Izinkawu zifundiswa kahle izilwane ezincelisayo ezine ezinezikhali eziseduze kakhulu nabantu ngemvelaphi nokwakheka kwemizimba yazo. Ngomqondo obanzi, zonke izinkawu zingabameleli bohlelo lwama-primates (ama-Primates). Ngokwe-taxonomy entsha, izinkawu zeqiniso zabelwe i-infraorder efana ne-Monkey, futhi ihlanganiswe nama-tarsiers, angaphansi kwe-suborder Dry-nosed primates (Narlorhini). Zonke izinkawu (ngaphandle kwama-tarsiers) zinikezwe izimbongolo ezingaphansi kwe-Wet-nosed (Strsirrhini).
Incazelo yezinkawu
Ubuchopho bezinkawu bukhule kahle, ngakho-ke bunesakhiwo okuthiwa siyinkimbinkimbi.... Izinkawu ezinkulu zibonakala ngokuba khona kwezingxenye zobuchopho ezithuthuke kakhulu, ezibhekele ukubaluleka kokuhamba. Umbono ezinkawini eziningi ubonakala ngamehlo, kanti abamhlophe bamehlo, kanye nabafundi, bamnyama. Uhlelo lwamazinyo lwezinkawu luyafana namazinyo womuntu, kepha izinkawu ezinamakhala amancane nezinamakhala amakhulu zinomehluko othile obonakalayo - kukhona amazinyo angama-32 nama-36. Izinkawu ezinkulu zinamazinyo amakhulu anezimpande eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukubukeka
Ubude bomzimba wezinkawu ezindala bungahluka ngokuphawulekayo - kusuka kumasentimitha ayishumi nanhlanu ezinhlotsheni zePygmy marmoset kuze kufike kumamitha ambalwa kumagorila wesilisa. Isisindo sesilwane naso sincike ngqo kuzimpawu zezinhlobo. Isisindo somzimba sabamele abancane kakhulu singaba ngaphezu kwama-120-150 amagremu, kanti umuntu ngamunye, ama-gorilla amakhulu kakhulu anesisindo esingu-250-275 kg.
Ingxenye ebalulekile yohlobo lwezinkawu, ezihola indlela yokuphila yobudlabha kuphela, zinomhlane omude, isifuba esifushane nesincane, futhi kunamathambo enqunu amancane.
Ama-Gibbons nama-orangutan abonakala ngesifuba esibanzi nesikhulu, kanye namathambo amakhulu okhalo lwenhliziyo. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinkawu zihlukaniswa ngomsila omude kakhulu, odlula ubude bomzimba, futhi futhi zenza umsebenzi wokulinganisa ngesikhathi sokuhamba okusebenzayo kwesilwane ezihlahleni.
Izinkawu ezihlala phansi zibonakala ngomsila omfushane, kepha izinhlobo ze-anthropoid azinayo nhlobo. Umzimba wezinkawu, ngobude obuhlukahlukene nobude obukhulu, umboza izinwele, umbala wazo ongahluka kusuka kokukhanyayo okukhanyayo nsundu nokubomvu kuya kumathoni omnqumo amnyama namhlophe nampunga. Abanye abantu asebekhulile baba mpunga ngokuhamba kweminyaka, futhi ezinkawini eziningi zesilisa ngisho nokuvela kwamabala anempandla kuyisici.
Kuyathakazelisa! Umbala wesikhumba ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene wehluke kakhulu, ngakho-ke kunezilwane ezinesikhumba sombala wenyama, ezibomvu ngokugqamile nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, umbala omnyama ngisho nombala ogqamile, njenge-mandrill.
Izilwane ezincelisayo ezine ezinezikhali zihlukaniswa yizingalo zazo ezihamba phambili nezithuthuke kahle, ezinikezwe iminwe emihlanu. I-phalanx iphetha ngesipikili. Futhi esinye sezici ezihlukile zezinkawu ubukhona bokuphikiswa kwesithupha. Indlela yokuphila ngqo incike ekukhuleni okujwayelekile kwemilenze nezingalo zesilwane. Izinhlobo ezichitha isikhathi sabo esiningi ezihlahleni zinezithupha ezimfushane, ezibasiza ukuthi basuke kalula egatsheni baye kwelinye. Futhi, ngokwesibonelo, izinyawo zemfene zibonakala ngobude obubekiwe ngisho nangomusa othile, okwenza kube lula ukuhamba phansi.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Ukuziphatha komphakathi kwezinkawu akuqondakali kahle, noma kunjalo, imininingwane eyisisekelo ejwayelekile mayelana nohlobo nempilo yalawo mazinyane iyaziwa. Isibonelo, ama-tamarin nama-marmosets ahola indlela yokuphila yasemakhaya, futhi izingcwecwe zezipikili, eseziphenduke zaba yizinzipho ezigobeke ngokuqinile, zivumela lezi zinkawu ukuba zikhuphuke kalula ezihlahleni. Zonke izinkawu ezinomsila, lapho ziqoqa izithelo ezihlahleni, ziphethwe ngokwethembeka ngamagatsha ngomsila wazo omude futhi oqinile.
Kuyathakazelisa! Abamele izinhlobo eziningi kakhulu zezinkawu ezihola indlela yokuphila ye-arboreal awehli ebusweni bomhlaba, ngoba izilwane ezinjalo ziyakwazi ukuthola konke ezikudingayo empilweni emiqhele yesihlahla.
Izinhlobo zezinkuni zimelwe izinkawu ezincane, ezibonakala ngokuhamba okumangazayo, futhi ama-macaque nezimfene ezihlala e-Asia nase-Afrika zifuna futhi ziqoqe ukudla phansi, kepha zichitha ubusuku kuphela emiqhele yezihlahla. Izimfene ezithosiwe zihlala ezindaweni ezivuleke kakhulu ema-savanna nasezintabeni. Izilwane ezinjalo azihambeki kakhulu futhi zisesigabeni sezinkawu ezijwayelekile zomhlaba.
Ubuhlakani bezinkawu
Izinkawu ezinkulu ziyizilwane ezihlakaniphe kakhulu, njengoba kufakazelwa ucwaningo kanye nokuhlolwa okuningana kwesayensi. Okufundwe kahle kakhulu kuze kube manje ubuhlakani bezimfene, lapho izakhi zofuzo cishe zingamaphesenti ayisishiyagalolunye zifana nezinkomba zabantu. Lolu hlobo lusondelene kakhulu nabantu kangangokuba ngesinye isikhathi ososayensi baze baphakamisa ukuthi isilwane esinjalo sibhekiswe kuhlobo lwabantu.
Izimfene ezingakwazi ukukhuluma ngenxa yezici ezikhethekile zezinto ezisetshenziswayo zingase zikhulume kahle ngolimi lwezandla, izimpawu kanye nama-lexigrams. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, izinhlobo ze-humanoid zihlala zisebenzisa amathuluzi wokuqoqa amanzi noju, ukubamba umuhlwa nezintuthwane, ukuzingela izilwane nokuphula amantongomane. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi ubuhlobo bunjani emhlambini noma emhlambini, izinkawu zibonakala ngezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuziphatha. Imizwa eminingi ayihlukile neze ezilwaneni ezinjalo, kufaka phakathi ubungani nothando, umona nentukuthelo, intukuthelo nobuqili, intukuthelo enamandla, kanye nozwela nosizi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-macaque aseJapane izinkawu ezinamasu amangalisayo okuthi, ngenxa yobuhlakani bawo obedlulele, bathole indlela yokuzivikela emakhazeni ezindaweni zabo futhi bacwilise ukuzifudumeza kuze kufike ezintanyeni zabo emithonjeni eshisayo.
Izinkawu zizama ukuhlangana emihlambini noma emihlambini, ngakho-ke ziphoqeleka ukuthi zigcine ukuxhumana njalo njalo. Ngenxa yezimpawu zemfihlo ezivela ezindumbeni zephunga, izilwane zithola ulwazi mayelana nobulili nobudala, kanye nesimo senhlalo somuntu othile. Kodwa-ke, okubaluleke kakhulu ekuxhumaneni yizimpawu zokukhanya, kufaka phakathi ukunqekuzisa ikhanda, ukuvula umlomo, ukuvula amazinyo nokushaya phansi. Isibonelo, ukuhlanzwa bobabili koboya akuyona nje indaba yenhlanzeko, kepha futhi kusebenza njengohlobo lwesici esihlanganisayo esiqinisa ubudlelwano babantu abathile eqenjini.
Zingaki izinkawu ezihlala
Izinkawu zivame ukuhlala cishe isigamu sekhulu leminyaka endle, futhi zinde ngokuncane lapho zigcinwe ekuthunjweni. Isikhathi esiqondile seminyaka yokuphila kwezinkawu siyehluka ngohlobo lwendawo nendawo yokuhlala. Kanye namanye amalungu e-oda lezinyamazane, zonke izinkawu zidlula ezigabeni zokuthuthuka ezifana nabantu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Inani elikhulu lezinkawu zifa zingakabi neminyaka engamashumi amahlanu, ziba isisulu sezingozi, ukuhlaselwa yizilwane ezidla ezinye noma abantu.
Izinkawu ezisanda kuzalwa zincike ngokuphelele konina kuze kube yiminyaka emihlanu, ngaphambi kokungena ebusheni bokukhula kwazo. Isigaba sokuthomba ezinkawini ngokuvamile siqala eneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili, kanti ama-primates afinyelela ebusheni eneminyaka eyishumi nesithupha, lapho isilwane sizimela futhi sikhule ngokugcwele.
Izinhlobo zezinkawu
I-infraorder yezinkawu imelwe yimingcele emibili:
- Izinkawu ezinamakhala amakhulu (Plаtyrrhini);
- Izinkawu ezinamakhala amancane (Сatаrrhini).
Ngokwezigaba zesimanje, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amane zezinkawu, futhi phakathi kokungajwayelekile futhi okuthakazelisayo esikhathini samanje kufanele zifake phakathi:
- Umkhwenyana omnyama (Аlоuаttа сaraya) evela emndenini wezinkawu ze-Spider, ezihlala eParaguay, eBolivia, eBrazil nase-Argentina. Abamele lezi zinhlobo benza imisindo ehlukile, enomsindo kakhulu. Abesilisa banengubo emnyama, kanti abesifazane banejazi eliphuzi nsundu noma lomnqumo. Ubude besilisa somuntu omdala omnyama ongumsheshi cishe bube ngu-52-67 cm onesisindo somzimba esingu-6.7 kg, kanti owesifazane mncane kakhulu. Isisekelo sokudla simele izithelo namaqabunga;
- I-capuchin yomngcwabo (I-Cebus olivaceus) evela emndenini onomsila weketanga ohlala emahlathini ayizintombi eVenezuela, eBrazil naseSuriname. Isisindo esiphezulu sowesilisa singu-3.0 kg, kanti owesifazane cishe ungaphansi kwesithathu. Umbala wejazi unombala onsundu noma onsundu ngokukhanyayo, onombala ompunga. Kukhona unxantathu onezinwele ezimnyama endaweni yekhanda. Imihlambi yalolu hlobo yenza ukubulala izinsana ngendlela yokubulala ngamabomu izingane, futhi ukuvikelwa kwabancancisa igazi kwenziwa ngokuhlikihla uboya ngama-centipedes anobuthi. Izinhlobo zinhlobo omnivorous;
- Umqhele, noma Inkawu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (Сеrсоритесus mitis) uhlala emahlathini nasezihlahleni zoqalo ezwenikazi lase-Afrika. Isilwane sinombala ompunga onombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomugqa omhlophe ejazini elihamba phezu kwamashiya futhi elifana nomqhele. Ubude bomzimba bezinkawu ezindala buhluka phakathi kuka-50-65 cm, ngesisindo somzimba esingu-4.0-6.0 kg. Abesilisa bahlukaniswa ngama-sideburns amhlophe athuthukile kanye nama-canine amade;
- Iribhoni lesandla lesimhlophe (Ama-Нylobаtes lаr) ovela emndenini waseGibbon, ohlala ezindaweni ezishisayo zamahlathi eChina naseMalay Archipelago. Abantu abadala, njengomthetho, bakhula bafike kubude obungu-55-63 cm ngesisindo somzimba ebangeni le-4.0-5.5 kg. Umzimba unoboya obumnyama, obinsundu noma umbala, kepha indawo yezingalo nemilenze ihlala imhlophe njalo. Isisekelo sokudla simele izithelo, amaqabunga nezinambuzane;
- Igorila laseMpumalanga (IGorilla berringei) yinkawu enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, enokuphakama okungaba ngamasentimitha angama-185-190 ngesisindo somzimba esingu-150-160 kg. Isilwane esikhulu sinekhanda elikhulu namahlombe abanzi, isifuba esivulekile nemilenze emide. Umbala wejazi umnyama kakhulu, kepha ama-subspecies ama-gorilla asezintabeni abonakala ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kukhona isiqeshana soboya besiliva ngemuva kowesilisa ovuthiwe. Ukudla kukhonjiswa izitshalo nesikhunta, kaningi ngama-invertebrate;
- Okuphaphathekile, noma i-saki enekhanda elimhlophe (IPithecia pitheciaIyinkawu enamakhala ebanzi enengubo ende futhi ecijile. Ubukhulu besilwane esidala buhluka phakathi kuka-30-48 cm, ngesisindo esingeqile ku-1.9-2.0 kg. Ijazi elimnyama lowesilisa liphambana kakhulu nebala lakhe elibomvana noma elimhlophe. Owesifazane osekhulile uhlukaniswa ngejazi elimnyama-mpunga noma ompunga onsundu futhi ubukeka ephaphathekile. Ukudla kumelelwa yimbewu nezithelo ezimila eVenezuela, eSuriname naseBrazil;
- UHamadryad, noma imfene ethosiwe (URario hamadryas) ovela ezinhlwini zezinkawu ezinamakhala amancane kanye nohlobo lweMfene, ezihlala ezindaweni ezivulekile zase-Afrika nase-Asia, kubandakanya i-Ethiopia, iSomalia neSudan, kanye neNubia neYemen. Ubude bomzimba wesilisa omdala buyahluka phakathi kuka-70-100 cm futhi bunesisindo esingama-28-30 kg. Owesilisa uhlukaniswa ngokuhlelwa kwangempela koboya bezinwele ngejazi elide emahlombe nasendaweni yesifuba. Abesifazane banombala omnyama wejazi;
- I-macaque yaseJapane (Masasa fussata) Ingabe uhlobo oluhlala ikakhulukazi engxenyeni esenyakatho yeHonshu, kepha inani elincane labantu lahlalwa ngobuciko eTexas. Ukuphakama komuntu wesilisa omdala kuyahluka phakathi kuka-75-95 cm, ngesisindo esingu-12-14 kg. Isici sezinhlobo zesici yisikhumba esibomvu esikhanyayo, ikakhulukazi esibonakalayo endaweni yomlomo wesilwane nasemasinqeni, angenaboya nhlobo. Uboya be-macaque yaseJapane bukhulu, bumpunga obumnyama obunombala omncane onsundu;
- Imfene ejwayelekile (Рan trоglоdytes) Ingabe uhlobo oluhlala ezindaweni ezinezihlahla zezindawo ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezinomswakama ezwenikazi lase-Afrika. Umzimba wesilwane umbozwe ngejazi eliqatha futhi eliqinile elinombala onsundu onsundu. Eduze komlomo naku-coccyx, izinwele zimhlophe ngokwengxenye, futhi izinyawo, isifonyo kanye namasundu akunaboya ngokuphelele. I-chimpanzee ejwayelekile ivusa umunyu, kepha ingxenye eyinhloko yokudla imelwe izitshalo.
Okuthakazelisa kakhulu ama-marmosets amancane (Cebuela pygmaea), okuyizinkawu ezincane kunazo zonke emhlabeni futhi ahlala emahlathini aseNingizimu Melika.
Indawo yokuhlala
Izinkawu zihlala ezindaweni cishe zawo wonke amazwekazi, kufaka phakathi iYurophu, eningizimu naseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, e-Afrika, ezindaweni ezishisayo nezifudumele zaseNingizimu naseMelika Ephakathi, kanye nase-Australia. Azikho izinkawu e-Antarctica.
- izimfene zihlala emazweni aseCentral naseNtshonalanga Afrika: iSenegal neGuinea, i-Angola neCongo, iChad neCameroon, kanye nabanye;
- Ububanzi bokusatshalaliswa kwama-macaque bukhulu kakhulu futhi buqala ukusuka e-Afghanistan kuye eSoutheast Asia naseJapan. Ezindaweni zaseNyakatho Afrika naseGibraltar, ama-magot macaque ahlala;
- izindawo zokuhlala ze-gorilla zimelwe amahlathi asenkabazwe e-Afrika Ephakathi neseNtshonalanga, kanti ingxenye yabantu itholakala eCameroon naseGambia, eChad naseMauritania, eGuinea naseBenin;
- ama-orangutan ahlala ngokukhethekile ezindaweni ezingamahlathi ezinomswakama eziqhingini zaseSumatra naseKalimantan;
- indawo yokuhlala yezinkawu imelelwa ikakhulukazi amazwe aseningizimu yeMexico, iBrazil, iBolivia ne-Argentina;
- izindawo zokwabiwa kwenkawu ziseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, insimu yeNhlonhlo yonke yase-Arabia nezwekazi lase-Afrika, kanye neGibraltar;
- cishe zonke izinhlobo ze-gibbon zihlala kuphela esifundeni sase-Asia, futhi indawo yazo yemvelo imelwe yizihlathi zaseMalaysia naseNdiya, amahlathi ashisayo ashubile eBurma, eCambodia naseThailand, eVietnam naseChina;
- ama-hamadryas (izimfene) asabalele cishe kuyo yonke indawo yamazwe ase-Afrika, yiwona kuphela kuwo wonke ama-primates ahlala engxenyeni esenyakatho-mpumalanga yezwekazi, kufaka phakathi iSudan neGibhithe, futhi atholakala nasenhlonhlweni ye-Arabia;
- indawo yokwabiwa kwamaCapuchin imelwe wukunweba okukhulu kwezindawo ezingamahlathi ezishisayo ezinomswakama, ezisukela eHonduras, kuze kufike ezindaweni zaseVenezuela naseningizimu yeBrazil;
- izimfene zisabalele kakhulu eMpumalanga ne-Afrika Ephakathi, kubandakanya iKenya ne-Uganda, i-Ethiopia neSudan, iCongo ne-Angola;
- Izinkawu ezingamaSaki yizakhamizi ezijwayelekile zensimu yeNingizimu Melika, futhi zivame ukutholakala naseColombia, eVenezuela naseChile.
AmaTamarin akhetha izifunda ezifudumele kakhulu eMelika Ephakathi, Costa Rica naseNingizimu Melika, ezitholakala cishe kuzo zonke izindawo ezisenkangala yase-Amazonia, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zihlala eBolivia naseBrazil.
Ukudla kwenkawu
Izinkawu ngokuyinhloko ziyizilwane ezincelisayo ezinezikhali ezine ezithanda ukudla izithelo, amaqabunga nezimbali, kanye nezimpande zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene. Izinhlobo eziningi zenkawu ezaziwayo ziyakwazi ukwengeza ukudla kwazo kwezitshalo ngama-vertebrate amancane nezinambuzane ngokuhlukahluka. Ezinye izinkawu ezinqubweni yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ziye zajwayela ukusetshenziswa kokudla okukhethekile.
Ama-Igrunks adla kalula ushungamu, ogeleza ngeziqu zemithi ezilimele. Izinkawu ezinjalo zidla kalula izimbobo esihlahleni somuthi ngosizo lwama-incisors, ngemuva kwalokho ujusi wemifino omnandi ukhotha ulimi. I-saki enesipele esibomvu ithanda imigodi yezithelo eqinile futhi isebenzisa ukusikeka okuvalekile ukuyidla, esebenza njengesiqhumane esivamile samantongomane.
Ama-Howler monks nama-guerrilla ngokuzithandela adla amahlamvu anzima kakhulu futhi angenamsoco. Kulezi zinkawu, isisu sihlukaniswe izingxenye eziningana ngama-partitions akhethekile, acishe afane nohlelo lokugaya ukudla kwezilwane ezidayisayo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ingxenye ephawulekayo yezinhlobo ze-Old World inezinto ezibizwa ngokuthi izikhwama zezihlathi, ngaphakathi lapho inani elikhulu lokudla lingabekwa khona kalula.
Ngenxa yalesi sici sokwakheka, indlela yokudlula kokudla iyanda, futhi ukudla kuhamba isikhathi esanele ngokwanele ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla, okuvumela amahlamvu ukuthi agayeke ngokuphelele futhi kahle. Eziswini eziphindwe kabili noma eziphindwe kathathu zazo zonke izinkawu ezidla amaqabunga, amabhaktheriya nama-protozoa akhona, abhekene nenqubo yokuwohloka okusebenzayo kwe-cellulose.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ngokuvamile, i-dimorphism yezocansi ebonakalayo ibonakala cishe kuzo zonke izinkawu, ezimelwe umbala ogqamile nabesilisa abakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukubonakaliswa kwe-dimorphism yezocansi kwehlukile kohlobo nezinhlobo. Imvamisa, umehluko ophawuleka kakhulu phakathi kwabesifazane nabesilisa uhambisana nezinhlobo zesithembu ezinamandla amakhulu omholi. Ama-primates anjalo afaka amakhala kanye nezimfene.
I-dimorphism engabonakali kakhulu isici sezinkawu ezihlangene ezinamaduna angenalo ulaka kakhulu, kufaka phakathi ama-gorilla nama-macaque. Izinkawu ezihlala ngazimbili, lapho insikazi neduna zibamba iqhaza elilinganayo ekunakekeleni inzalo yazo, zinomehluko ongabalulekile kakhulu. Lezi zinhlobo zifaka ama-marmosets, ama-marmosets nama-tamarins.
Kuyathakazelisa! Umehluko obonakalayo phakathi kwezinkawu nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo usizo lomhlambi wonke ekukhuliseni amaphuphu, kanti kwi-marmoset, ingxenye ebalulekile yokunakekelwa kwenzalo iwela emahlombe kababa womndeni.
Izinkawu nama-capuchin ama-Howler akha imihlambi enesakhiwo esicacile sokwakheka, futhi isikhathi sokukhulelwa asifani kakhulu. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingaba ngu-145 kuma-marmosets futhi kungafika ezinsukwini eziyi-175-177 ezimfeneni. Zonke izinhlobo zezinkawu zibonakala ngokuzalwa kwenganyana eyodwa, futhi okuhlukile kumelwe ama-marmosets nama-tamarins, abesifazane bawo abanamawele njalo. Ekuqaleni, amawundlu abambelela engubeni kamama bese edla ngokuhamba.
Izitha zemvelo
Izinkawu zezinhlobo eziningi zivame ukubanjwa futhi zidayiswe njengezilwane ezifuywayo, futhi kuthunyelwa izinhlobo ezinkulu ngokwanele kumalabhorethri ezikhungweni zocwaningo kanye nasekukhathazekeni kwezimboni.
Usongo olukhulu kunazo zonke ezinkawini, kanye nezinye izilwane zasendle, ukubhujiswa okusebenzayo kwezindawo zemvelo. Isibonelo, ensimini yaseChina, inani eliphelele lama-langurs liye lehla kakhulu, okwabangelwa ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi okukhulu kwamahlathi. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi ngo-1975 uhulumeni wase-China wakwenqabela ukuzingelwa kwama-langur futhi wasungula izindawo eziningi ezikhethekile.
Izinkawu ezinkulu kakhulu azinazo izitha zemvelo ezikhethekile, kepha izimfene zivame ukufa ngenxa yolaka lwabamele imihlambi engomakhelwane. Izinkawu eziphakathi nendawo nezincane zingaba izisulu zamakati asendle, kufaka phakathi ingwe, i-jaguar, ibhubesi nengwe. Lezi zinkawu zivame ukuzingelwa izinyoka eziningi, ezihlanganisa izinhlwathi nezikebhe, kanye nezingwenya. Ensimini yaseNingizimu Melika naseziqhingini zeziqhingi zasePhilippines, izinkawu zingaba yizisulu zezinkozi ezidla izinkawu, nakwezinye izindawo zezinkawu ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-hawk nama-kites, ukuhlaselwa kwezinkozi.
Okubalulekile! Izinkawu zithinteka ezifweni zabantu eziningana, ezibandakanya umphimbo nomkhuhlane, i-herpes nesifo sofuba, i-hepatitis nesimungumungwane, namarabi abulalayo.
Ngakho-ke, namuhla inani elikhulu lezinkawu lihlushwa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezitha zemvelo, kanye nabantu ababhubhisa izilwane ezincelisayo ezine ezinezikhali ukuze bathole inyama emnandi noboya obubizayo obungajwayelekile. Abalimi bavame ukudubula izinkawu ezibhubhisa izitshalo noma izilimo. Kodwa-ke, usongo olukhulu kakhulu ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezinkawu njengamanje lubangelwa ukubamba inhloso yokuhweba izilwane zakwamanye amazwe.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Izilwane ezincelisayo ezilandelayo ezivela kuma-Primates (Primates) afakiwe kwi-International Red Book:
- I-furry saki emnyama (Chirorotes satanas);
- IGorilla (Gоrilla gоrilla);
- I-Orangutan (Роngо рygmаeus);
- Izimfene (Рan trоglоdytes);
- Lapunder Macaque (Masacus nemestrinus);
- Inkawu yeRhesus (Masacus muatta);
- IMacaque Silenus (Masacus silenus);
- I-Javanese macaque (iMasacus fascicularis);
- I-macaque yaseJapane (Masacus fusсata);
- U-Alena inkawu (Allenortihecus nigroviridis);
- Inkawu uDiana (Сerсorithecus diana);
- UNosach (Nаsаlis lаrvаtus);
- Imfene yaseGuinea (Rario rario);
- IMfene Emnyama Sulawessky (Сynorithesus niger).
Futhi, amanye amaGibbon (Нylobatydae) anesimo esivikelekile, kufaka phakathi iGibbon ehlome emhlophe (Нylobates lar), i-gibbon yesiliva (i-Hylobates molosh) kanye ne-black-armed gibbon (i-Hylobates agilis), amanye ama-Tarsiers ne-Playfuls (Calllidae).
Izinkawu nendoda
Ukuchayeka komuntu ezinkawini akugcini ekudlulisweni kokungenwa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo. Kusukela ezikhathini zakudala, abantu bebekhuthele kakhulu ekuzingeleni izilwane ezincelisayo ezine ezinezikhali. Abomdabu basebenzisa inyama ukudla, futhi ngabantu abathuthuke ngokwengeziwe, lezi zilwane zamane zabhujiswa njengezilokazane zezolimo namasimu ahlasela amasimu ahlwanyelwe. Uboya obuhle nezidladla zama-gorilla, lapho kwakwenziwa khona izikhumbuzo ezithandwayo, zazaziswa kakhulu ngamakholoni amhlophe.
Phakathi kwamaHindu, izinkawu zibhekwa njengezilwane ezingcwele, kanti naseThailand kusetshenziswa ama-macaque anomsila wengulube, noma ama-lapunders (iMasasa nemestrinus) asetshenziswa ekuqoqweni kukakhukhunathi. Vele, ngokufika kwemfashini yezilwane ezingajwayelekile, izinhlobo eziningi zezinkawu seziyizilwane ezifuywayo nezibizayo.... Isidingo esikhulu sezinkawu ezifuywayo saqala ukuhlangatshezwa yizinkulungwane zabazingeli abangekho emthethweni emhlabeni wonke. Abantu abanjalo emvelweni babamba inamba enkulu kakhulu yezinkawu ngenhloso yokuqhubeka nokuthengisa kabusha. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinhlobo eziningi zezinkawu zazisengcupheni yokuqothulwa ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke okwamanje zifakiwe kwi-IWC.
