Inkulu futhi iqine kakhulu phakathi kwamabhere ngokungangabazeki "iyinkosi yamazwe asenyakatho" Ibhele elihlala kwiqhwa, noma polar. Yize incazelo "yenkosi" ingamfaneli. Kunalokho, inkosi. Ngokuzethemba uzulazula ezindaweni ezibandayo bese uletha ukuhleleka. Isilo lesi sihlakaniphile, siyingcweti, futhi ngesesinye sezilwane ezinamandla kakhulu emhlabeni.
Kusukela ebuntwaneni, sikhumbula ikhathuni elimangalisayo mayelana nebhere elimhlophe i-Umka. Futhi abaningi abazi ukuthi "umka" yiChukchi "ibhere lendoda endala". Iphinde ibizwa nge- "oshkui" ne- "nanuk". Futhi igama elivela esiLatini "Ursus martimus" lithi "sea bear". Ikhuluma ngenye yezimfanelo zayo ezinhle. Ungumbhukudi omkhulu.
Kulabo abake baba seLeningrad Zoo, ngeke kubonakale kumangaza ukuthi lesi silwane siwuphawu lwalesi sikhungo. Yilapho kudalelwa khona izimo zalesi silwane, lapho singakwazi ukuzala futhi siphile ngesithunzi.
Lesi sidlakela, esikhulu futhi esinamandla, futhi kwesinye isikhathi esiyingozi kubantu, sesibe yisikhathi eside sihlonishwa emisebenzini eminingi yezincwadi, izinganekwane zabantu baseNyakatho, izindaba nge-Arctic namabhayisikobho. Sonke sifunde indaba kaJack London ethi "The Tale of Kish", lapho imvelo ngesimo sebhere elimhlophe ingena ekuxabaneni nomuntu.
Ngokwezinganekwane zama-Eskimo, le yindlela umuntu akhula ngayo, aphenduke umzingeli wabantu. Futhi ibhere liyisibonelo samandla asabekayo emvelo lapho. Isithombe sakhe siqoshwe ngokhuni, ngethambo nangomuthi we-walrus, futhi isithombe esinjalo, ngokusho kwenganekwane, siletha inhlanhla enkulu emndenini nasempilweni eqinile.
Omunye wababhali abaphambili nge-Arctic, uVladimir Sanin, uchaza umbono wakhe wokuqala ngalesi silwane ngale ndlela elandelayo: “Ngavula itende, futhi lapho, ngiphakamisa uphahla lwami, kwakumi ibhere elimnyama kakhulu.” Ibhere leza ukuzuza kubantu, banelukuluku lokwazi futhi bavame ukubheka imigqomo kadoti. Futhi kusabisa kakhulu ngosayizi wabo kunokuziphatha kwabo.
Isithombe sakhe sisetshenziswa njengophawu lokuhweba. Sonke sithanda amaswidi "Bear enyakatho" noshokoledi kusuka ebuntwaneni. Lesi silwane esithile sidwetshiwe ku-wrapper. Wayengomunye wezimpawu zama-Olimpiki Wasebusika weSochi ngo-2014. Isithombe sakhe sasetshenziswa njengesitembu sokuposa, njengegama lokuphrinta eYurophu, nasezinhlamvwini zemali zaseCanada nase-Austria. Ubuye futhi ahambe nelogo yeqembu lase-United Russia.
Incazelo nezici
Leli bhere likhulu kunengonyama nengwe ngobukhulu. Ziphi izidalwa eziyinqaba ngaphambi kwesilo sethu saseRussia esisezindaweni ezibandayo! Ubude bayo bufinyelela kumamitha amathathu. Yize kunjalo kaningi ngo-2-2.5 m. inqwaba yebhere elimhlophe cishe uhhafu wethani. Indoda endala inesisindo esingu-450-500 kg. Abesifazane bancane kakhulu. Isisindo esisuka ku-200 kuya ku-300 kg. Ubude bomzimba kusuka ku-1.3 kuye ku-1.5 m.
Ukuphakama kwesilwane esikhulile kuvame ukufika kumamitha ayi-1.4. Amandla amakhulu esilwane ahambisana nalezi zilinganiso. Kunezibonelo ezivamile lapho ibhere lithwala kalula isisulu esikhulu, i-reindeer noma i-walrus.
Okuyingozi kakhulu ukuqina okungavamile kwalesi silo, okunzima ngisho ukusikholelwa, uma sicabangela isisindo saso. Ukubukeka kwakhe kwehlukile kwamanye amabhere. Okokuqala, kumhlophe impela. Esikhundleni salokho, uboya bayo bumhlophe buphuzi ngokukhanya. Ebusika iyakhanya, ehlobo iba phuzi ngaphansi kwelanga.
Ibhere elimhlophe esithombeni kuvela ngokumangazayo ngokwengeziwe ngemuva kwezikhala ezivulekile zomdabu. Ukubukeka kwakhe lapho kucishe kuhlangane nezingqimba zeqhwa, ikhala elilodwa elimnyama namehlo agqame ngokumelene nesizinda esijwayelekile. Kuyacaca ukuthi umbala omhlophe uzuzisa kanjani emvelweni walesi silwane.
Ngokungafani nebhere elijwayelekile, alinawo umzimba oqinile, kepha elinye "lokugijima". Intamo ende, ikhanda eliyisicaba, ikhala elide nelizwelayo. Kunobufakazi bokuthi uyakwazi ukuhogela isisulu asifunayo ngisho nangaphansi kongqimba lwemitha lweqhwa.
Imvelo yanakekela "izingubo" zayo, inikezwe izimo ezinzima zepolar. Ijazi lakhe likhulu futhi lide, linezindawo ezinhle zokufaka izinto ezishisayo. Izinwele ziyize, zingena emisebeni yelanga.
Futhi isikhumba esingaphansi kwejazi simnyama, futhi sifudumala kangcono, sifudumele. Imilenze yomzingeli inamandla amakhulu, igcina ngezidladla ezinkulu. Amathe wezidladla afakwe uboya ukuze ungasheleli kubantu futhi ungabi yiqhwa.
Kukhona ulwelwesi phakathi kweminwe, luyamsiza ukubhukuda. Ingaphambili langaphambili lezidladla limbozwe ngama-bristles aqinile. Izinzipho ezinkulu zifihlekile ngaphansi kwaso, ezikuvumela ukuthi ubambe futhi ubambe inyamazane ize ifinyelele kuyo ngamazinyo akho.
Imihlathi mikhulu, ithuthuke kahle, kunamazinyo angafika kuma-42. Umsila webhele elisendaweni emincane uncane, kusuka kumasentimitha ayi-7 kuye kwayi-13. Cishe alibonakali ngaphansi kwezinwele ezinde ngemuva ngemuva.
Isilo sihlukaniswa nokubekezela nokuqina kwaso. Isihlobo esiseduze sebhere elinsundu, ukude nokuba abe budlabha kangako. Ngokushesha nangokungakhathali ingagijima ize ifike kumakhilomitha ayi-6 emhlabeni, ishesha iye ku-40 km / h, ngaphambi kwalokho ilandele isisulu ngesineke. Ushibilika ngokuphelele, ukhetha ngobuhlakani umzuzu ofanele, usebenzisa ukungalingani kwenhlabathi, ukuhlaselwa ngokuzuma nangokushesha.
Uyabhukuda abese eshayela kahle. Ungenza ukubhukuda ebangeni elibi kakhulu, ngejubane elifinyelela ku-7 km / h. Amatilosi, ahamba olwandle olusenyakatho, ahlangane kaningi namabhere asezindaweni eziphakeme ebhukuda olwandle oluvulekile kude nolwandle.
Ukwengeza kukho konke lokhu isibindi esingajwayelekile somphathi we-polar nobudlova obesabekayo, futhi kuzocaca ukuthi kungani ezindaweni ezisenyakatho zonke izinto eziphilayo zesaba lo mcindezeli. Kuphela i-walrus, ehlome ngamazinyo amade, engena empini nebhere lasenyakatho. Le ndoda, ithathe isibhamu, nayo yaphonsela inselelo lesi silo. Yize kunjalo, lesi kwakungesinye sezizathu zokunyamalala okuyinhlekelele kwesilwane esimangalisayo.
Izinhlobo
Izihlobo eziseduze zebhere le-polar ibhere elinsundu, ibhere le-grizzly, ibhere le-malay, i-baribal (ibhere elimnyama), ibhere lase-Himalaya kanye ne-panda. Onke la mabhere anomnivorous, agibela kahle, ayabhukuda, agijima ngejubane ngokwanele, angama futhi ahambe isikhathi eside emilenzeni yangemuva.
Banengubo ende, ewugqinsi, umsila omfushane nekhala elihle. Impumulo iyisitho esibucayi kakhulu kubo. Inyosi eyodwa elunywe ngamakhala iyakwazi ukuxazulula umhlaseli isikhathi eside.
Ibhere elinsundu ngummeli odume kakhulu waleli qembu. Kusatshalaliswe endaweni enkulu yase-Eurasia - isuka eSpain iya eKamchatka, isuka eLapland iya eziNtabeni ze-Atlas.
Kukhona ukwehluka okuncane kohlobo olujwayelekile (ibhere elibomvu, i-roan - iSyria), kepha akubalulekile. Igcina ukubukeka kwayo okujwayelekile kuyo yonke indawo yayo yokuhlala: enkulu (kuze kufike ku-2 m ubude, isisindo esifinyelela ku-300 kg), isisindo esikhulu, i-clubfoot. Ijazi leli liwugqinsi, linsundu ngombala, ikhanda lilikhulu.
Ibhere linesimo esiyingozi, kodwa hhayi ngobuqili. Isimilo salesi silo sincike othandweni lokuthula kanye ne-phlegm. Ibhere lesiliva noma elimpunga lihlala eNyakatho Melika. Bambiza ngegriza. Inkulu kunomlingani wayo onsundu, ifinyelela ku-2,5 m, isinda (kufika ku-400 kg) futhi inamandla angenakuqhathaniswa kunalokho.
Kushaqeka ngokushesha umzimba wayo omude onezinwele ezinsundu ezinsundu, ibunzi eliyisicaba ebanzi nezidladla ezinkulu ezihlome ngozipho oluqinile olufinyelela ku-12 cm ubude. Lesi silwane, ngokungafani nesokuqala, sinolaka futhi sinobuqili.
Kukhona izindaba ezimbi ngomlingiswa wakhe. Sengathi akaqondi ukuthi uthintiwe noma cha. Kwanele ukuthi abone umuntu ukuze amhlwithe. Kunzima kakhulu ukumfihlela, ugijima ngejubane futhi ubhukuda ngokuphelele.
Akumangalisi ukuthi aboMdabu baseNyakatho Melika bakuthatha njengomsebenzi ophakeme kakhulu womuntu ukukala amandla abo ekulweni nesitha esinjalo. Noma ngubani owamhlula futhi wazenzela umgexo wamathambo namazinyo ayinguzunga, wayejabulela udumo olukhulu esizweni.
Elinye ibhere laseMelika, i-baribal, noma ibhere elimnyama, lihle kakhulu kunaleli lohlobo lwalo. Unesifonyo esicijile, mncane kunebhere eli-grizzly, futhi unezinyawo ezimfushane noboya obude, obuqinile bombala omnyama ocwebezelayo.
Omunye wabamele amabhere ase-Asia ibhere laseHimalaya. AmaJapane ambiza kuma, amaHindu ambiza ngokuthi u-balu no-zonar. Umzimba wakhe uzacile ukwedlula owakwabo, isifonyo sikhonjisiwe, isiphongo nekhala kwakha umugqa ocishe uqonde.
Izindlebe zinkulu futhi ziyindilinga, izinyawo zifushane, uzipho nazo zifushane, nakuba ziqinile. Uboya bumnyama ngokufana futhi bunomugqa omhlophe esifubeni. Usayizi ofinyelela ku-1.8 m, futhi konke kumayelana ne-110-115 kg. Ngendlela yakhe yokuphila ufana nsundu, kuphela ubugwala kakhulu.
Ibhere laseMalay, noma i-biruang, litholakala e-Indochina naseGreater Sunda Islands. Yinde, inxanxathela, inhloko enkulu enesifonyo ebanzi, izindlebe ezincane namehlo alufifi.
Izinyawo ezinkulu ngokungenakulinganiswa zigcina ngozipho oluqinile. Ibhantshi limnyama, linamabala aphuzi okwe-halo emfubeni nasesifubeni. Incane kunezinye, ubude obufinyelela ku-1.5 m, isisindo esifinyelela ku-70 kg. Izilokotho eziyintandokazi - amasimu kakhukhunathi.
Futhi ekugcineni, ipanda yibhele loqalo. Yize abanye benesibindi sokuyibeka njenge-raccoon. Uhlala eChina. Umbala umnyama futhi umhlophe, imibuthano emnyama edumile ezungeze amehlo. Izindlebe nezinyawo kumnyama. Kungaba kufika ku-1.5 m ubude futhi kube nesisindo esifika ku-150 kg. Uthanda ukudla amahlumela amancane oqalo. Kuwuphawu lweChina.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Amabhere asezindaweni ezibandayo ahlala khona ezindaweni ezi-polar ezisenyakatho yeplanethi. Ungumhlali wezindawo zeqhwa ezisenyakatho. ERussia kungabonakala ogwini lwe-Arctic lwaseChukotka, esihosheni sezilwandle iChukchi neBering.
Inani labantu baseChukchi manje selithathwa njengelikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Ngokuya ngocwaningo, abamele abakhulu kunabo bonke bahlala oLwandle iBarents, kuyilapho abantu abancane behlala eduze nesiqhingi saseSpitsbergen. Ukuxwayisa ngemibuzo engaba khona, sikwazisa ukuthi ibhere le-polar alitholakali e-Antarctica. Izwe lakubo yi-Arctic.
Umnikazi wasenyakatho uhlala ezindaweni eziseduze kwamanzi. Ungakwazi ukubhukuda ekukhukhuleni naseqhweni elisheshayo leqhwa lolwandle Kwenza ukufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile kanye nezinguquko emngceleni weqhwa elisendaweni emhlophe: ehlobo lihamba nabo eduze kwesigxobo, ebusika libuyela ezweni. Ebusika, ibeka umhume emhlabathini.
Izinsikazi zivame ukulala lapho zilinde ukuzalwa kwamawundlu. Ngalesi sikhathi, bazama ukungahambi, ukuze bangalimazi inzalo yesikhathi esizayo. Ngakho-ke ubusika. Kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-80-90. Abesilisa nezinye izinsikazi ezingalindelanga inzalo nazo kwesinye isikhathi zingalala, kepha hhayi isikhathi eside hhayi unyaka nonyaka.
Ibhere liyabhukudi elihle, futhi ijazi lalo elijiyile, eliwugqinsi lilivikela ngokuphelele emanzini abandayo. Isendlalelo esinyene samafutha angaphansi kwesikhumba nawo asiza ukuvikela emakhazeni. Isilwane sicasha kalula eqhweni naseqhweni, kunuka isisulu ngamakhilomitha amaningana kude, cishe ukubaleka noma ukubhukuda kude naso cishe akunakwenzeka.
Abahambi bakuqala be-polar babethukwa kaninginingi yizindaba zobudlova balesi silo. Kuthiwa akazange anqikaze ukungena emikhunjini efriziwe eqhweni ukuze athole ukudla.
Babamba yonke inkampani emphemeni, bengabasabi nakancane amatilosi. Bahlasele kaningi izindawo zobusika, bacekela phansi izindlu zabahambi, baphula uphahla, bezama ukungena.
Kodwa-ke, izindaba zakamuva zabahloli bamazwe abasezindaweni eziphakeme sezivele zikhulume ngesizotha ngalesi silo. Noma singenaso isikhali, indoda ibingamemeza kakhulu ngokwanele ukwesabisa isilwane bese isibeka endizeni. Ukuthula okuthe cwaka kweqhwa kwamfundisa ukwesaba imisindo ephezulu.
Isilo esilimele sihlale sibaleka. Ucasha eqhweni ukuze elaphe. Kodwa-ke, uma umuntu ethatha isinqumo sokuhlasela amawundlu noma angene endaweni yokuhlala isilo, uba yisitha esikhulu. Lapho-ke ngisho nezibhamu ngeke kumvimbe.
Uyabheka futhi unelukuluku, kepha akayigwala. Kuthiwa kwathi lapho beqhuzuka bebhele elimhlophe, abantu babaleka. Futhi-ke umhlaseli waqala ukubalandela. Endleleni, baphonsa izinto zabo - izigqoko, amagilavu, izinduku, okunye.
Isilo sima njalo futhi ngendlela ethile sasihogela okutholakele, sihlola into ngayinye ngelukuluku. Akukacaci noma ibhere belijaha abantu noma linentshisekelo ngezinto zasendlini. Ngenxa yalokho, kwaba ngenxa yelukuluku lomzingeli ukuthi abantu bakwazi ukuphunyula kulo.
Imvamisa amabhele ahlala yedwa, ngaphandle kokudala amaqembu amakhulu emindeni. Yize ukuminyana okuphoqelelwe, isigaba sabaphathi kanye nokuziphatha kuyasungulwa phakathi kwabo. Umzingeli omkhulu kunabo bonke uhlala ebaluleke kakhulu. Yize bethembekile impela komunye nomunye. Kuphela ngamawundlu amancane, amabhere amadala kwesinye isikhathi angaba yingozi.
Ukubanjwa kwamabhere amancane we-polar kungaphila ngempumelelo ekuthunjweni futhi kujwayele abantu. Zidinga ukugeza njalo, kungcono ngisho nokuba zizibhuqe eqhweni. Mayelana nokudla, kunenkinga encane ngabo, ngoba badla yonke into - inyama, inhlanzi noju. Namanye amabhere ekuthunjweni, kunalokho axabana. Ekugugeni baba nolaka kakhulu. Kunezimo lapho baphila khona kuze kube yiminyaka engama-25 kuya kwengama-30 futhi baphindaphindeka.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ibhele elihlala kwiqhwa isilwaneowazalelwa ukuzingela. Konke kukulungele - nezinwebu zezidladla zokubhukuda, nomuzwa omuhle wokuhogela, nokubona okubukhali, nokuzwa okuhle kakhulu. Uyagijima, agxume, abhukude, azifihle. Isimo sakhe sokuzingela asinakulinganiswa eNyakatho.
Noma yisiphi isidalwa esibonakalayo singaba isisulu saso. Uzingela emhlabeni nasemanzini, udla inyama nenhlanzi. Izisulu ezizithandayo - uphawu nogwaja wasolwandle. Uyakwazi ukuwaphunga ngobukhulu beqhwa, bese elinda ngesineke emgodini. Noma uhlasele khona emanzini. Ubulala inyamazane, bese eqala ukumunca isikhumba namafutha. Ingxenye yomzimba oyithandayo.
Abayidli inyama entsha, benza amalungiselelo enkathi elambile. Imenyu enjalo iyabasiza ukuthi baqoqe uvithamini A ukuze basinde emakhazeni nasebusika. Izimpawu, ama-walrus amancane, imikhomo ye-beluga, ama-narwhals, izinhlanzi zingaba izisulu zomzingeli. Emhlabeni, uyakwazi ukubamba i-reindeer, impisi, i-arctic fox.
Kwesinye isikhathi, ngaphansi kweqhwa lasentwasahlobo, bamba izimpande ukwehlukanisa ukudla kwabo kwamaprotheni. Ukuze athole okwanele, udinga ukudla okungafika ku-7 kg. Umzingeli olambile angadinga ngaphezu kuka-15 kg.
Uma isisulu sikwazile ukubaleka kuye, futhi asenawo amandla okuzingela okusha, khona-ke inhlanzi, isidumbu, amaqanda ezinyoni, amatshwele ayofuna ukudla. Kungesikhathi sesiteleka sokuphoqa lapho eba yingozi kakhulu. Uyakwazi ukuzulazula emaphethelweni ezindawo zokuhlala abantu, agibele kudoti futhi ahlasele nomuntu.
Akayinaki i-algae notshani, kunalokho asebenzise ngokushesha ukuqongelela kwamafutha. Lezi ikakhulukazi izinyanga zasehlobo, cishe izinsuku eziyi-120. Lokho isilo esidla ngakho ngalesi sikhathi akusiniki nhlobo ukuhlukaniswa. Udla cishe yonke into.
Ngokwemvelo, isilwane sinezitha ezimbalwa. Ama-walrus asebekhulile kuphela akwaziyo ukumbuyisela emuva ngamazinyo awo. Futhi amawundlu amancane angalimala ngamaphakethe wezimpisi noma izinja. Ingozi enkulu kuye kwaba futhi uhlala eyindoda. Abazingeli abangekho emthethweni bambulalela isikhumba esihle nenyama eningi.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Izilwane zivuthwa ukwakha umndeni ngeminyaka emi-4. Abesifazane bavuthwa ngonyaka noma emibili ngaphambili kunabesilisa. Isikhathi sokukhwelana siqala kusukela ekupheleni kukaMashi futhi siqhubeka kuze kube sekuqaleni kukaJuni. Ibhere elilodwa lingathandwa abafakizicelo abaningana. Ngalesi sikhathi, phakathi kwabo kuvela ukulwa okukhulu kothando. Ngisho amawundlu amabhere amancane angahlupheka uma ewela emkhakheni womdlalo wokukhwelana.
Amabhere athola inzalo cishe izinsuku ezingama-250, cishe izinyanga eziyi-8. Ukukhulelwa kubambezeleka ngumbungu. Umama okhulelwe kufanele alungiselele kahle ukukhula kwengane kanye nokulala isikhathi eside.
Kwenye indawo ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, uhlomisa umhume wakhe. Abantu abaningi bamba umhhume wabo eduze kwalabo asebevele bakhelwe phambilini. Bese ezumeka. Futhi maphakathi noNovemba, ukukhula kombungu kuqala.
Maphakathi no-Ephreli, insikazi iyavuka futhi kuzalwe amawundlu angama-1-3. Zincane kakhulu, ngasinye sinesisindo esingaba uhhafu wekhilogremu. Uzalwe eyimpumputhe, amehlo avuleka ngemuva kwenyanga. Umzimba wabo umbozwe ngoboya obuncane, obusentekenteke, obungabasindisi emakhazeni. Ngakho-ke, ibhere, ngaphandle kokushiya ndawo, liyabafudumeza ngemfudumalo yalo emasontweni okuqala.
Lapho zinezinyanga ezimbili ubudala, ziqala ukuphuma ziye ekukhanyeni, bese kuthi ngemuva kwenyanga zihambe emgodini. Kodwa-ke, abayi kude nonina, njengoba beqhubeka nokudla ubisi.Ukuhlangana kwabo kuhlala kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-1.5. Basengozini enkulu ezilwaneni ezidlayo ngalesi sikhathi. Ngumzali omdala kuphela ongabavikela.
Bangathola ukukhulelwa okusha kuphela lapho izingane sezikhulile. Noma uma befa. Ngakho-ke, akhiqizi inzalo kaningi ngaphezu kweyodwa njalo eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu. Owesifazane oyedwa angazala izingane ezingaba ngu-15 empilweni.
Polar amabhere bukhoma endle iminyaka engaba ngu-20. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani eliphakeme lokufa kwamawundlu lifinyelela onyakeni owodwa. Cishe u-10-30% wamabhere amancane abulawa ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye futhi abanda ngalesi sikhathi. Ekuthunjweni, lezi zilwane zingaphila isikhathi eside, cishe iminyaka engama-25-30. Isikhathi eside kakhulu saqoshwa eDetroit Zoo. Owesifazane wayeneminyaka engu-45 ubudala.
Kungani ibhere elisendaweni emhlophe "limhlophe"
Ngokushesha noma kamuva, wonke umzali uzwa lo mbuzo kusuka "enganeni" yakhe. Noma uthisha webhayoloji esikoleni. Konke kumayelana nombala walesi silwane. Ayikho nje. Izinwele ngokwazo ziyize futhi ziyabonakala ngaphakathi.
Zihle kakhulu ekukhanyeni kwelanga, zithuthukisa umbala omhlophe. Kodwa akuzona zonke izici zejazi lomhloli wamazwe we-polar. Ehlobo, liphenduka liphuzi elangeni. Ingaguqula ibe luhlaza kusuka ku-algae omncane ovaleka phakathi kwe-villi. Ijazi lingaba mpunga, nsundu, noma umthunzi ohlukile, kuya ngezimo zokuphila zebhere.
Futhi ebusika icishe ibe mhlophe njengekristalu. Lesi yisici esivelele sesilo nokufihla kwekhwalithi ephezulu. Kungenzeka, umbala wejazi waba mhlophe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uzivumelanisa nezimo zokuphila.
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, isikhumba sesilwane sinezimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zokufakwa emgodini. Ivumela ukushisa nokungena ngaphakathi. Futhi uma ibhere liphakamisa uboya balo, "liyakhulisa", khona-ke alibonakali kuphela iso lenyama, kodwa futhi nakwimishini, isibonelo, abalingisi bokushisa.
Kungani ibhere le-polar lifakwe ku-Red Book?
Lesi silwane esidliwayo sinengubo enhle nenyama eningi. Le yimicabango emibi futhi engeyona inkimbinkimbi yabazingeli abazingela ngokungemthetho isikhathi eside. Ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke nokungcola kwemvelo kube nomthelela ekwehleni okukhulu kwabantu. Ngokusho kososayensi, indawo yeqhwa inciphe ngo-25%, izinguzunga zeqhwa ziyancibilika ngokushesha.
Indawo yolwandle yayingcoliswe yimikhiqizo eyingozi nemfucuza. Futhi ibhere lethu lihlala isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, kubhekwa njengesilwane esidla isikhathi eside. Ngalesi sikhathi, uqoqa emzimbeni wakhe ubuthi obuningi obuyingozi nama-anthropogens. Lokhu kwehlise kakhulu amathuba okuzalanisa.
Manje emhlabeni kunezinkulungwane ezingama-22 kuya kwezingama-31 zalezi zilwane ezinhle. Futhi ngokusho kwesibikezelo, ngo-2050 inani lingehla ngamanye ama-30%. Ngemuva kwalolu lwazi, akukho mibuzo ephakamayo, kungani ibhere elisendaweni emhlophe lifakiwe eNcwadini EbomvuUkuzingela amabhere asezindaweni ezibandayo kwavinjelwa eRussia Arctic kusukela ngo-1956.
Ngo-1973, amazwe esifunda sase-Arctic asayina isivumelwano ngokulondolozwa kwebhere lasezindaweni eziphakeme. Izwe lethu livikela lesi silwane esiyisilwane njengezilwane ezisongelwayo ohlwini lwe-International Union for Conservation of Nature (International Red Book) kanye naseRed Book of the Russian Federation.
Kungani ibhere elimhlophe liphupha
Kungamangaza uma, ngokuhlonipha ibhere elimhlophe kangaka, singazange sinake ukubaluleka kokuvela kwaso emaphusheni ethu. Lutho neze. Cishe kuzo zonke izincwadi zamaphupho ezidumile ungafunda ukuthi iphupha ngani ibhele lasezindaweni eziphakeme. Abanye babheka ukubonakala kwakhe ephusheni njengokuhle futhi bathembisa okuhle, abanye bayeluleka ukulungiselela inkinga ngemuva kwalokho.
Isibonelo, incwadi yamaphupho kaMiller ithi ibhere le-polar ephusheni lingokhetho lokuphila olubucayi oluzayo. Uma ibhere lihlasela ephusheni, qaphela izitha empilweni. Ibhere elibhukuda ku-ice floe lizokuxwayisa ngokukhwabanisa.
Futhi ukubona ibhere lidla uphawu kusho ukuthi udinga ukuyeka imikhuba emibi. Uma ugcwala esikhunjeni sebhere elimhlophe, uzonqoba kalula izinkinga empeleni. Uma ubona ibhere le-polar, kusho ukuthi kungekudala uzolindela umshado nenzuzo yezezimali.
Ngokusho kukaFreud, ukuzingela ibhere elimhlophe ephusheni kusho ukuthi udinga ukunciphisa ubudlova nokuzikhandla okungadingekile empilweni yakho. Futhi ngokusho kuka-Aesop, umhlaseli uphupha ngakho konke okuhle nonya. Ephusheni, awukwazi ukulwa naye, ngaphandle kwalokho empeleni uzohluleka. Kodwa-ke, uma uzenza sengathi ufile ngenkathi uhlangana naye, uzophuma kalula ezinkingeni ezingathandeki empeleni.
Ukulala ibhere elimhlophe kusho ukuthi izinkinga zakho zingakushiya wedwa isikhashana. Kunoma ikuphi, kuhle kakhulu uma ibhere lethu liphupha ngomuntu ocabanga ngokuqhubeka kwakhe ephephile futhi angamsiza aphile.
