Incazelo nezici
Upholi wase-Alexandria omunye wabamele abakhulu kakhulu bohlobo lwe-ringed. Inempaphe eluhlaza eluhlaza enombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngemuva kwekhanda. Uqhwaku lwale nyoni luwuphawu olukhulu, kubantu abadala lubomvu ngokukhanyayo, kanti ezinganeni zalo luwolintshi.
Izindwani zamahlombe zimakwe ngebala elinsundu, futhi kunophawu oluncane olumnyama engxenyeni engaphambili. Umugqa omnyama usuka ku-mandible onqenqemeni olungezansi lwezihlathi uye esihlokweni. Kwabesilisa, ngemuva konyaka wokuphila, kuvela "umgexo" omnyama obanzi, opinki ngaphezulu nomnyama ezinhlangothini. Kungakho elinye igama - umgexo. Indawo emnyama emise uthayi yehla isuka "kumgexo" osendaweni yesifuba.
Ezinye izici zangaphandle eziphawulekayo zifaka:
- ikhanda elikhulu;
- uqhwaku olunzima;
- umzimba omkhulu, cishe u-45 - 60 cm ubude;
- amaphiko amakhulu - ibanga phakathi kwamaphoyinti adlulele wamaphiko asakazekile lingama-20 cm;
- umsila - awufushane, uqonde phansi.
Izinhlobo zathola igama lazo ngokuhlonipha inkosi enkulu yaseMakedoniya - u-Alexander. Ngokwenganekwane, umkhuzi wabona izinyoni ezikhanyayo ngenkathi zisuka e-Asia ziya eGrisi. Wathambisa amapholi, nawo asindisa impilo yaseMakedoniya ngesikhathi sempi.
Isiko lithi kwenye yezimpi uTsar Alexander wayezungezwe ngabaphikisi abaningi, ehlose ukubamba umphathi. Izinyoni, zivikela umnikazi, zaphuma emakhejini zahlasela izitha.
Ukukhuluma upholi we-alexandrian kusukela ngesikhathi sika-Alexander the Great yayithandwa kakhulu. ERoma lasendulo, kwakukhona othisha abakhethekile ababefundisa lolu hlobo lwamagama nemishwana.
Izinhlobo
Kusukela ngo-1766 kuya ku-1917, lezi zinhlayiya ezilandelayo zakhonjwa upholi okhishwe nge-alexandrian (psittacula eupatria):
- I-Eupatria (K. Linnaeus, 1766) - okuyinhloko.
- INipalensis (Hodgson, 1836) - INepalese, enkulu kunazo zonke ene-bluish tinge ye-occiput nezihlathi. Banobuntu obunolaka, nokuzimela.
- UMagnirostris (Ibhola, 1872) - uhlala e-Andaman Islands. Kumuntu omdala, amaphiko asuka ku-20 kuye ku-22.5 cm, izimpaphe ezingemuva kwekhanda zinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, uqhwaku lukhulu kakhulu kunalezo ezizalisayo. Amabala abomvu emaphikweni epholi akhanya, izimpaphe zesifuba nesisu esinombala onsundu ngokumpunga.
- I-Avensis (iKloss, 1917) - Indawo yokuhlala yase-Indo-Burmese. Ama-subspecies anokufana kwangaphandle ne-nipalensis, kepha ahluke ngoqhwaku oluncane nombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ophuzi ngokuluhlaza ezimpapheni zentamo.
- ISiamensis (iKloss, 1917) yindawo yokuzalwa yaseLaos noma eSiam. Ama-subspecies abonakala ngosayizi omncane. Amaphiko ezinyoni ezindala awekho ngaphezu kuka-20.5 cm, kanti ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-56. Inokufana kwangaphandle ne-avensis, kepha uma uyihlolisisa iyehluka ngemibala yezimpaphe ezingxenyeni ezithile zomzimba. Izihlathi zale nyoni zinombala ophuzi ngokuluhlaza okotshani, endaweni yemilenze kune-sheen ephuzi, izimpaphe ezinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekhanda nasemhlane wekhanda, namabala abomvu aphaphathekile emaphikweni.
Onke ama-subspecies ayisihlanu afana ngaphandle, kepha ekutadisheni okuningiliziwe, aveza umehluko emininingwaneni yosayizi nosayizi. Ukuguqulwa kwemibala emi-3 kwakhiwe ngokungeyikho:
- okumhlophe;
- ophuzi;
- okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Zopholi base-Aleksandriya endaweni yabo yemvelo abanqobi amabanga amade, baphambukela emhlambini omkhulu ebusuku. Ngaphambi kokuphuma kwelanga nokushona kwelanga, kuzwakala ukukhala okubukhali, okubhobozayo, nokuhudulwayo ezindaweni zemigexo. Opholi bandiza baqonde futhi ngokushesha.
Ikakhulukazi etholakala emiqhele yemithi eluhlaza. Bathanda ukuziqabula emvuleni eshisayo. Izinyoni azihlali zodwa, zakha amaqembu afinyelela kwabayishumi nambili. Ngenkathi yokuzalanisa, laba bobabili bathatha umhlalaphansi emigodini yezihlahla zokukhwelana nokondla izingane.
Emvelweni upholi we-alexandrian umgexo isatshalaliswa eNingizimu naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, e-Afrika. I-subspecies ngayinye inendawo yayo yokuhlala, ngaphandle kokunye okuhlukile. Indawo yokuhlala ejwayelekile yizindawo ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo. Mhlawumbe ukufuduka kwezinyoni kuyofuna ukudla eduze kwezindawo zabantu. Zingahlala eduze kwamasimu nezindawo zokuhlala.
Ama-parrot aphikisiwe angatholakala eMadagascar, Israel, Egypt, Belgium naseJalimane. Izinhlobo ezihlala kuze kube muva nje endaweni yaseReunion naseRodriguez Islands zinyamalale. Imigexo yaseMauritius isengozini yokushabalala.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Endaweni yazo yemvelo, amapholi adla okusanhlamvu, izithelo zezihlahla. Ziminzile futhi azikhethi ekudleni. Ekuthunjweni, ukudla kwansuku zonke kunomthelela omkhulu empilweni yezinyoni. Izifunzo ezikhethekile ezivunyelwe:
- I-Rio;
- I-Padovan;
- Ukuvelela;
- Umlilo;
Lapho uthenga, kufanele uhlole usuku lokuphelelwa isikhathi okuboniswe kwiphakheji. Ngaphambi kokondla isilwane sakho, kufanele ucabangele ukubukeka kokusanhlamvu bese uhlola iphunga. Uma kwenzeka kunokuchezuka kokujwayelekile, okuphakelayo akufanele kudliwe.
Kuyadingeka ukuhambisana nemibandela yokugcina inhlanganisela yokusanhlamvu evulekile. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa uhlobo olulodwa lokudla kuyo yonke impilo yesilwane. Uma ingxube iqukethe izithasiselo ngendlela yama-granules, kufanele ikhethwe futhi ingafakwa ekudleni. Izinga lokudla kwansuku zonke kwe-Alexandria lisuka kuma-50 kuye kuma-60 g. Ukudla kufanele futhi kufake:
- Imifino - imidumba, i-zucchini, ikhukhamba, izaqathe, ama-beet. Akuvunyelwe - amazambane, anyanisi, isitshalo seqanda.
- Izithelo namajikijolo ekamelweni lokushisa - ibhilikotsi, i-orange ngaphandle kwefilimu kanye ne-peel, sitrobheli, iplamu, i-apula nabanye.
- Imifino.
Umuthi owusizo kopholi unyaluthi endlebeni. Kunconywa ukuthi utotose isilwane sakho ngalokhu kudla okumnandi ngokulinganisela, kungabi ngaphezu kwamabhola ama-spikelet ama-2 ngosuku. Ukudla okungaba yingozi empilweni yenkukhu:
- ushukela;
- uju;
- amaqanda aluhlaza;
- ukudla okuqukethe amakhemikhali nezithasiselo zamakhemikhali.
Ngesikhathi lapho i-molt yopholi wase-Alexandria, kuvunyelwe ukwengeza imbewu eningi yesame enhlanganisweni yokusanhlamvu. Ngokokuqala ngqa, izimpaphe ziqala ukuwa lapho zinezinyanga ezintathu kuya kwezi-4 ubudala. Imvamisa ye-molting isikhathi esingu-1 ezinyangeni ezi-5, 6, ubude busuka emavikini ayisithupha kuye kwayisishiyagalombili. Ngalesi sikhathi, kunconywa ukuthi uhlukanise indlela odla ngayo ngokungeza:
- amavithamini izakhiwo;
- izithelo nemifino;
- ngamanani amancane kakhulu ubisi olunamafutha;
- imifino;
- amanzi amaningi.
Kuvunyelwe ukufaka okusanhlamvu okuphekwe wedwa ekudleni. Ungalungisa isidlo kusuka okusanhlamvu okulandelayo:
- okufana nokolweni;
- irayisi;
- amabele;
- i-oatmeal;
- ukolweni.
Iphalishi liphekwa emanzini ngaphandle kokufaka ubisi, ibhotela, usawoti kanye noshukela. Ukuphaka akweqi izinkezo ezimbili zikasawoti. Khonza ufudumele esitsheni esihlukile.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kopholi ekhaya kuyibhizinisi eliyinkimbinkimbi nelinomthwalo wemfanelo, elihlotshaniswa nengozi empilweni yomuntu omdala namachwane. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ubuqili obuningi. Abazalisi abanezinyoni eziningana banquma ukuzalanisa ekuthunjweni. Kungenzeka ukuthi insikazi ife noma ishiye iphuphu. Ngemuva kwalokho ungabeka inzalo kwelinye ibhangqa.
Ama-parrot aphilile kusuka ezinyangeni eziyi-12 kuya eminyakeni emithathu ubudala angazala. Ukudla okufanele kufanele kuhlinzekwe ngenkathi yokuzalanisa. Ngokushoda kwamavithamini kanye nokudla okungalingani, ukufa kwabazali namachwane kungenzeka.
Ukwakhiwa kwemigexo kwenzeka phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika. Ukuzalanisa ekuthunjweni kwamapholi amabili esibayeni esikhulu, kuhlelwe indlu ekhethekile yokwakha izidleke ngokhuni. Ubude bezindonga zesidleke okungenani bube ngamasentimitha ayi-10.Iphansi limbozwe ngesaha noma ngotshani.
Ukufukanyelwa kwamaqanda ngowesifazane kuhlala inyanga. Ngalesi sikhathi, owesilisa unakekela ukondleka nokuvikelwa kowesifazane. Chick yopholi wase-alexandrian ihlala esidlekeni cishe izinyanga ezimbili ngemuva kokuchanyuselwa. Emasontweni ayisithupha ubudala, ubonakala lapho ecashile. Amachwane ashiya indlu yokwakha izidleke ngemuva kwamasonto ayisikhombisa. Ngaphandle, abantu abasha bayafana nabesifazane, futhi umehluko wesici kwabesilisa uvela ngemuva kokuncibilika ngeminyaka emithathu.
Isikhathi sokuphila semigexo ezimweni zemvelo siphansi kakhulu kunokuthunjwa. Lokhu kungenxa yezici eziningi zangaphandle ezithinta impilo emvelweni. Ahlala isikhathi esingakanani amapholi ase-Alexandria ekhaya kunzima ukusho ngokuqinisekile.
Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, ukudla okunomsoco, ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi kwezifo nokungabikho kwezingozi, izinyoni ezindala ziphila iminyaka engama-40, 60. Isilinganiso seminyaka esiphawulwe ngabathandi bezinhlobo yiminyaka engama-30. Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokufa lapho zigcinwe ekhaya yilezi:
- ukuntuleka koju oluqeqeshiwe. Usizo;
- ukushaqeka kukagesi ezintanjeni;
- ukulimala ngentamo ephukile ingilazi nezibuko;
- ubuthi;
- ukuhamba ngengozi.
Intengo
Ngemuva kokunquma ukuthola upholi, udinga ukuthatha indlela efanelekile yokukhetha isitolo. Uma kunokwenzeka, kunconywa ukuthi ufake ochwepheshe abanolwazi noma umfuyi ekukhetheni umuntu. Kusuka ezitolo, ukukhetha kufanele kunikezwe izindawo zokuthengisa eziqinisekisiwe ezinokuxhumana nemiphakathi ethanda izinyoni.
Intengo yopholi wase-Alexandria ngqo kuya ngeminyaka, ubulili nesimo senyoni. Indlela eqinisekile yokutshela ingane kumuntu omdala ukubuka amehlo. Iris yabamele abasha bezinhlobo icashile, mpunga omnyama. I-iris yeso iyashintsha ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, futhi ekugcineni yakheke ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-7. Intengo ephansi ye-ringed yase-Alexandria ngama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi.
Ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa kwasekhaya
Ukutholwa kopholi kumele kuphathwe ngendlela efanele. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi isilwane esinezimpaphe sidinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela nokunakwa njalo. Kungcono ukuqala inyoni encane okulula ukuyithambisa.
Intsha enempilo upholi ka-alexandrian osesithombeni ihlukaniswa yizimpaphe zayo ezicwebezelayo ezikhanyayo ngaphandle kwamabala anempandla, amehlo anempilo, nomlomo omkhulu ongenazo izingqimba. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlinzeka le nyoni ngombuso oqinile ekuthunjweni. Kuyadingeka ukudala izimo zokulala kahle.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, uzodinga indwangu eminyene engahambisi ukukhanya. Inyoni kufanele ilale okungenani amahora ayi-12 ebusuku. Ikheji kufanele livalwe ngokuqinile ebusuku ukuze izimpaphe zingesatshiswa ukukhanya nokuhamba okungahleliwe.
Akunandaba ukuthi ukulala nokuvuka kwenzeka ngasiphi isikhathi, into esemqoka ukuwugcina ngokuqinile umbuso wokulala nokuphaphama. Lapho umboza ikheji, vumela indwangu ilenga ngokukhululeka ukuvumela umoya ungene. Isibaya sezithunjwa kufanele siqine, sibe banzi futhi sifake izinto ezilandelayo:
- Okungenani ama-2 perches enziwe ngamagatsha ezihlahla ezisanda kusikwa.
- Okungenani ama-feeder ama-2 wezinhlanganisela zokusanhlamvu nezamaminerali, okuphakelayo okwengeziwe okusanhlamvu nezithelo.
- Isitsha sokuphuza.
- Ukugqoka amaminerali, kubekwe ukuze kukhululeke ukuhlafuna.
- Okungenani amathoyizi ama-2.
- Umphathi wezithelo.
- Isudi yokugeza ngesikhathi sokugeza.
- Amadivayisi alukiwe ngamahlumela amancane ezihlahla ukuze upholi uzilume futhi ugaye uqhwaku lwawo.
Amathiphu wokunakekelwa okufushane:
- ukuhlanza ikheji okungenani 1 isikhathi ngeviki;
- ukunakekelwa kwansuku zonke kokuphakelayo nokuphuza, ushintsho lokuqukethwe;
- ukugeza ngezikhathi ezithile;
- akukho ukucindezeleka.
Ukuthambisa upholi kuyinqubo enzima futhi ethathayo ethatha isikhathi eside. Kufanele iqalwe isikhathi esithile ngemuva kokuthenga isilwane. Okokuqala, inyoni idinga ukujwayela izimo ezintsha zokuphila, ukuzizwa ithembela kumnikazi omusha. Izinyathelo eziyinhloko:
- Khuluma ngomoya ophansi nangobungani ngaphandle kokusondela ekhejini.
- Hlala phansi eduze kwekhaya lenyoni ukhulume nalo. Isilwane esifuywayo silalela ngokucophelela lapho sivale amehlo kancane bese sivula umlomo.
- Khuluma, ngokuba seduze kwekheji futhi welulela ekhejini.
- Ukukhuluma, ngokuletha ngobumnene isandla esiphundu emnyango wekheji.
- Nyakazisa ngokucophelela isandla esiphundu uye kule nyoni, ngaphandle kokuyeka ukukhuluma nokubuka ukusabela. Isilwane sasekhaya kumele ngokuzimela sithathe ukudla esandleni.
- Isandla esinokudla kufanele sisuswe ngokucophelela kupholi, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi uhlala esandleni sakhe.
- Lapho ukutholakala kutholakala ekhejini, ungazama ukwelapha inyoni ngaphandle kwendlu.
Upholi wase-Alexandria awunakugcinwa esibayeni njalo. Le nyoni idinga ukundiza ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngaphambi kokukhipha isilwane sakho, kufanele uvale futhi ubeke amakhethini amawindi, ususe ingilazi nezibuko.
Izinga lokushisa elinethezekile lemigexo - okungenani ama-240 C. Ukunakekelwa njalo nokunakekelwa okufanele kuzonikeza upholi wase-Alexandria impilo ende ende enenjabulo yomnikazi.
