhali, umuntu uthola kalula ukudla futhi ubhekana kahle nesisulu esikhulu kunaso. Njengoba ingenawo amazinyo, idabula ukubamba kube yizicucu ngezinzipho nomlomo ocijile, iyazondla futhi yondla amaphuphu.
Intamo eguquguqukayo ngokungavamile ivumela inyoni ukuthi iphendulele ikhanda layo kolunye uhlangothi. Umbono wesikhova ubonakala ngamehlo, uyindawo. Ubona ngamehlo amabili ngasikhathi sinye. Abafundi basabela ekukhanyeni ngokushintsha ngosayizi. Amehlo aqiniswe ngokuqinile kumasokhethi, ane-angle enkulu yokubuka - afinyelela kuma-degree ayi-160.
Isikhova sibona kahle kude kakhulu, futhi eduze - izithombe zezinto zifiphele. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi, umbono akuyona into eyinhloko yokuzingela. Umuntu ulalele kahle.
Uyazingela, ecashe endaweni yokukhosela, unquma indawo yezilwane ngomsindo. Izindlebe ezingemuva kwediski yobuso zinezinhlobo eziningana zezikhova, kokunye ukuvuleka kokuzwa kufihlwe ngaphansi kwezimpaphe, okukhombisa umsindo. Ekuhwalala, le nyoni ibheke ngokuphelele.
Izinhlobo
EYurophu, izinhlobo eziyi-10 zihlala, eRussia - 17. Isikhova seBrahmin esingezinhlobo ezincane. Usayizi wayo awudluli kunenkanyezi. Kungaba isisulu somfowethu omkhulu. Isikhova siyasebenza kusihlwa; izinyoni zidla kakhulu ekudleni. Isikhova ukhozi sithathwa njengezinyoni ezinkulu. Inkulu kunegwababa. IGrey Owl iyinhlobo ejwayelekile yesikhova.
Owesilisa unesililo sokubiza esibuhlungu. Insikazi yenza imisindo ehluke ngokuphelele. Isikhova esifushane - inyoni, ebonakala "ngokucula" okubhangqiwe. Eyesilisa inesililo esikhudlwana kunesesifazane. Izikhova ziyaxhumana ngemisindo. Bacinga ophathina, bazise abanye abesilisa nabangenayo ukuthi le ndawo ihlala abantu.
Izidleke ezindlini zezinye izinyoni, onqenqemeni lwezihlahla, utshani, inhlabathi, emashedini, emigodini. Isibonelo, isikhova sihlala phansi noma emadwaleni. I-Barn owl - ngaphansi kophahla lwendawo engahlali abantu. Isikhova esifushane - otshanini.
Isikhova siyisici esivelele esimisweni semvelo sesikhova. Uyazwela kakhulu, futhi uma kunomsindo kakhulu eduze kwendawo ahlala kuyo, uyamshiya. Isikhova esincane sihlangana eduze nabantu. Isikhova esinamaqabunga amfushane singaphansi kwesigaba sama-vertebrate anegazi elifudumele, okubhekwa njenge-oda elihlukile - izikhova. Kukhona iqembu lemindeni emibili emikhulu:
1. Izikhova.
2. Isikhova seBarn.
Izikhova. Ihlukaniswe yaba yisizukulwane: Eared, Owl, Owl and Scops owl. Izikhova ezinamaqhubu amade nezinqe ezimfushane zibonakala ngokuma okuhlukile. Amehlo azungezile asawolintshi nophuzi atholakala kwi-disc ebusweni yekhanda. Izikhova ziyehluka kwezinye izinhlobo ngokuba khona kwezindlebe.
Ukuvuleka kwezindlebe kumbozwe amafolda esikhumba, embozwe izimpaphe, futhi atholakala ngokulingana. Umsindo awufinyeleli endlebeni ngayinye ngasikhathi sinye. Isifanekiso sibala ibanga ngokunemba okukhulu. Isikhova sithola imisindo engatholakali kubantu.
Izimpiko ezinde, zimbozwe izingqimba eziningana zezimpaphe zeterry, zimboza umzimba ngokuphelele. Isikhova esinamaqabunga amafushane sifudukela ezindaweni ezifudumele minyaka yonke ekwindla. Akabuyeli lapho abehlala khona. Iphunga lenyoni alithuthukiswa.
Isikhova seBarn. Izikhova zeBarn zibalwe kuRed Book futhi zihlala eKrasnoyarsk Territory yaseRussia. Azakhi izidleke, zihlala emifantwini, ngaphansi kophahla. Ixhaphozi - umuntu oyimizulane, undiza esuka endaweni eyodwa eya kwenye, efuna izimo ezingcono. Izimpaphe Zesikhova Esifushane mnyama, inhloko inkulu kunaleyo yesikhova sesibaya.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Umuntu onezimpaphe akabonakali ngaphandle, angalahleka kalula otshanini nasemadlelweni. Isisindo - kufika ku-500 amagremu, ubude - kuze kube isigamu semitha. Isikhova esinamaqabunga amafushane sihlala kuzo zonke izifunda, ukuzivumelanisa nesimo sezulu.
Enye yezinhlobo eziningi eRussia. Izimpiko zenyoni zinombala onsundu ngokukhanyayo, izimpaphe esiswini zinsundu ngokumpunga. Owesifazane akahlukile ngombala kowesilisa, kodwa uyamdlula ngosayizi. Uhlobo kuphela lwezikhova ezaziyo ukwakha izidleke zazo.
Bahlala emasimini nasemadlelweni aseduze kwechibi, bahlala bodwa, ngababili, abahlali esidlekeni. Owesilisa ubamba isidleke nendawo; angahlala endaweni eyodwa impilo yakhe yonke. Kepha uma ezwa ingozi, uyasuka lapho angabe esabuya.
Abesifazane abahlukile ngokuqina kwendawo. Bahola impilo "yokuzulazula", njengezikhova ezinamalebe amade nezikhova ezinombala obomvu. Bakhetha indawo lapho kunokudla okwengeziwe khona, akukho bungozi futhi kunezimo ezinhle zempilo. Isikhova asibuyeli lapho besivele sihlala khona. Ukuphakama kwendiza kungeqi kumamitha ayi-100, imvamisa kungamamitha ayi-50.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Izinyoni zikhetha izindawo zazo zokuhlala unomphela ziholwa yimigomo yokuphepha kanye nokutholakala kokudla. Ukudla kwesikhova esifushane amagundane amancane, izinambuzane, izinyoni nezinyoka. Uzingela kusihlwa, hhayi kancane emini. Ngenxa yombala wayo, le nyoni ayibonakali, ihlangana nezihlahla, utshani nomhlabathi.
Uqinisa igatsha ngezinzipho zakhe, azifihle ngaphansi kwesizinda esizungezile. Emhlabathini, izimpaphe cishe azibonakali, ngakho-ke, kuvame ukuba yisisulu lapho kulinywa amasimu. Ijubane lokundiza buthule lincane, kepha ukunemba kokunquma izixhumanisi zesisulu kumvumela ukuthi azondle futhi ondle inzalo yakhe.
Ugwinya ukudla kuphelele noma akuklebhule. Kamuva, ibuyisa izingxenyana ezicindezelwe zoboya, amathambo nezimpaphe. Abaqaphi bezinyoni bahamba bezungeza izindawo zokuhlala futhi baqoqe izigaxa, bathole indlela yokudla. Ukuhlakanipha okuphansi kunxeshezelwa yimizwelo yemvelo eyenziwe ngokuphelele.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Izinyunyana zokubambana kwesikhova zakheka kanye, zikhwelana ngokushesha lapho iqhwa liqala ukuncibilika. Inqubo uqobo ihlala kumasekhondi ama-5. Amaqanda omthunzi okhanyayo (omhlophe) abekwa insikazi esidlekeni esihlonyisiwe. Unyathela utshani endaweni eyi-hummock emathafeni ezikhukhula, uyisontela phansi. Ingaphansi lesidleke alinawo phansi.
Umuntu ubeka amaqanda esamba sezingcezu ezi-6 - 8 ngqo emhlabathini. Inzalo ikhombisa kufika ezinsukwini ezingama-28, ngokuhlukile. Owesilisa ubambe iqhaza ekondleni. Ngemuva kwesonto, amatshwele athuthukisa izitho zokubona nokuzwa, uqhwaku nezidladla kuba mnyama. I-generic fluff ayipheli. Iyakhula ibuyele emuva, esikhundleni sayo kube nezimpaphe zokuqala ezibucayi.
Ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu iphuphu lesikhova esifushane ishiya isidleke, kepha ayihambi ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-15. Abazali balawula futhi bondle amaphuphu, bavame ukundiza baye emaxhaphozini beyofuna ukudla. Bayashintshana ngokuqapha ukuphepha kwezingane, engozini encane, bakhipha imisindo ekhethekile. Izwi lesikhova esinamaqabunga amafushane, ngezikhathi zengozi, lifana nokuqhekeka.
Ikhala kakhulu futhi ilingise ukuzamula, izama ukuxosha isitha kude namachwane. Isikhova sihlasela ngokungenasibindi isilwane esikhulukazi kunaso. Kwesinye isikhathi iphuma inqobile empini engalingani, inwaya futhi ilimaze isitha ngozipho nangoqhwaku lwayo. Isikhathi sokuphila komuntu sifushane, cishe iminyaka eyi-13. Ingozi enkulu yezinyoni imelwe yizilwane ezidla ezinye - izimpungushe, izimpisi, izinkozi, oklebe.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
Isikhova esinamalebe amafushane sindiza sisuka ezindaweni ngezindawo sifuna impilo engcono. Izimpaphe zakhe zimnyama, ikhanda lakhe likhulu kunelesikhova sesibaya. Ngokusho kwabaqaphi bezinyoni, izindlebe nazo zisebenza ukufihla. Ngokubukeka kobuso, unganquma imizwa, uqonde ukuthi yini ngempela umuntu ayifunayo.
Uma izimpaphe ezindlebeni zisendaweni evundlile ekhululekile, ukuqapha akubonwa - isikhova asesabi lutho. Lapho iphapheme, iphakamisa izimpaphe ezindlebeni ngama-degree angama-45. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, isikhova siyanqaba ukuthuthela.
Kulokhu, ukukhwelana kungenzeka ebusika. Abaqaphi bezinyoni babalula ubunzima ekubaleni izinhlobo zezilwane esifundeni. Baqopha imisindo (ukukhala) kwezikhova kwirekhodi le-dictaphone inani labaphendulile ekurekhodweni okwenziwe kabusha, bashintsha indawo yokufunda.
Imisindo ekhishwa isikhova ifana ne-hooting. Akahlali ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esishisa kakhulu, uhlala ogwini nasezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi. Isikhova sinesakhiwo sezidladla esithakazelisayo. Uzipho oluqinile olubukhali likuvumela ukuthi ungaphuthelwa isisulu, ukuvikela abaphikisi. Ukuhamba komuntu, izici zokubona nokuzwa, kunquma ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene.
