ICape Monitor lizard - isilwane esihuquzelayo esinamabala. Kuyingxenye yomndeni wesibankwa oqaphile. Kusatshalaliswe e-Afrika kuphela, endaweni esezingeni eliphansi, eningizimu yeSahara. Isirhubuluzi sinamanye amagama: steppe monitor lizard, savanna monitor lizard, Boska monitor lizard. Isibongo sanikezwa ukuhlonipha usosayensi waseFrance, isifundiswa uLouis-Augustin Bosc.
Incazelo nezici
Ama-Steppe noma ama-Cape monitors yizilwane ezihuquzelayo ezinkulu ezinomthethosisekelo oqinile. Ubude bomuntu omdala buyimitha eli-1. Kwesinye isikhathi zikhula zifike kumamitha ayi-1.3. Kuma-zoo, uma kugcinwa ekhaya, ngenxa yokudla okunomsoco ojwayelekile, angafinyelela osayizi abadlula amamitha ayi-1.5.
Abesilisa bakhulu kancane kunabesifazane. Umehluko wobulili bangaphandle awubonakali. Ukuziphatha kwabesilisa nabesifazane kwehlukile. Abesilisa bayasebenza kakhulu futhi abesifazane bayimfihlo kakhulu. Ukuqaphela ukuziphatha kungenye yezindlela ungabunquma kanjani ubulili be-Cape monitor.
Inhloko yesigcilikisha sokuqapha inkulu. Iningi lalo lihlala emlonyeni ngemihlathi ekhule kahle, eqinile. Amazinyo akhule amathambo emihlathi. Ziyakhula futhi uma ziphuka noma ziwa. Ama-incisors angemuva anwetshiwe futhi aqondile. Izinsizakusebenza ze-maxillofacial zenzelwe amagobolondo okugedla, zichoboza izembozo zokuvikela izinambuzane.
Ulimi lude futhi lumfoloko. Kukhonza ukuqashelwa kwephunga. Amehlo ayindilinga. Kuvaliwe ngamajwabu amehlo ahambayo. Kutholakala ezinhlangothini zekhanda elihlangene. Izindlebe zezindlebe zitholakala eduze kwamehlo. Zihlotshaniswa nenzwa.
Indlela yokubona amagagasi omsindo yenziwe yaba lula. Ukuqapha izibankwa azizwa kahle. Imvamisa yokudlidlizela okuso ibanga elisuka ku-400 kuye ku-8000 Hz.
Izidladla zesigcilikisha zifushane futhi zinamandla. Yenzelwe ukuhambisa okusheshayo nokumba. Umsila uthanjisiwe ezinhlangothini zombili, ngokugcoba okuphindwe kabili. Isebenza njengesikhali sokuzivikela. Umzimba wonke umbozwe izikali eziphakathi nendawo. Umbala womzimba onsundu. Umthunzi uncike kumbala womhlabathi, okhona ezindaweni ezihuquzelayo.
Izinhlobo
Igama lesistimu se-Cape lizard ngesiLatini yi-Varanus exanthematicus. Isikhathi eside, isibankwa esimhlophe somphimbo omhlophe sasibhekwa njengama-subspecies we-steppe monitor lizard. Kwethulwa ohlelweni lwezinto eziphilayo ngaphansi kwegama elithi Varanus albigularis.
Ngemuva kocwaningo oluningiliziwe lwabalingiswa be-morphological, lesi sibankwa esimhlophe esimnyama saqala ukubhekwa njengezilwane ezizimele. Lokhu kwenzeka ngekhulu elidlule. Uhlobo lwezibankwa zokuqapha lubandakanya izinhlobo ezingama-80. Bayisihlanu kuphela abahlala e-Afrika. Izwekazi Elimnyama libhekwa njengezwe lakubo:
- EKapa,
- omhlophe,
- mpunga,
- imali,
- AmaNayile aqapha izibankwa.
Izilwane ezihuquzelayo ziyahlukahluka ngosayizi, kodwa hhayi kakhulu. Ubude bamamitha angu-1-1.5 buthathwa njengokujwayelekile kwizilonda zokuqapha zase-Afrika. Ububanzi babo buyagqagqana. Indlela yokuphila iyafana. Isisekelo sokudla asihlukile kakhulu.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Indawo yokuhlala enkulu yesibankwa saseKapa ama-steppes nama-savannah, atholakala eningizimu yeSahara, endaweni engezansi kwe-Afrika. Isibankwa esigadayo asivikeli amasimu ezolimo, amadlelo, izihlahlana namahlathi. ICape monitor lizard esithombeni Ingabe isibankwa esikhulu, esivame ukuvela ngasemuva kwesihlabathi, amatshe, ameva kanye nezicucu zotshani.
Abantu abasha bavame ukuhlala emapulazini. Bahlala emigodini eyakhiwe ama-invertebrates, badle abanikazi babo, bakhule baqothule zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane ezifanele ngosayizi. Imigodi iyanda njengoba ikhula. Bahlala ngasese, emini bahlala emigodini, kusihlwa baqala ukubamba ikhilikithi nezintethe.
Njengoba zikhula, zifuna izindawo zokukhosela ezinkudlwana, imigodi emikhulu eyembiwa ezinye izilwane ezidulini zomuhlwa ezilahliwe. Abaqaphi baseKapa bangakhuphuka ezihlahleni. Bayaphumula futhi bacashe ngomqhele. Babamba izinambuzane lapho.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Imenyu ye-steppe monitor lizards ifaka ikakhulukazi izinambuzane. Lapho esemncane, lawa amakhilikithi amancane, izintethe nezinye i-orthoptera. Iminenke emincane, izicabucabu, amabhungane - zonke izinhlobo zosayizi ofanele ziyadliwa.
Njengoba sikhula, imenyu ishintsha kancane. Ukugxuma okufanayo, ukundiza nokuhamba ngezinyoni ezingenamgogodla, ama-arthropod kugcwalisa ukudla kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Ngisho nokugwaza kanye nofezela abanoshevu kuphenduka isidlo sasemini. Ngosizo lolimi lwazo, qapha izibankwa ziyabona ukuthi kukhona abangaba izisulu, zimba umhlabathi ngezidladla eziqinile nezinzipho futhi zikhiphe izicabucabu ezindaweni zokukhosela.
Izilwane ezincelisayo azivamisile ukubanjwa ngabaqaphi baseKapa. Ku-biotope lapho zihlala khona, izinambuzane ziwuhlobo lokudla olutholakala kalula kakhulu lwezibankwa ezingasheshi ngokwanele nezisheshayo.
Izibankwa ze-steppe qondile azinantshisekelo ngezidumbu - eceleni kwayo ngeke zibe yisisulu sezidliwayo ezinkulu ezilambile isikhashana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinambuzane zihlala zitholakala eduze komzimba wesilwane esifile.
Qapha izibankwa, ikakhulukazi usemncane. ngokwazo zingaba yisisulu senani elikhulu lezidliwayo. Zizingelwa izinyoni - abadobi bezilwane ezihuquzelayo, izinyoka, izihlobo zokuqapha izibankwa. Noma yimuphi umhlaseli wase-Afrika ukulungele ukudla esihuquzelayo.
Uhlu lwezitha zesibankwa sokuqapha sikhulu, siholwa yindoda. Phambilini, isibankwa sokuqapha besimbiwa kuphela esikhunjeni nasenyameni yaso. Emashumini ambalwa edlule, imfashini yokugcina izilwane ezihuquzelayo isungulwe.
Izibankwa zanamuhla zokuzingela azizingeli inyama nesikhumba kuphela, kodwa futhi nabantu abasha noma imvuthuluka yemilaza yokuqapha. Izilwane ezincane namaqanda enzelwe ukuthengiswa kabusha okuqhubekayo. Okuqukethwe yi-cape monitor emafulethini nasemizini yabantu sekuyinto ejwayelekile yokuzilibazisa.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
I-steppe monitor lizard iyisilwane esivundlile. Izibankwa ezinomnyaka owodwa ubudala zingabamba iqhaza ekwandiseni uhlobo lohlobo. Isikhathi sokukhwelana siqala ngo-Agasti-Septhemba. Imibhangqwana idalwa ngoNovemba.
Insikazi ilungisa indawo yokubeka. Leli khefu likhona endaweni efihliwe - phakathi kwezihlahla, ezikhaleni zezihlahla eziwile. Amaqanda abekwa ngoDisemba-Januwari. Ukwakhiwa kwamatshe kumbozwe nge-substrate. Insikazi iyashiya esidlekeni, ingakhathazeki ngokuphepha. Isihluthulelo sokusinda kwalezi zinhlobo ngukuchichima kwamabhande. Iqukethe amaqanda angama-50.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingaba yikhulu, kuvela izibankwa ezisencane. Zizalwa entwasahlobo, ngokuqala kwenkathi yemvula. Kule sizini, abaqaphi baseKapa, kokubili izingane ezisanda kuzalwa kanye nabantu abadala, yibo abasebenza kakhulu ekufuneni ukudla.
Bazimele ngokuphelele. Ubude bazo bungu-12-13 cm. Bayasabalala befuna indawo yokukhosela. Umqhele wesihlahla nomgodi oshiywe phansi ungasebenza njengensindiso. Ngobusuku bokuqala bezimpilo zabo, izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ziya kozingela. Ama-Slugs, iminenke, izinambuzane ezincane ziba yisisulu sabo.
Uhlala isikhathi esingakanani isibankwa saseKapa ku-vivo akuchazwa ngokunembile. Ngokusho kwezazi zezilwane, lesi sibalo sisondela eminyakeni eyi-8. Ekuthunjweni, e-zoo noma ngenkathi uhlala e-terrarium yasekhaya, ubude bempilo buya eminyakeni eyi-12.
Ukugcinwa nokunakekelwa
Ukulangazelela kwabantu baseMelika nabaseYurophu ngezinto ezingavamile kuthinte isimo maqondana nezilwane ezifuywayo. Kuleli khulu leminyaka, umhlangano efulethini noma endlini yangasese enesigcilikisha wokuqapha uyamangalisa, kepha hhayi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kokubukeka okungajwayelekile, lokhu kwenziwa lula ngosayizi wesilwane kanye nokulula kokugcinwa kwaso.
Izibankwa zaseKapa ezinekhwalithi engatholakali ngokuthambile ezihuquzelayo, zinobungani, ziyaxhumana nabantu, futhi ziyaziboleka ekufuyweni. I-Terrarium yeCape Monitor - lokhu kuyinto yokuqala ukuqala ukugcina isilwane esihuquzelayo endlini. Ungayithenga noma uzakhele yona.
Ekuqaleni, kungaba yindawo yokuhlala encane, isilwane esikhulile sizodinga i-terrarium 2-2.5 metres ubude, 1-1.5 metres wide, 0.8-1 metres high. Uma ucabanga ukuthi isibankwa sokuqapha sikhula size sifike kumamitha ayi-1.5, lezi zidingo azibonakali zeqisa.
ICape iqapha isibankwa ekhaya ivela, imvamisa isencane. Ngisho nesirhubuluzi esincane sinesifiso sokumba. Ngakho-ke, ungqimba olugqinsiwe lwenhlabathi luthululelwa ezansi kwe-terrarium: isihlabathi esiqatha esifakwe ngamatshe amatshe, amatshe amancane. Ungakha indawo yokukhosela yokhuni noma yobumba. Ukuba khona kwawo kuzokwenza impilo yesibankwa ikhululeke kakhudlwana.
Ukuqapha izibankwa zithanda ukufudumala. Izinga lokushisa ku-terrarium alilingani. Indawo engaphansi kwamalambu kufanele ifudumele ifike ku-35-40 ° C. Ekhoneni elipholile kuze kufike ku-25-28 ° C. Ebusuku, izinga lokushisa ku-terrarium ligcinwa ku-22-25 ° C.
Ngaphezu kwamalambu we-incandescent, abanikazi abanakekelayo bahlela ukushisa kwe-terrarium kusuka ngezansi. Nikeza amalambu elanga noma amandla aphansi e-ultraviolet.
Isitsha esinamanzi amancane sifakwa ku-terrarium. Izibankwa, zicwila echibini, zithambisa isikhumba sazo. Ngoba, indlela yokunakekela i-cape monitorukulihlomisa kanjani ikhaya lakhe kuncike empilweni yesilwane.
Ukudla okunomsoco kwe-steppe monitor lizard kungumsebenzi wobunzima obuphakathi, kepha obubaluleke kangako kunemishini yendawo yokuhlala. Umthetho wokuqala akumele udle ngokweqile. Ukuqapha izibankwa abazi isilinganiso, bazodla konke abanikela ngakho. Lokhu akuhambisani nemikhuba yokudla yemvelo.
Inani lokudla lincike esisindweni sesilwane nokuqukethwe kwekhalori ekudleni. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukuqapha izibankwa kunikezwa ukudla okunesisindo esiphelele esingu-3-5% wesisindo sesilwane. Ngokukhula, abantu abasha, le ngxenye inkulu, kubantu abadala, ingaphansi.
Imenyu ye-steppe monitor lizard ekhaya ifana neqiniso lokuthi izilwane ezinwabuzelayo zingabanjwa emvelweni. Amakhilikithi, izintethe, enye i-orthoptera. Kwesinye isikhathi abanikazi basuthisa isibankwa ngenyama yenkukhu. Kanye noma kabili ngonyaka, unganikeza iqanda kwisilonda sokuqapha. Kubantu abadala, igundane lingasebenza njengokwelashwa. Akukho lutho olunamafutha futhi akukho magundane abanjwe endle.
Ngaphambi, yini ukondla inkawu yasekapa, udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezweni lakubo zilamba izinyanga. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenkathi eyomile. Kepha noma ngenkathi yezimvula kufanele ugijime uzule ukudla. Ngokulungiswa kwekhaya, ukubamba izintethe kukhanseliwe, ukuvivinya umzimba kwehla kakhulu. Ukuqapha izibankwa ziqala ukukhuluphala ngokushesha.
Ngokungafani nezilwane ezincelisayo, ukuqongelelwa kwamafutha akunakuhlehliswa. Kokuqapha amafutha, umthwalo ezithweni zangaphakathi uyanda. Imisipha yenhliziyo iyahlupheka. Isibindi nezinso kwehliswa isithunzi. Ngakho-ke, ekhaya, ukudla kunikezwa isibankwa zonke ezinye izinsuku noma kaningi kaningi.
Intengo
Abantu base-Afrika banikela, bevame ukweqa umthetho, amaqanda nezilwane ezisencane ezingaphandle. Abathengisi baseNyakatho Melika nabaseYurophu bathenga konke. Kuhlala kunesidingo kubathandi abangaphandle. Abathengisi bezimpahla ezibukhoma bayanelisa ngempumelelo.
Intengo yesibankwa saseKapa ishintsha phakathi kwama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-5-10. Kwezilwane ezingavamile, lena yinani elincane. Isikhathi esihle sokuthenga isibankwa sokuqapha kusehlobo. Kule nkathi, ungathola isilwane esincane, esisanda kuzalwa.
Ukuhlola okubukwayo, ukubonwa kokuziphatha kuzosiza ukukhetha umuntu ophilile. Akukho ukuqubuka, izindawo ezingezona ezemvelo, ukukhipha. Ingane enempilo iyahamba, inelukuluku, inolaka kancane ezandleni. Ngokukhula, njengoba usujwayela, ulaka luzothathelwa indawo yimvelo enhle. Umnikazi uzoba nokufaka ikati elixakile.
