Kunezinombolo ezinhle kakhulu zezinyoni ezinhle kakhulu futhi ezimangalisayo emhlabeni wethu. Akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ngezikwele, izingadi, amasimu namahlathi ngaphandle kwazo nokucula kwazo. Bagcwalisa umhlaba obazungezile ngokucula okumnandi nangazo zonke izinhlobo zemikhono yezimpaphe. Omunye wabamele abakhaliphile bomhlaba onezimpaphe ngu roller, ngakho ngokuningiliziwe ngezansi.
Incazelo nezici
I-Roller ejwayelekile inyoni eyingqayizivele, ingeyomndeni wakwaRollerbone ne-oda likaRaksheiformes. Unezimpaphe ezihehayo ezichichimayo, futhi zibukeka zihlaba umxhwele kakhulu esibhakabhakeni. Isitayela sendiza siyashesha kakhulu futhi siyashesha, amaphiko ashaya aqinile futhi abukhali.
Inhloko yomuntu ngamunye, isifuba namaphiko avela ngaphakathi anethoni engavamile ecebile eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokuguquka okuluhlaza okotshani.
Ingemuva inombala onsundu nokugqwala, enoshintsho olubushelelezi ekuqaleni komsila lube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-mnyama ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Iphiko le-roller yakhelwe ngenhlanganisela yezithunzi zasezulwini neziluhlaza, nezinguquko ezimnyama kuzeluleko.
Inyoni eyi-roller ngosayizi ifana ne-jackdaw noma i-magpie. Unezici ezilandelayo:
- ubude obufinyelela ku-30-35 cm;
- isisindo singaba ngu-240 gr .;
- umthethosisekelo muhle, uyalingana;
- ukusabalala kwephiko kufinyelela kuma-22 cm, ubude bephiko bungamasentimitha angama-65;
- imilenze emide enombala wesihlabathi;
- emlenzeni ngamunye, izinzwane ezintathu zibhekiswe phambili enye yabuyiselwa emuva;
- ikhanda lomuntu omdala likhulu entanyeni emfushane;
- uqhwaku lwamithunzi amnyama, aqinile futhi anamandla, noma esesimweni, onqenqemeni lwengxenye engenhla ngendlela yehhuku.
Le nyoni inokuhlukahluka - i-hard bristle-like vibrissae (isitho sokuthinta) ibekwa ezansi komlomo. Lezi zinhlobo zihamba ebusweni bomhlaba ngokugxuma okungahambi kahle, ngakho-ke ithanda ukubheka inyamazane emagatsheni ezihlahla.
Le nyoni indiza ngezikhathi ezithile, ikhuphuke futhi yehle phansi. Indiza imvamisa yeqa amamitha ayi-200-250. Izwi likaRoller iyakhwifa futhi inzima, ikhumbuza umsindo "muhle ngokwengeziwe". Abesifazane nabesilisa cishe abahlukile komunye nomunye.
Lalela i-Roller Singing
Izinhlobo
Kunezinhlobo eziyi-8 emndenini wakwaRoller, okukhona kuzo kuphela izinhlobo ezivamile ezihlala ezingxenyeni zaseYurophu naseningizimu yeRussia.
Uhlobo ngalunye lunezici zalo:
1. ILilac-breasted Roller ivelela ikakhulukazi ngombala wayo we-variegated. Isifuba siyi-lilac esinombala we-violet, ikhanda nesifunda se-occipital siluhlaza, futhi amehlo anomugqa omhlophe. Umbala osele ufana nomuntu ojwayelekile. Le nyoni ihlala e-Afrika kuphela. Indlela aphila ngayo ihlala phansi. Inama-subspecies amabili.
2. I-Abyssinian Roller... Izinhlobonhlobo azivamile, zihlala eSikhungweni se-Afrika, zinombala omangalisayo, ukudla kuyizinambuzane, amagundane amancane.
3. I-Blue-bellied Roller... Umuntu uhlukaniswa ngombala oluhlaza omnyama ngemuva, ukhilimu ekhanda. Uhlala eCentral Africa, udla umuhlwa. Abantu banokuziphatha okucacile kwendawo - zonke izinyoni ezizithola esidlekeni ziyahlaselwa.
4. I-Bengal Roller linombala webele onsundu, hhayi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Uhlala emasimini nasemadlelweni aseNingizimu Asia, eNhlonhlweni yase-Arabia kuya eChina, eNdiya. Ayifuduki, kepha yenza izindiza ezihamba amabanga amafushane ngesikhathi sonyaka ongekho. Le nyoni yaduma ngokuvivinya umzimba kwabesilisa ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Uthanda ukubhukuda futhi abambe izinhlanzi ezincane. Inama-subspecies amathathu. Izifundazwe eziningana zaseNdiya zikhethe le nyoni njengophawu.
5. I-Sulawesian Roller... Umhlobo lo unombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ocebile nombala ompunga ekhanda nasemsileni. Izinhlobo ezingavamile zase-Indonesia.
6. I-roller eboshwe ebomvu iqanjwe kanjalo, ngesigqoko sayo esiphansi sombala obomvu ekhanda lezimpaphe. Isifuba naso sinethoni ebomvu ngokubomvu. Le nyoni ihlala phansi, ihlala ezindaweni ezise-Afrika eningizimu yeSahara, idla ofezela, izicabucabu kanye nezibankwa.
7. I-Rocket-Tailed Roller... Umuntu uhlala emazweni amaningana eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Afrika. Lathola igama lalo ezimpapheni ezinde emaphethelweni omsila. Ngombala, ifana nokujwayelekile, kepha inombala omhlophe ekhanda.
Umndeni uhlukanisa umndeni omncane ongajwayelekile ohlala eMadagascar kuphela - ama-rakshas obumba. Lezi zinyoni zinamahloni amakhulu futhi zigijima ngokushesha emhlabathini zifuna ukudla phakathi kotshani. Zinemilenze enamandla kakhulu futhi emide. Zakha izidleke zazo emhlabathini emigodini.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Ngisho emashumini eminyaka adlule, iRoller ejwayelekile yatholakala ezindaweni ezinkulu zaseYurophu. Kepha ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okwandisiwe, ukusetshenziswa komanyolo wamakhemikhali emasimini kuncishe lolu hlobo ithuba lokuhlala endaweni yalo ejwayelekile. Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho neYurophu, izinombolo zezinhlobo, ngeshwa, cishe eziyizinkulungwane eziyikhulu, ekugcineni. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu zebanga, ngokuphambene nalokho, izinhlobo zezinhlobo zikhulu.
I-Roller iyinyoni ejwayelekile efudukayo, futhi ibuyela ezindaweni zayo zokwakha izidleke ngo-Ephreli, bese indizela ebusika emazweni ashisayo ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Ngaphambi kwenkathi yokukhwelana, abantu bahlala bodwa. Izindawo lapho Roller uhlala Inabile impela, ikakhulukazi amahlathi asemaqeleni nezindawo ezisemaqeleni:
- Eningizimu yeYurophu, ihlala emazweni aseSpain, eFrance naseJalimane. ISpain.
- Yonke iMpumalanga Yurophu.
- Kwamanye amaphuzu aseningizimu yeScandinavia.
- ISiberia eseNingizimu.
- I-Asia Ephakathi.
- I-India, iPakistan.
- Amazwe ase-Afrika kanye ne-Australia.
Ezweni lethu, izinyoni zingabonakala eMoscow nasendaweni yaseMoscow, eSt. Petersburg, eKaliningrad, eKazan, empumalanga kuya e-Altai Territory. Kunezindawo zokuhlala ezingxenyeni ezisempumalanga ye-Urals. Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu elidlule, enyakatho nasentshonalanga nesifunda sase-Ivanovo, le nyoni yayindiza njalo ehlobo. Manje kulezi zindawo, ososayensi bayavuma ukuthi amathuba okufaka izidleke angadluli ngababili abambalwa - ngeshwa.
URoller uthanda ukuhlala emigodini, emagqumeni asogwini nasemadwaleni, ehlathini likaphayini, emapaki. Izingadi, iminyezane nama-oki nakho kuyayidonsela le nyoni. Esikhawini se-steppe, izinyoni zithanda ukuhlala, ugu lwemifula, amawa nezindawo eziwugwadule zilungele bona. Lezi zinyoni zingakhuphuka zifike kumamitha ayi-3000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle ezintabeni ukwakha izindawo zokwakha izidleke emaweni amakhulu.
Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, izinyoni zihola impilo yokufuduka bese ziqala ukubuthana ebusika ngoSepthemba. Ezindaweni ezishisayo eCaucasus, inhlonhlo yaseCrimea, i-roller rolling ihlala kuze kube ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Ukuhamba ngamaqembu amancane abantu, indlela eyodwa - eya e-Afrika. Emazweni ashisayo nasenkabazwe, le nyoni ihlala phansi.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ama-roller adla kakhulu ngokudla okubukhoma, kuyilapho emnivorous. Izinyoni zibuka inyamazane yazo phezulu, zihleli esihlokweni sesihlahla, ifula, izingodo eziphakeme, nezintambo zikagesi. Ukudla kuvame ukufaka:
- izinambuzane ezinkulu, entwasahlobo - amabhungane, futhi kusukela maphakathi nehlobo - izinkumbi;
- imisundu, iminyovu, izimpukane;
- izibankwa zincane;
- kaningi - amagundane amancane namaxoxo;
- amajikijolo, izithelo nembewu - ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa.
Ukubona inyamazane evela phezulu, iRoller indizela phansi ngejubane lombani bese iyayihlasela ngomlomo wayo oqinile. Lapho kubanjwa igundane elincane, lenyoni iphakama nayo iye phezulu esibhakabhakeni bese liyiphonsa izikhathi eziningana emhlabathini. Futhi kuphela lapho iqala khona ukudla.
Kukhona enye inketho ayisebenzisayo, kanye nesisulu, lowo muntu ugibela esihlahleni. Ibambe inyamazane ngomsila ngomlomo wayo, iyishaya ngamandla ikhanda layo liqinile. Le nyoni izokwenza lokhu ize ikholwe ukuthi isisulu asisaphili. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho isisulu sizodliwa khona.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
Unyaka nonyaka, iRoller indiza isuka eningizimu iye ezifundeni ezifanayo zokwakha izidleke, ngoba lapho ihlala khona ikhetha imigodi ezihlahleni noma emifantwini yamadwala. Isidleke se-roller esakhiwe endlini esibhidlikile, esibayeni, kanye nasemithonjeni endala, esomile. Amabhulo aguqulelwe isidleke sezinyoni angatholakala emazingeni ahluke kakhulu, zombili eduzane nomhlaba nasezintabeni eziphakeme kuze kufike kumamitha angama-23-30.
Ezindaweni ezingasogwini, emhlabathini othambile, le nyoni ikwazi ukumba umgodi ongaphezu kwesigamu semitha ubude, indawo ekuminki ingu-10-15 cm. Ekupheleni kwayo, kwakhiwa igumbi lokuhlala elihle (30-50 cm), ukuphakama kwezindonga kungafika kumasentimitha angama-20. inani elincanyana lamakhambi owomile namahlamvu. Ukuntuleka kwaphansi nakho kungenzeka.
Entwasahlobo, ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokukhwelana, abesilisa bakhuphukela endaweni ehloniphekile, bekhala ngokungazelelwe, ukukhala okubukhali, bese kuthi ukwehla kube phansi, okwenza ngasikhathi sinye futhi kube nemisindo ebukhali enamandla, imema insikazi. Kule midanso ye-acrobatic enezingoma ezifana nesililo esithi "cancer-cancer", kwakukhona elinye igama le-roller - i-raksha.
Amaqanda e-roller cishe amasentimitha amathathu ngevolumu, ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaJuni, owesifazane ubeka izingcezu eziyisithupha ngasikhathi sinye - ziyacwebezela, zimhlophe. Njengoba amaqanda ebekwa zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbili, ukuqanduselwa kwenzeka eqandeni lokuqala. Bobabili abantu babamba iqhaza kulokhu.
Lo mbhangqwana uvikela ngenkuthalo isidleke phakathi naso sonke isikhathi sokufukamela kanye nokondla amaphuphu. Kamuva Amaphuphu e-rollerlokho kuchamusela isikhathi eside ukufa ngenxa yokungondleki. Ngenxa yalokho, kusinda kuphela abanamandla kunani labantu abangu-2-3. Kukho konke ukudla kwezinyoni, indawo yokuchamisela ayihlanzwa.
Amachwane achanyuselwa ekukhanyeni enqunu ngokuphelele futhi engaboni. Kwaphela amasonto ama-4-5, abazali ngokungakhathali bondla izingane zabo bese bezifudumeza ngemfudumalo yazo. Ngemuva kwezimpaphe, abasha bazama ukushiya isidleke, ngenkathi behlala besondele.
Futhi abazali bayaqhubeka nokubondla. Kubantu abasha, umbala awukakhanyi njengezinyoni ezivuthiwe; bazothola umbala ogqamile oluluhlaza kuphela ngemuva konyaka. Ekupheleni kwenkathi yehlobo, inzalo entsha ifudukela eningizimu.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Intsha iqala ukufuna izithandani ineminyaka emibili. Ngokwezibalo, le nyoni ihola impilo ephelele iminyaka eyi-8-9. Kepha kukhona amacala aziwayo okuphila kwakhe kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10-12. Kukho konke ukuphila kwayo, izinyoni ezimbili zingakhula zifike kuma-20-22 amaphuphu. Uma kukhishwa ihlobo elinemvula nelibandayo ngonyaka, khona-ke amaRoller ngeke azale. Lezi zinyoni zithanda isimo sezulu esifudumele ngokweqile.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
I-Roller inezici ezithile ezingavamile kakhulu nezithakazelisayo:
- Inyoni inempahla ethile: ngesikhathi sengozi, lowo muntu ukhipha imfihlo esiswini, ngephunga elibi. Lokhu kusabisa izilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye. Futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, inyoni iyazisindisa futhi ivikele indawo yayo yokwakha amachwane ekuhlaselweni.
- Izinyoni, lapho sezike zakha umbhangqwana, zihlala zithembekile komunye nomunye kuze kube sekupheleni kwezimpilo zazo.
- Eminyakeni engama-30 edlule, inani lalezi zinhlobo lehle kakhulu. EYurophu, ngenxa yemvelo nokuqothulwa kwamahlathi, nasemazweni aseningizimu (India) - isizathu sokudubula ngenxa yenyama emnandi. Inyoni ivame ukuzingelwa ukuzijabulisa, ukugxusha, ukuthengisa.
- Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi budedengu kanye notshani bangesikhathi sonyaka nasekwindla kushiya izinyoni ziphoqa ukuthi zifune ezinye izindawo zokuhlala nendawo yokwakha izidleke.
- Kunamaqiniso aziwa ngokuhlala kwamaqembu ngamabili emgodini owodwa omkhulu, lapho umbhangqwana ngamunye unesidleke sawo esikhulu. “Endlini ehlangene” enjalo izinyoni azikwazi ukungqubuzana nokukhulisa amatshwele azo.
- Roller esithombeni futhi le vidiyo iyathandeka ngobuhle bayo obukhanyayo nomusa wayo - ibukeka njengenyoni eyandiza isuka epharadesi.
- Ososayensi barekhode ikhono le-Roller lokudlulisa amatshwele lisuka kwesinye isidleke liye kwesinye - kuphazamisa kakhulu futhi kuyingozi, futhi kuyinhlekisa ngenyoni.
- Ezifundeni eziseningizimu zezwe lethu, kunezimo lapho izinyoni esezikhulile sezifukamele amaqanda "ngokuqinile", ikakhulukazi abesifazane abadala. Ngalesi sikhathi, emgodini, zingabanjwa kalula ngisho nangezandla zakho.
- I-Roller idla inani elikhulu lalezo zinambuzane ezenza umonakalo omkhulu ezitshalweni ezilinyiwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, ufanele ukuhlonishwa, ngoba ngalokho uletha izinzuzo ezinkulu, ukonga izitshalo, izitshalo ezivela enhlekeleleni yezilokazane.
- Ngeshwa, le nyoni isongelwa ngokuqothulwa futhi ifakwe kwiRed Book. Inesigaba sokuqala sokutholakala kalula. EMoscow, eLipetsk, eKaluga naseRyazan nakwezinye izifunda, lezi zinhlobo zithathiwe ngaphansi kokuvikelwa. Izindawo zokuhlala nezindawo zokwakha izidalwa zezinhlobo ziyavikelwa.
I-Common Roller iyisipho esiyipharadesi ezindaweni zethu ezisenyakatho ezivela emazweni akude ashisayo ase-Asia nawase-Afrika. Impahla yezinyoni imemeza ngayo. Ngesikhathi sendiza, izinyoni zindiza ibanga elide kakhulu ukubuya, ukuba nazo nokukhulisa amatshwele. Umsebenzi wethu ukugcina lezi zinhlobo ezicishe zingasekho, nokwenza zonke izimo ezidingekayo ukuze zihlalisane kahle futhi zande ngamanani.
