Indawo yase-Australia ithatha i-7.7 million km2, futhi itholakala ezwenikazi elinegama elifanayo, iTasmanian, kanye neziqhingi eziningi ezincane. Isikhathi eside, umbuso wakhula ngokukhethekile emkhakheni wezolimo, kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu le-19, lapho kutholakala khona igolide (amadiphozi egolide alethwe yimifula nemifudlana), okwadala ukuqubuka kwegolide okuningana nokwabeka isisekelo samamodeli wesimanje wabantu base-Australia.
Esikhathini sempi yangemva kwempi, i-geology inikeze umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu ezweni ngokwethulwa okuqhubekayo kwamadiphozi amaminerali, kufaka phakathi igolide, i-bauxite, i-iron ne-manganese, kanye nama-opals, amasafire namanye amatshe ayigugu, okube yisikhuthazo sokuthuthukiswa komkhakha wombuso.
Amalahle
I-Australia inezinqolobane zamalahle ezilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-24, ngaphezulu kwengxenye yesine (amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa) i-anthracite noma amalahle amnyama, atholakala eSydney Basin yaseNew South Wales naseQueensland. ILignite ilungele ukukhiqizwa kwamandla eVictoria. Izinqolobane zamalahle ziyanelisa ngokugcwele izidingo zemakethe yasekhaya yase-Australia, futhi zivumela ukuthunyelwa kwensalela yezinto ezisetshenzisiwe ezimayini.
Igesi yemvelo
Ukufakwa kwegesi yemvelo kusakazeke ezweni lonke futhi njengamanje kunikeza iningi lezidingo zasekhaya zase-Australia. Kunezinkundla zegesi ezentengayo kuzo zonke izifundazwe namapayipi axhumanisa lezi zinkambu namadolobha amakhulu. Kungakapheli iminyaka emithathu, ukukhiqizwa kwegesi yemvelo yase-Australia kukhuphuke cishe izikhathi eziyi-14 kusuka ku-258 million m3 ngo-1969, unyaka wokuqala wokukhiqizwa, kuya ku-3.3 billion m3 ngo-1972. Sekukonke, i-Australia inezinkulungwane zezigidi zamathani ezilinganiselwe izinqolobane zegesi yemvelo ezisatshalaliswe ezwenikazi lonke.
Amafutha
Iningi lokukhiqizwa kukawoyela e-Australia liqondiswe ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo zalo. Ngokokuqala ngqa, kwatholakala uwoyela eningizimu yeQueensland ngaseMooney. Ukukhiqizwa kukawoyela wase-Australia kumayelana nemiphongolo eyizigidi ezingama-25 ngonyaka futhi kusekelwe emikhakheni esenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Australia ngaseBarrow Island, eMereeni naseBass Strait. Idiphozi yaseBalrow, iMereeni neBas-Strait ifana nezinto zokukhiqizwa kwegesi yemvelo.
Insimbi ye-uranium
I-Australia inamadiphozi acebile e-uranium ore asizakala ukuze asetshenziswe njengophethiloli wamandla enuzi. IWest Queensland, eduze neMount Isa neCloncurry, iqukethe amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu ezinqolobane ye-uranium. Kukhona futhi imali e-Arnhem Land, enyakatho ekude ye-Australia, kanye naseQueensland naseVictoria.
Insimbi
Iningi lezindawo zokugcina izinsimbi ezibalulekile zase-Australia zitholakala engxenyeni esentshonalanga yesifunda saseHammersley nendawo ezungezile. Umbuso unezinkulungwane zezigidi zamathani ezinsalela zensimbi, uthumela i-magnetite iron kusuka ezimayini kuya eTasmania naseJapan, ngenkathi kukhishwa insimbi emithonjeni yakudala e-Eyre Peninsula eSouth Australia nasendaweni yaseCooanyabing eningizimu ye-Western Australia.
I-Western Australia Shield icebile ngama-nickel deposits, atholakala okokuqala eKambalda ngaseKalgoorlie eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Australia ngo-1964. Amanye ama-nickel deposits atholakele ezindaweni ezindala zezimayini zegolide eNtshonalanga Australia. Kutholakale amadiphozi amancane e-platinum ne-palladium eduzane.
Izinki
Umbuso ubuye ucebe ngokweqile ngezindawo zokugcina izinc, okuyimithombo yazo okuyizintaba zase-Isa, Mat naseMorgan eQueensland. Izinqolobane ezinkulu ze-bauxite (i-aluminium ore), i-lead kanye ne-zinc zigxilwe engxenyeni esenyakatho.
Igolide
Ukukhiqizwa kwegolide e-Australia, okwakubalulekile ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka, kwehle kusuka ekukhiqizeni okuphezulu kwama-ounces ayizigidi ezine ngo-1904 kuya ezinkulungwaneni eziyizinkulungwane eziningana. Iningi legolide likhishwa endaweni yaseKalgoorlie-Northman eNtshonalanga Australia.
Izwekazi libuye laziwe ngamatshe alo ayigugu, ikakhulukazi ama-opal amhlophe namnyama avela eSouth Australia nasentshonalanga neNew South Wales. Idiphozithi yamasafire netopazi sekwenziwe eQueensland nasendaweni yaseNew England enyakatho-mpumalanga neNew South Wales.
