Ushaka onomphetho omude (onamaphiko amade) (uCarcharhinus longimanus) ungummeleli koshaka be-viviparous.
Ukusatshalaliswa koshaka omude.
Oshaka abade abaphila bahlala emanzini ashisayo futhi basatshalaliswa kakhulu olwandle lwaseNdiya, e-Atlantic nasePacific. Lab 'oshaka bahamba namanzi bagudle iGulf Stream ngesikhathi sasehlobo. Imizila yokufuduka isebenza emanzini aseMaine ngezikhathi zehlobo, ngaseningizimu kuya e-Argentina entshonalanga ye-Atlantic Ocean. Indawo yabo yamanzi ifaka ningizimu yePortugal, iGulf of Guinea kanye nenyakatho yezindawo ezishisayo zoLwandle i-Atlantic. Oshaka bahambela empumalanga besuka e-Atlantic baye eMedithera ngesikhathi sasebusika. Futhi kutholakala esifundeni se-Indo-Pacific, okubandakanya uLwandle Olubomvu, i-East Africa kuye eHawaii, eTahiti, eSamoa naseTuamotu. Ibanga elimbozwe yizinhlanzi ngamakhilomitha angama-2800.
Izindawo zokuhlala zikashaka omude.
Oshaka abade bahlala endaweni ye-pelagic yolwandle. Zibhukuda okungenani amamitha angama-60 ngaphansi kobuso bamanzi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi emanzini angajulile kuze kufike kumamitha angama-35. Lolu hlobo alusondeli ogwini lolwandle.
Amanye amaqembu oshaka ahlotshaniswa nezindawo ezithile ezikhona lapho kunezixhobo zamanzi, njengeGreat Barrier Reef. Zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezinokukhululeka okuqondile mpo. Kutholakala futhi ngobuningi kuma-internode emifula, okuyizikhala ezincane eziphakathi kwezakhiwo zamakhorali. Ezindaweni ezinjalo, izinhlanzi zizingela futhi ziphumule.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zikashaka omude.
Oshaka abasebenza isikhathi eside bathola igama labo kusuka emaphikweni abo amade, abanzi anemiphetho eyindilinga. Isiphetho sokuqala somgogodla, ama-pectorals, i-caudal (ama-lobes ayo aphezulu nangaphansi), kanye namaphiko ezinqeni anezindawo ezimhlophe eziyindilinga Uhlangothi lomgogodla lomzimba lungaba nsundu, mpunga noma mpunga-wethusi, ompunga ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti nesisu simhlophe qwa noma siphuzi. Lo mbala othize udala umphumela ohlukile futhi unciphisa amathuba okutholwa kwezisulu.
Umzimba koshaka abakhethwe isikhathi eside ugcwele ngesankahlu esifushane, esibuthuntu. Abesifazane bavame ukuba bakhulu kunabesilisa abanesilinganiso sobude obungamamitha ayi-3.9 futhi sinesisindo esifinyelela ku-170 kilograms. Ezesilisa zingafinyelela kumamitha amathathu bese zinesisindo esifinyelela ku-167 kilograms. Zinomphetho omkhulu wepectoral ozivumela ukuthi zishelele ngokushesha emanzini. Iphinde ingeze ukuzinza ekunyakazeni futhi isize ukukhuphula isivinini kalula. Umphetho we-caudal yi-heterocercal.
Amehlo ayindilinga futhi anolwelwesi oluchazayo.
Amakhala avele ngokusobala. Ukuvulwa komlomo okwenziwe ngocezwana kungaphansi. Kukhona ama-pair amabili we-gill slits. Amazinyo emihlathini engezansi mancane, ajiyile, emihlathini engenhla angunxantathu, abanzi kunamazinyo omhlathi ongezansi aneziphetho ezinamacala afanayo.
Amajuba angamaphiko anombala omnyama, kanti umphetho wokuqala we-dorsal unothiphu ophuzi noma okhanyayo onsundu. Ngemuva kwalokho ibala elimnyama liyanyamalala bese kuvela umbala omhlophe wemvelo ezingcebeni zamaphiko.
Ukuzalela isikhathi eside koshaka.
Oshaka abade isikhathi eside bavame ukuzala njalo eminyakeni emibili ezinyangeni zokuqala zasehlobo. Lolu hlobo lwe-viviparous. Abesilisa nabesifazane bazala beneminyaka eyisithupha kuya kweyisikhombisa. Imibungu iyakhula futhi ithole izakhamzimba emzimbeni wowesifazane. Imibungu inamathiselwe kusetshenziswa intambo, eyenza ukuba kube lula ukudlulisa izakhamzimba nomoya-mpilo kumbungu. Ukuthuthukiswa kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-9-12. In inzalo kukhona 1-15 amawundlu, ubude babo busuka ku-60 kuya ku-65 cm.
Oshaka abade bangahlala isikhathi esiyiminyaka eyi-15 besendle. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi eside kunazo zonke sokuhlala sabhalwa - iminyaka engama-22.
Ukuziphatha koshaka okwenziwe isikhathi eside.
Oshaka abakhethwe kudala yizilwane ezidla zodwa, yize kwesinye isikhathi zakha izikole lapho kunokudla okuningi. Lapho befuna inyamazane, bayabhukuda kancane, besuka kwenye indawo beya kwenye, besebenza ngamaphiko abo e-pectoral. Kunezimo ezithile lapho lolu hlobo lukashaka lulenga esimweni sokunganyakazi, lesi simo senzeka lapho izinhlanzi zisenkingeni bese ziyeka ukunyakaza. Oshaka abade badedela ama-pheromones ukumaka indawo yabo.
Ukudla okuphambili kukashaka.
Oshaka abade abade badla izinhlanzi ezinjenge-stingray, izimfudu zasolwandle, i-marlin, i-squid, i-tuna, izilwane ezincelisayo, i-carrion. Kwesinye isikhathi bahlangana bazungeze umkhumbi baqoqe udoti wokudla.
Oshaka abavame ukuhlawuliswa isikhathi eside babuthana ngamaqembu; ngenkathi besondla, bahamba ngokunamandla futhi baxoshelane kude nezilwane. Ngasikhathi sinye, bagijimela kabuhlungu ukuyodoba, njengobuhlanya, lapho bedla ukudla okufanayo nezinye izinhlobo zoshaka.
Indima ye-ecosystem ye-fin fin shark.
Oshaka abasebenza isikhathi eside bahambisana ne-remora (bangabomndeni wakwa-Echeneidae), bazinamathela emzimbeni wezilwane zasolwandle futhi bahamba nabo. Izinhlanzi ezinamathelayo zisebenza njengabahlanzayo, zidla izimuncagazi zangaphandle, futhi zicosha nemfucumfucu yokudla kulabo abasuke bebahambele. Abasabi oshaka futhi babhukuda ngokukhululeka phakathi kwamaphiko abo.
Oshaka abade basiza ukugcina ukulinganisela phakathi kwezinhlanzi zasolwandle, njengoba izidalwa zithinta izinhlanzi abazidlayo.
Okusho umuntu.
Oshaka abade abade bangama-pelagic, ngakho-ke iminxele yabo emide ikakhulukazi ihlupheka ezindaweni zokudoba ezide. Ngesikhathi sokudoba, unqanyulwa nje, bese abadobi belahla isidumbu. Lokhu ekugcineni kuholela ekufeni kukashaka.
Izitho zomzimba koshaka eziningi zithengisa kahle. I-dorsal fin enkulu isetshenziselwa ukudla kwendabuko kwase-Asia ukulungiselela izitsha ze-gourmet shark fin, kanti isobho libhekwa njengokudla okumnandi e-Chinese cuisine. Izimakethe zezinhlanzi zidayisa inyama kashaka efriziwe, ebhemayo nentsha. Isikhumba sikashaka sisetshenziselwa ukwenza izingubo eziqinile. Futhi uwoyela wesibindi oshaka ungumthombo wamavithamini.
Kuvunwa uqwanga lukashaka ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha ekufuneni ikhambi le-psoriasis.
Isimo sokongiwa koshaka omude.
Oshaka abasebenza isikhathi eside babanjwa ngamanani amakhulu, cishe yonke indawo, lapho kune-pelagic longline kanye ne-drifter fishing. Ngokuyinhloko i-tuna ibanjwa nge-longline, kepha ama-28% wokubanjwa awela koshaka abade. Kulokhu, izinhlanzi zilimala kanzima lapho zibanjwa ngamanetha futhi azisindi. Ukubanjwa kwalolu hlobo kashaka kuphakeme kakhulu, yingakho ushaka omude ubalwa njengezinhlobo “ezisengozini” yi-IUCN.
Ukongiwa kwalaba oshaka kudinga ukubambisana kwamazwe emhlabeni jikelele. Izivumelwano zamazwe omhlaba zenzelwe amazwe asogwini kanye namazwe asebenza ngokudoba, okukhombisa izindlela zokuqinisekisa ukongiwa koshaka abade abahlawulisiwe. Kuthathwe izinyathelo ezithile zokunqanda ukudotshwa okuyingozi emazweni ahlukahlukene nasezindaweni ezivikelwe zasolwandle. Oshaka abade abajeziswe ngokusho kweCITES Isithasiselo II bavikelekile njengoba besengozini yokuqothulwa.
