IBaikal ulwandle olunamanzi angenasawoti olugcina u-19% wawo wonke amanzi echibi emhlabeni. Abantu bendawo balubiza ngokuthi ulwandle ngosayizi nobunjalo bayo obuyinkimbinkimbi. Amanzi amsulwa kakhulu, amavolumu amakhulu kanye nokujula kwaveza ichthyofauna ehlukahlukene.
Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-55 zezinhlanzi zihlala eChibini iBaikal. Isisindo esikhulu simelelwa yizinhlanzi ezaqala futhi zakhula emifuleni nasemachibini aseSiberia, kufaka phakathi iBaikal. Kukhona nezinhlobo ezizimele, ezikhethekile zeBaikal. Izinhlobo ezi-4 kuphela ezivele echibini muva nje: phakathi namakhulu amabili eminyaka edlule.
Umndeni wakwaSturgeon
I-Baikal sturgeon, eyaziwa ngokuthi iSiberia sturgeon, iyona kuphela inhlobo evela emndenini wezinhlanzi ze-cartilaginous sturgeon ezihlala eBaikal. Kuvame ukutholakala emilonyeni yemifula engenayo: iSelenga, iTurka neminye. Ematheku aseBaikal iphakela ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-30-60. Ingaya ekujuleni okungafika ku-150 m.
Idla zonke izinhlobo zezibungu, izibungu, ama-crustaceans; ngobudala, izinhlanzi ezincane, ikakhulukazi ama-gobies abanzi, zivame kakhulu ekudleni. Unyaka ngamunye izinhlanzi zikhula ngo-5-7 cm.Ama-sturgeon amadala afinyelela isisindo esingu-150-200 kg. Kulezi zinsuku, imidondoshiya enjalo ayivamile. Ukudoba le nhlanzi akuvunyelwe, futhi noma iyiphi i-sturgeon ebanjwe ngengozi kufanele idedelwe.
Isikhathi sokuzala siqala ngo-Ephreli. NgoMeyi, ama-sturgeon amadala angabantu besifazane asebephile iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-18, kanti abesilisa abaphila okungenani iminyaka engu-15 benyuka imifula baye ezindaweni zabo zokuzalwa. Abesifazane bazala amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-250-750, ngokulingana ngqo nobudala nesisindo. Izibungu zivela ezinsukwini eziyi-8-14 ngemuva kokuzala. Abasha abavuthiwe behlela emfuleni i-deltas ekwindla.
Ngokombono wezazi zezinto eziphilayo ze-Baikal sturgeon, kunembile ukubiza i-sturgeon yaseSiberia, ngesiLatini - i-Acipenser baerii. Kunoma ikuphi, ama-sturgeon angamandulo kakhulu, ahlonishwayo futhi enkulu izinhlanzi Baikal... Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-sturgeon njengenhlobo yezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ibilokhu ikhona kusukela ngesikhathi sama-dinosaurs, abanye abantu nabo baphila kancane - kuze kube yiminyaka engama-60.
Umndeni wakwaSalmon
Ama-salmon ayizinhlanzi ezisabalele eMpumalanga yeSiberia. Izinhlobo ezi-5 zesalmon sezizinze eLake Baikal. Ezinye zazo zingabhekwa njengophawu lwechibi. Okudumile nokufunwayo izinhlobo zezinhlanzi eBaikal - lezi, okokuqala, i-salmon.
Char
IBaikal kuhlala inhlobo ebizwa nge-Arctic char, igama lesistimu yiSavlelinus alpinus crythrinus. Kunezinhlobo ze-lacustrine nezinadomous zale nhlanzi. Ama-load anadromous akhula afike ku-80 cm no-16 kg ngesisindo. Ifomu lechibi lincane - kufika ku-40 cm, no-1.5 kg.
Amalokhi asesha ukudla emithambekeni engasogwini, ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-20-40. I-char encane idla izibungu, ama-crustaceans, konke okubizwa nge-zooplankton. Enkulu idla izinhlanzi ezisencane, ayikudeleli ukudla kwabantu.
Amafomu we-Anadromous wokuzalela akhuphuka emfuleni wemifula, amafomu e-lacustrine aphuma aya emanzini angajulile, angena emilonyeni yemifula. Ukutshala kwenzeka ekwindla. I-Lacustrine loaches ihlala iminyaka eyi-10-16; ezinhlanzi ezinamadlabuzane, ukuguga kuqala eminyakeni eyi-18.
Ama-Taimen
Ububanzi be-taimen obuvamile buqala eningizimu yeMpumalanga Ekude buphele eNyakatho-Mpumalanga Yurophu. Ezinye izinhlobo zalolu hlobo zingaba nesisindo esingama-30 kg, kukhona abaphethe amarekhodi abafinyelele ku-60 kg mark. Inhlanzi yaseBaikal esithombeni imvamisa imelelwa yi-taimen enamandla.
I-Taimen iyisilwane esinekhanda elikhulu nomzimba ojiyile, onesigaxa. Njengesibungu, sidla nge-zooplankton. Lapho isencane, idlula izinambuzane, izinhlanzi gazinga. Abantu abadala bahlasela izinhlanzi ezinkulu ngisho nezinyoni zamanzi.
Ukuze kuzalwe ekuqaleni kwehlobo, izinhlanzi ezineminyaka eyisithupha ubudala nangaphezulu zikhuphukela emifuleni. Abesifazane babeka amashumi ezinkulungwane zamaqanda. Ukufukamela kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-35-40. Izibungu ezivela zifuna ukusindiswa phakathi kolwelwe namatshe. Ekupheleni kwehlobo bayakhula, basuke emanzini angajulile, behlele echibini. Kukholakala ukuthi ama-taimen angaphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-50.
ULenok
Isatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kulo lonke iLake Baikal. Kuhlala yonke imifula ephakathi nendawo emikhulu eyondla ichibi ngemifudlana yayo. Inani eliphelele lezinhlanzi alibalulekile. Inani lokuhweba lincane. Kepha i-lenok ivame ukusebenza njengezinto zokudoba ezemidlalo.
I-Lenok iyinhlanzi egcina ngamaqembu amancane. Isifanekiso esisodwa singafinyelela isisindo esingu-5-6 kg ngobude obungu-70 cm. Ngenxa yokufana, kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi imfucumfucu yaseSiberia. Echibini, ukhetha izindawo ezingokwemvelo nezasogwini impilo yonke. Uncamela ukuhlala emithanjeni ehlanzekile yokuphila echibini.
Lezi zinhlobo zikhona ngezindlela ezimbili: ezinekhala elibukhali nezikhala ezibuthuntu. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo kwesinye isikhathi zihlukaniswa njenge-taxa ehlukile (subspecies). Ukuzalela kuqala cishe eminyakeni emihlanu ubudala. Isikhathi esiphelele sokuphila cishe siyiminyaka engama-20-30.
IBaikal omul
Ichibi lendawo, elidume kakhulu izinhlanzi ezentengiselwano zeBaikal - Omul edume. Kuyinhlobo yezinhlanzi ezimhlophe - iCoregonus migratorius. Inhlanzi yinto yokudoba ngokulinganisela kwezohwebo. Ukuzingela okungalingani, ukuzingela ngokungemthetho, ukubhujiswa kwesisekelo sokudla kanye nokufudumala okujwayelekile kuholele ekwehleni komhlambi we-omul.
I-Omul imelwe ngabantu abathathu:
- ogwini, uhlala ezindaweni ezijulile;
- ipelagic, ikhetha ukuhlala kukholamu yamanzi;
- phansi, ukondla ekujuleni okukhulu, ezansi.
Izinhlanzi zabantu abangasogwini zisakazekela ogwini olusenyakatho lweLake Baikal kanye noMfula iBarguzin. Iqembu le-pelagic lezinhlanzi liyaqhubeka nohlobo lwalo eMfuleni iSelenga. Umhlambi wamanzi ajulile oseduze kakhulu uzala emifuleni emincane yaseBaikal.
Ngaphezu kokudla nokuzala izindawo, abantu banezici ezithile zokuziphatha. Isibonelo, banenani elihlukile lama-stamens kuzembozo ze-gill. Kubantu basogwini kune-40-48 branchial stamens, e-pelagic - kusuka ku-44 kuye ku-55, eduze-ezansi - kusuka ku-36 kuye ku-44.
Inhlanzi yeBaikal omul - hhayi isilwane esikhulu. Isampuli ebanjiwe enesisindo esingu-1 kg ibhekwa njengenhlanhla. Ama-Omuls anesisindo esingu-5-7 kg ayivelakancane kakhulu. I-omul idla ama-crustaceans nezinhlanzi ezithosiwe. Ama-gobies amancane anamaphiko aphuzi akha ingxenye ebalulekile yokudla.
Ishiya ukuzala ngonyaka wesihlanu wokuphila. Ukuzalela kwenziwa ezinyangeni zokuqala zasekwindla. Amaqanda ahlanziwe anamathela emhlabathini, izibungu zivela entwasahlobo. Impilo ejwayelekile ye-omul ingafinyelela eminyakeni eyi-18.
Inhlanzi emhlophe ejwayelekile
Imelwe yizinhlotshana ezimbili:
- ICoregonus lavaretus pidschian yigama elivamile le-whitefish yaseSiberia noma, njengoba abadobi belibiza kanjalo, i-pyzhyan.
- ICoregonus lavaretus baicalensis ivame ukubizwa ngeBaikal whitefish.
I-Pyzhyan ifomu le-anadromous, ichitha isikhathi esiningi echibini, ngoba ukuyizalela kukhuphukela emifuleni yeBaikal. I-Baikal whitefish iyindlela ephilayo. Iphaka isisindo echibini, izale lapho. Umehluko we-morphological and anatomical phakathi kwama-subspecies mncane.
Iyakhula futhi ingakhiqiza inzalo ye-whitefish eminyakeni eyi-5-8. Ukuzalela, kungakhathalekile ukuthi yimiphi imithombo esezansi, kwenzeka ekwindla. Izibungu zezinhlanzi zasebusika zivela entwasahlobo. Isikhathi esiphelele sokuphila sawo womabili ama-subspecies sifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-15-18.
Impunga yaseSiberia
Phambilini, izinhlanzi ezimpunga zahlukaniswa zaba umndeni ohlukile ekwahlukanisweni kwezinto eziphilayo. Manje uhlobo lwegreyling, okuthiwa uThymallus, luyingxenye yomndeni wama-salmon. IBaikal kanye nemifula egeleza kuyo kuhlala izinhlobo ezimpunga iThymallus arcticus, igama elijwayelekile yi-grayling yaseSiberia.
Kepha izimo zokuphila eChibini iBaikal ziyahlukahluka, ngakho-ke, enkambisweni yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, izinhlobo ezincane ezi-2 zivele ohlotsheni olulodwa, ezinokuhluka kokuziphatha futhi ezihlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene.
- I-Thymallus arcticus baicalensis - i-subspecies yombala omnyama wesikali ine-epithet "emnyama".
- I-Thymallus arcticus brevipinnis - inombala okhanyayo, ngakho-ke ibizwa ngokuthi i-Baikal grey emhlophe.
Okumpunga kukhetha ukujula kogu okungajulile; i-black grey ivame kakhulu emifudlaneni ebandayo kunasechibini. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zizala entwasahlobo. Okumpunga, njengazo zonke izinhlanzi zomndeni wama-salmon, akuhlali ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-18.
Umndeni kaPike
Lona ngumndeni omncane kakhulu (lat. Esocidae), omelwe eLake Baikal ngohlobo olulodwa - i-pike ejwayelekile. Igama lakhe lesayensi ngu-Esox lucius. Inhlanzi eyaziwayo edlayo, impisi yamanzi asogwini. Ngaso sonke isikhathi nakuyo yonke indawo kuvusa isasasa nenjabulo phakathi kwabathanda ukudoba.
Ihlala ematheku naseBaikal bays, ithanda izindawo lapho imifudlana emikhulu nemifula ingena khona echibini. Izingela intsha yanoma iyiphi inhlanzi. Izala ngokufudumala kokuqala, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ukwenza lokhu, ungena emifuleni, akhuphukele phezulu. Izinsikazi ezinkulu zikhipha amaqanda afinyelela ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-200. Ngemuva kwamaviki angu-1-2, kuvela izibungu eziyi-7 mm. Abanye babo bazophila cishe iminyaka engama-25.
Umndeni weCarp
Omunye wemindeni yezinhlanzi eminingi futhi esabalele. Ibizwa ngegama lesayensi uCyprinidae. E-Baikal, izinhlobo ze-carp zimelelwa uhlobo lwesishiyagalombili. Iningi labo lingama-sor izinhlanzi zeChibi iBaikal, okungukuthi, izakhamuzi zamatheku aseBaikal, ahlukaniswe nendawo enkulu yamanzi ngokuthutheleka kwesihlabathi, i-oblique.
Carp
Izinhlanzi ezaziwa kangcono kunzima ukuzithola. EBaikal, inhlanzi yegolide ivamile. Igama lesayensi lalesi silwane nguCarassius gibelio. Emachibini aseSiberia, kufaka phakathi iBaikal, le nhlanzi ingakhula ifike ku-1.5 kg. Eqinisweni, izinhlobo ze-300-gram ziyabanjwa. Okuhle kakhulu ku-carp we-crucian.
I-carp yaseCrucian izala ehlobo, ngokushisa okukhulu kwamanzi. Ukuzalela kwenzeka ngezindlela eziningana, ngekhefu lamaviki amabili. Izibungu ezi-5 mm ezivelayo zinethuba elincane lokuvuthwa futhi ziphile iminyaka eyi-10-12.
Minnow
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zama-galyans ahlala eBaikal:
- I-Phoxinus phoxinus yi-minnow ejwayelekile kunazo zonke.
- I-Phoxinus pecnurus iyi-lake galyan noma inundu esakazeke kabanzi.
- I-Phoxinus czekanowckii iyinhlobo yase-Asia, i-minnow kaChekanovsky.
IMinnows yizinhlanzi ezincane, ezizacile. Inhlanzi endala ayifinyeleli kumasentimitha ayi-10. Indawo esemqoka yokuhlala: amanzi angajulile, imifudlana egelezayo nemifula, amatheku nezinsika. Idlala indima ebalulekile, kwesinye isikhathi enqumayo njengokudla kwezinhlanzi zezinhlanzi ezinkulu zeBaikal.
I-roach yaseSiberia
E-Baikal nasemgodini oseduze, kune-subspecies ye-roach evamile, ebizwa ngokuthi i-chebak noma i-soroga empilweni yansuku zonke, futhi ngesiLatini ibizwa ngokuthi i-Rutilus rutilus lacustris. Le nhlanzi emnivorous ingafinyelela kuma-gramu angama-700 ezimweni zeLake Baikal.
Ukuthosa nefry roach kudliwa yizo zonke izinhlanzi ezidlayo ezihlala echibini nasemifuleni egelezayo. Ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kabusha okusheshayo, inani lama-roach likhulu ngokwanele, kangangoba linenani elithile lokuhweba.
U-Eltsy
Lezi zinhlanzi ze-carp zimelwe ku-ichthyofauna yeChibi iBaikal ngezinhlobo ezimbili:
- I-Leuciscus leuciscus baicalensis - i-chebak, i-dace yaseSiberia, i-megdim.
- I-Leuciscus idus - ide.
Usayizi ojwayelekile wedayi yabantu abadala ngu-10 cm.Abanye abantu banqoba ubukhulu obungamasentimitha angama-20.Udoni waseSiberia udla emanzini angajulile, kudoti. Ebusika ungena echibini, uhlangabezana nesimo sezulu esibi emigodini. Izala entwasahlobo, ikhuphuka imifula nemifula.
Umbono mkhulu kunodedangendlale waseSiberia. Ingakhula ize ifike ku-25-30 cm.Iya ezindaweni ezizalela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho iqhwa leBaikal lingancibiliki ngokuphelele. Ikhuphuka ibe yimifula nemifudlana emikhulu, idlule ngamakhilomitha angama-25 noma ngaphezulu. Evundile, insikazi izala amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-40 - 380. Umjaho kanye nemibono yaseSiberia baphila cishe iminyaka eyi-15-20.
I-Amur carp
I-subspecies ye-carp ejwayelekile. Amagama ezinhlanzi zeBaikal imvamisa iba ne-epithet ehlobene nendawo yabo: "iBaikal" noma "iSiberia". Igama lale nhlanzi likhombisa umsuka wayo we-Amur.
I-carp ifike eBaikal muva nje. Kusukela ngo-1934, izinhlanzi bezifakwa ezinhlanzini zasemanzini zeLake Baikal ngezigaba eziningana. Inhloso yokuguqula i-carp ibe uhlobo lwezohwebo yafinyelelwa ngokwengxenye. Esikhathini sethu, ukudotshwa kwezinhlanzi ngalezi zinhlanzi akwenziwa.
I-Tench
Enye yezinhlanzi ezinkulu ze-carp ezihlala eLake Baikal. Ubude be-tench bufinyelela ku-70 cm, futhi isisindo sayo sifinyelela ku-7 kg. Lezi zibalo ezirekhodiwe. Empilweni yangempela, izinhlanzi ezindala zikhula zifike ku-20-30 cm.
Zonke izinhlanzi ze-carp ziyefana ngokubukeka. Umzimba wenhlanzi mkhulu, umsila womfishane mfushane. Zonke ezinye i-tench zihlukile kancane ku-carp crucian. Izala ehlobo, lapho amanzi efudumala aze afike ku-18 ° C. Abesifazane bakhipha amaqanda afinyelela ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-400. Ukufukamela kufushane. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, izibungu ziyavela.
I-gudgeon yaseSiberia
Izinhlanzi ezincane ezingezansi. Ama-subspecies we-minnow ejwayelekile. Umuntu omdala welula ubude obungu-10 cm.Ngesinye isikhathi kuba nezibonelo zobude obungu-15 cm. Umzimba uvulekile, uyindilinga, unengxenye ephansi eyisicaba, eguqulelwe impilo ezansi.
Izala ekuqaleni kwehlobo emanzini angajulile. Insikazi ikhiqiza amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-3-4. Ukufukamela kuyaphela ngezinsuku eziyi-7-10. Ekwindla, amaminerini amancane akhulile aya ezindaweni ezijulile. IMinnows iphila iminyaka eyi-8-12.
Ukuphuka kwaseMpumalanga
Ungumbhali ojwayelekile, igama lesayensi - u-Abramis brama. Hhayi owomdabu waseBaikal. Ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, yadedelwa emachibini aseBaikal asezingeni lamanzi oMfula iSelenga. Kamuva yavela emgqonyeni weLake Baikal kanye nechibi uqobo.
Izinhlanzi eziqaphile ezinokuphakama komzimba okungalingani, okungaphezulu kwengxenye yesithathu yobude bezinhlanzi. Uhlala ngamaqembu, ekujuleni ukhetha ukudla kusuka ku-substrate engezansi. Ama-Hibernates emigodini, anciphisa umsebenzi wokudla, kepha angalahli.
Izala ineminyaka engama-3-4 entwasahlobo emanzini angajulile. Insikazi ingashanela ize ifinyelele emaqanda amancane ayizinkulungwane ezingama-300. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-3-7, ukukhula kwemibungu sekuphelile. Inhlanzi ivuthwa kancane. Ineminyaka emi-4 kuphela kuphela lapho ikwazi ukukhiqiza inzalo. Amabele aphile kuze kube yiminyaka engama-23.
Umndeni wakwaLoach
Amaloli izinhlanzi ezincane ezisezansi. Isici sabo esiyinhloko ukuphefumula kwamathumbu nokwakheka kwesikhumba. Lokhu kuvumela izinhlanzi ukuba zibekhona emanzini anokuqukethwe komoya-mpilo omncane.
Ishadi laseSiberia
Indawo yokuhlala enkulu yamashishi yimifula namachibi aseBaikal ayingxenye yohlelo lwawo. Ubizwa ngegama lesayensi iBarbatula toni. Ubude, izinhlobo zabantu abadala zifinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-15. Inomzimba oyisiyingi, ohlangene. Uchitha usuku cishe enganyakazi, ecasha phakathi kwamatshe. Ukhetha ukudla emhlabathini ebusuku.
Ukuzalela kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Iziphungumangathi, bese kuba yifry, ziyahlangana. Amajita, njengamashadi amadala aseSiberia, adla izibungu nezinambuzane ezincane ezingenamgogodla. Abaqoqi abaphansi baphila cishe iminyaka eyi-7.
Isipinishi saseSiberia
Inhlanzi encane engezansi, ekhetha izindawo emabhayi aseBaikal, imifula, udoti onosilika, othambile. Indlela esemqoka yokusindisa impilo ukuyigqiba emhlabathini.
Kuzala ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweminyaka emithathu ubudala zibandakanyeka ekuzaleni. Ukuzala kudonsa cishe izinyanga ezimbili. Amaqanda makhulu - afinyelela ku-3 mm ububanzi. Izibungu kanye nefry feed on phyto- ne zooplankton.
Umndeni weCatfish
I-Catfish ingumndeni wezinhlanzi ezikhethekile ze-benthic. Kunohlobo olulodwa eChibini iBaikal - i-Amur noma i-Far Eastern catfish. Igama layo lesayensi nguSilurus asotus. ICatfish akuyona eyasendaweni. Wakhishwa ngenxa yokuzalanisa eLake Shakshinskoye, eduze nemifula edluliselwe eBaikal.
Umzimba ongezansi uthanjisiwe. Ikhanda liyisicaba. Ubude, bukhula bube ngamamitha ayi-1. Ngobungako, ubukhulu bungaba ngu-7-8 kg. Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, i-catfish efinyelele eminyakeni engu-4 iqala ukuzala. Insikazi ingakhiqiza amaqanda afinyelela ku-150 ayizinkulungwane. I-Catfish iphila isikhathi eside ngokwanele - kuze kube yiminyaka engama-30.
Umndeni we-cod
IBurbot ukuphela kwezinhlobo ze-cod ezihlala emanzini ahlanzekile. Ama-subspecies ahlala eLake Baikal abizwa ngegama lesayensi elithi Lota lota lota. Empilweni yansuku zonke, kubizwa nje nge-burbot.
Umzimba we-burbot wenzelwe impilo engezansi. Ikhanda liyabhebheka, umzimba ucindezelwe ngemuva. Ubude, i-burbot yabantu abadala ingadlula i-1 m.Isisindo sizosondela ku-15-17 kg. Kepha lezi akuvamile, izibalo ezirekhodiwe. Abadobi bathola izinhlobo ezincane kakhulu.
I-Burbot izala ebusika, mhlawumbe lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abesifazane be-burbot ababambiqhaza ababambiqhaza minyaka yonke. Ukuzalela kwenzeka ngoJanuwari. Amaqanda ashayelwa kukholamu lamanzi futhi aphathwe yimanje. Izibungu zivela entwasahlobo. Impilo ye-burbot ekhule kubo ingadlula iminyaka engama-20.
Umndeni wePherch
Okuwukuphela kohlobo oluvela kulo mndeni oluhlala endaweni enamanzi echibini iBaikal nemifula egeleza ingene kuyo, lena yindawo evamile. Igama lesistimu yalo yiPerca fluviatilis. Isilwane esidla ezinye ezinesilinganiso esiphakathi nendawo, esingadluli ku-21-25 cm ubude, esinezici ezinesisindo esincane: kufika ku-200-300 g. Izinhlobo zesisindo esiningi azivamile.
I-perch ihlala futhi iphakela emabhayi, amatheku, udoti weBaikal. Izisulu zayo izinhlanzi ezisencane, izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla nezinye izilwane ezincane zasemanzini. Izinhlanzi ezineminyaka emithathu ubudala nangaphezulu ziqala ukuzala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Kusuka emaqandeni akhishwe emanzini omfula angajulile, izibungu ziyavela ezinsukwini ezingama-20. Njengoba sezikhulile zaya esimweni sokuthosa, ama-perches athutheleka emhlambini futhi aqala ukondla ngokuqinile osebeni lolwandle. I-perch ingaphila iminyaka eyi-10-15.
Umndeni weSlingshot
Lo mndeni omkhulu unegama lesayensi uCottidae. Imelwe kabanzi echibini. Ezinye zezinhlobo zikhona inhlanzi emangalisayo yeBaikal... Imvamisa, zonke lezi zinhlanzi zibizwa ngokuthi ama-gobies ngokubukeka kwazo nangendlela yokuphila engezansi. I-Slingshot noma i-sculpin ihlukaniswe yaba yimikhaya eminingana.
Umndeni omncane we-yellowfly
Kakhulu izinhlanzi zasolwandle ezijulile. Bahlala echibini iBaikal nasemachibini aseduze. Zikhula zibe ngosayizi omncane: 10-15, kangako amasentimitha angama-20. Zonke izinhlanzi zingabantu bomdabu baseBaikal. Zonke izimpukane ezinombala ophuzi zinokubukeka okungajwayelekile, kwesinye isikhathi okusabisayo.
- I-Baikal inhloko enamakhanda amakhulu. Igama lesayensi - Batrachocottus baicalensis. Izinhlanzi zigcwele eBaikal... Uphila futhi uzondla ekujuleni kusuka ku-10 kuye ku-120 m.
- Ububanzi obunamaphiko obunamaphiko. Le goby ifuna ukudla ekujuleni kusuka ku-50 kuye ku-800 m. Izala ekujuleni kwe-100 m. IBatrachocottus multiradiatus igama lesayensi lale nhlanzi.
- Ububanzi obunamafutha. Igama lesiLatini nguBatrachocottus nikolskii. Ihlala ezansi ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi-100. Ingahlala ekujuleni okungaphezu kwe-1 km.
- UShirokolobka Talieva. Kuhlukaniso lwezinto eziphilayo ikhona ngaphansi kwegama elithi Batrachocottus talievi. Esikhathini esiningi itholakala ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-450-500. Iyakwazi ukucwilisa ibanga elilodwa.
- Ububanzi obubanzi beSeverobaikalskaya. Igama lesiLatini nguCottocomephorus alexandrae. Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi aziweli ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi-100. Abantu abadala badla ngamamitha angama-600 ukujula.
- I-Yellowfly. Iqanjwe ngenxa yombala wokukhwelana owesilisa. Esikhathini sokuqala sokuzala, amaphiko ayo athola umbala ophuzi ogqamile. Igama lesayensi - Cottocomephorus growingkii. Ihlala hhayi ezansi kuphela, kepha nasezindaweni ze-pelagic ekujuleni kusuka ku-10 kuye ku-300 m.
- Shirokolobka enamaphiko amade. Le nhlanzi ibizwa kanjalo ngenxa yamaphiko ayo asemaphepheni amade. Ehlobo, lihlala ezansi ekujuleni kwe-1 km. Ebusika, ifudukela phezulu iye ekujuleni okungajulile. I-Cottocomephorus inermis - ngaphansi kwaleli gama ikhona ohlelweni lokuhlukanisa izinto eziphilayo.
- I-Broadball yamatshe. Ihlala enhlabathini enamadwala ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-50. Amajuba ajwayele ukungena emanzini angajulile, lapho eba yizisulu ezifiselekayo zezinhlanzi ezilambile. Igama lesayensi - Paracottus knerii.
Umndeni omncane waseGolomyankov
Lo mndeni omncane ufaka ongafani nanoma ngubani omunye umuntu. izinhlanzi Baikal — golomyanka... Igama lesistimu yiComephorus. Ithulwe ngezinhlobo ezimbili:
- igolomyanka enkulu,
- golomyanka Dybowski noma encane.
Umzimba walezi zinhlanzi uqukethe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zamafutha abekiwe. Abanaso isinye sokubhukuda, bayi-viviparous. I-golomyanka yabantu abadala ikhula ize ifike ku-15-25 cm. Bahlala endaweni ye-pelagic ekujuleni okuhloniphekile - kusuka ku-300 kuye ku-1300 m.
Into ethakazelisa kakhulu, i-golomyanka - izinhlanzi ezisobala zeBaikal... Usebenzisa isu eliyingqayizivele lokusindisa impilo - uzama ukungabonakali. Kepha lokho akusizi njalo. IGolomyanka iyisisulu esivamile sezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi nophawu lweBaikal.
