Goby - leli gama lihlanganisa wonke umndeni wezinhlanzi ezenziwe ngemisebe. Kubandakanya izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-2000. Lezi zinhlanzi zichitha impilo yazo emanzini asogwini. Zondla futhi zizalele ezansi.
Enye yezinhlanzi ezimbalwa okwenzelwe kuzo izikhumbuzo. E-Ukraine, edolobheni laseBerdyansk, ePrimorskaya Square, kukhona isithombe esibaziwe esithi "The Bread-goby". Kusikhumbuza ukuthi ngezikhathi ezinzima le nhlanzi yavumela abantu ukuthi baphile. ERussia, edolobheni laseYeysk, kuMira Street, kunesithombe esibhalwe kuso ukuthi inkunzi iyinkosi yoLwandle lwase-Azov.
Incazelo nezici
Isici esiyinhloko se-morphological esihlanganisa ama-gobies yi-sucker. Kutholakala engxenyeni yomzimba yomzimba. Kwakhiwa njengomphumela wokuhlanganiswa kwamaphiko okhalo. Ikhonza ukunamathela kwezinhlanzi ematsheni, kuma-coral, substrate engezansi. Igcina inhlanzi endaweni yokupaka noma ngabe inomsakazo obalulekile.
Ama-Gobies ayizinhlanzi ezincane. Kepha kunezinhlobo ezinesayizi ehloniphekile. Inkunzi enkulu-knut ukhula aze afike ku-30-35 cm.Abanye abaphethe amarekhodi bafinyelela kumamitha ayi-0.5. Izinhlobo ezincane kunazo zonke yi-goby dwarf Trimmatom nanus. Kungabhekwa njengenye yezinhlanzi ezincane kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Akudluli ku-1 cm.
Lo goby uhlala engxenyeni esentshonalanga yePacific kanye nasemachwebeni emifula yolwandle i-Indian Ocean. Ekujuleni kwamamitha ama-5 kuye kwangama-30. Kuze kube ngu-2004, bekubhekwa njengesilwane esincane kakhulu somgogodla. Okutholwe muva nje ngososayensi bezinto eziphilayo kuye kwamphushela endaweni yesithathu.
Isici esithandekayo se-goby ukuthi insikazi ingazalwa kabusha ibe ngowesilisa
Endaweni yesibili kwakuyizinhlanzi zamakhorali iSchindleria brevipinguis. I-carp ende engu-7.9 mm, egcwele i-Indonesia, ithi ingowokuqala kulolu hlu. Igama lakhe nguPaedocypris progenetica.
Ngaphandle kokwehluka kosayizi, ubukhulu bawo wonke ama-gobies ayafana. Inhloko yenhlanzi inkulu, icwecwe kancane ngenhla nangaphansi. Umlomo onamalebe aminyene utholakala kuwo wonke ububanzi bekhanda, ngaphezulu lapho kunamehlo amakhulu. Ingxenye yokuqala yomzimba iyindilinga. Isisu sicwecwe kancane.
Izinhlanzi zinamaphiko amabili omhlane (dorsal). Imisebe yokuqala inzima, eyesibili ithambile. Amaphiko wepectoral anamandla. Ama-ventral (esiswini) enza i-sucker. Isiphetho sendunu esisodwa. Umsila uphela ngomphetho oyindilinga ngaphandle kwama-lobes.
Ubungako nokwakheka komzimba okujwayelekile akuhlinzeki ngemininingwane ephelele yokuthi kanjani ibukeka kanjani inhlanzi eyi-goby. Umehluko phakathi kohlobo ngalunye ngombala ungabonakala. Kangangokuba kunzima ukukholelwa ukuthi izinhlanzi ezomndeni owodwa. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni ezishisayo.
Izinhlobo
Zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zihlukaniswa kumkhombandlela weFish of the World. Uhlelo lwesihlanu lwanyatheliswa ngo-2016, luhlelwe nguJoseph S. Nelson. Ubudlelwano besistimu emndenini we-goby bushintshe kakhulu. Kuyo yonke inala yezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, i-gobies ehlala esifundeni sePonto-Caspian ingahlukaniswa. Ezinye zazo ziyizinhlobo zezentengiselwano.
- I-Round goby.
U-goby usayizi ophakathi nendawo. Abesilisa abangafika ku-15 cm, abesifazane kuze kube ngama-cm 20. Olunye lwezinhlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu oLwandle lwase-Azov ngokuya ngokudoba okuthengiswayo. Abesilisa bavame ukufa ngemuva kokuzala kwabo kokuqala, beneminyaka emibili. Abesifazane bangazala kaningana futhi baphile kuze kube yiminyaka emihlanu.
Ibekezelela kahle amanzi anosawoti namanzi amasha, ngakho-ke itholakala hhayi kuphela eziLwandle eziMnyama, i-Azov neCaspian. Ingakhuphuka ngasemifuleni egelezela kuyo iye ezifundeni ezimaphakathi zaseRussia. Kulokhu, kubonakala sengathi umfula goby.
- I-sand goby.
Ubude obujwayelekile bale nhlanzi bungamasentimitha ayi-12. Ama-specimens amakhulu afinyelela kumasentimitha angama-20. Njengoba nje izingodo ezizungezile sezijwayele amanzi amasha. Kusuka oLwandle Olumnyama kwasakazeka emfuleni i-Ukraine, iBelarus neRussia. Ezinqolobaneni zamanzi angenasawoti, izinhlanzi zitholakala ngasikhathi sinye i-rotan ne-goby... Zivame ukudideka ngenxa yomzimba wazo ofanayo. Kepha izinhlanzi izihlobo ezikude, zivela emindenini eyahlukene.
- I-Shirman goby.
Uhlala ezindaweni zemifula yoLwandle Olumnyama, eDniester, ezindaweni ezisezansi zeDanube, oLwandle lwase-Azov. Izala, njengamanye ama-gobies, entwasahlobo. Insikazi izalela amaqanda ayizinkulungwane eziningana. Ukufukamela kuthatha amasonto amabili. Ichanyuselwe gazinga kuze kufike ku-7 mm ubude. Ngemuva kokuzalwa, ziwela phansi. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, baqala ukuphila impilo esebenzayo yomzingeli. Zidla zonke izinto eziphilayo, ezifanele ngosayizi. Kakhulu iplankton. Izinhlobo ezihlobene, isibonelo, ama-gobies ayindilinga, ayadliwa.
- UMartovik goby.
Isakhamuzi se-Azov neBlack Sea. Idlulisa amanzi anosawoti ahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi amanzi ahlanzekile. Ingena emifuleni. Izinhlanzi ezinkulu ngokwanele. Kuze kube ngu-35 cm ubude kuze kufike ku-600 g ngesisindo. Ukudla. Ukuziphatha kufanelekile: noma yiziphi izidalwa eziphilayo ezitholakala ezansi zisetshenziselwa ukudla. Ngo-Mashi, abadobi be-amateur oLwandle lwase-Azov bahlangana nalezi zinhlobo kaningi kunezinye izilo. Ngakho igama - martovik.
Kanye nezinhlobo zezentengiselwano, ama-gobies anentshisekelo - izakhamizi zasolwandle, ama-aquariums asemanzini. Waziwa kahle ama-aquarists uValenciennea. it i-sea goby valenciennes. Yaqanjwa ngegama lesazi sezilwane esidumile saseFrance u-Achille Valenciennes, owayephila ngekhulu le-19. Lolu uhlobo lonke. Ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-20. Okudume kakhulu yizine.
- I-goby enekhanda legolide.
- I-goby enamabala abomvu.
- Pearl goby.
- IVylancienne goby enemizila emibili.
Lezi zinhlanzi zihlala zimba phansi. Babizwa ngokuthi "burrowing bulls". Banamasu alula wokudla okunempilo. Ama-Gobies abamba inhlabathi ngemilomo yawo. Ngosizo lwamapuleti wokuhlunga agudlukayo asemlonyeni, i-substrate engezansi iyahlungwa. Isihlabathi, amatshe amatshe, imfucumfucu ilahlwa ngaphandle ngokusebenzisa izigaxa. Noma yini enenani elincane lokudla okunomsoco iyadliwa. Ngaphezu kwendalo yabo esebenzayo, ama-aquarists ayakwazisa ukubukeka okuhle kwama-gobies.
I-Rainford goby noma i-Amblygobius rainfordi iheha kakhulu. Lokhu okuhle okuncane inhlanzi, goby esithombeni kusebenza kakhulu. Yaqhubeka nokuthengiswa kuphela ngo-1990. Ngokwanda kokuthandwa kwama-aquariums asemanzini. Ngokwemvelo ayihlanganisi ngamaqembu noma ngemihlambi, ithanda isizungu. E-aquarium, kungahle kungahambisani nezinhlobo zazo.
Into emangalisa kakhulu nge-dracula goby igama. Kungani iStonogobiops dracula, isakhamuzi saseSeychelles naseMaldives, sathola leli gama kunzima ukusho. Inhlanzi encane enemigqa ihlala emgodini owodwa ne-shrimp. Mhlawumbe, ukubonakala ngasikhathi sinye kwe-goby kanye nemfanzi evela emgodini kwenziwa umxhwele kakhulu kumtholi wayo.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Ama-Gobies atholakala emhlabeni wonke. Bakhetha izindawo ezishisayo nendawo efudumele. Bazivumelanise nosawoti, amanzi anosawoti amancane namanzi amasha.I-goby yamanzi amasha uhlala emifuleni, emachibini amadamu. amaxhaphozi emihlume, ezansi endaweni yasogwini lolwandle. Ezinye izinhlobo zihlala ezindaweni eziphansi zemifula, lapho amanzi anosawoti oguquguqukayo. Ama-35% esamba senani lama-gobies angabahlali bamakhorali.
Kunezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezihlele impilo yazo ngendlela ephawuleka kakhulu. Lawa ama-shrimp gobies. Bangena ku-symbiosis nezinye izimpilo zasolwandle. Zuza ekuhlalisaneni nezimfanzi zamantongomane, nazo ezingahlali kokwehlulwayo.
Wakha umgodi lapho angacasha khona futhi unendawo eyanele yokuhlala inkunzi eyodwa noma ezimbili. I-goby, isebenzisa ukubona okuhle kakhulu, ixwayisa imfanzi ngengozi. Lokhu-ke kugcina indlu ejwayelekile isesimweni esihle. Ama-Gobies awahlali kuphela emgodini ngokwawo, kodwa futhi azalela kuwo.
Esinye isibonelo se-symbiosis yindlela yokuphila yama-neon gobies. Zisebenza njenge-oda: zihlanza umzimba, izifuba nemilomo emikhulu, kufaka phakathi izinhlanzi ezidlayo. Ukuhlala kwama-neon gobies kuphenduka isiteshi sokususa izinambuzane. Umthetho wokuthi inhlanzi enkulu edlayo encane ayisebenzi endaweni yenhlanzeko.
Ukudla okunomsoco
IGobies izakhamuzi ezidla inyama zezilwandle nemifula. Bathola inqwaba yesabelo sabo sokudla ngokuhlola ulwandle noma umfula ongezansi. Emanzini asezansi kakhulu agcwele i-zooplankton. Ukudla kufaka izibungu zanoma iyiphi inhlanzi nezinambuzane, ama-crustaceans afana nama-amphipods, ama-gastropods.
Ngokubonakala kuhamba kancane izinhlanzi ze-goby ihlasela ngempumelelo izihlobo ezincane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ishwabadela amaqanda kanye nefry yezinye izinhlanzi. Kepha isifiso sokudla akuholeli ekwehlisweni kwenani lezinhlanzi eziseduze kwabo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
ETropical izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ungahambelani nesikhathi sonyaka esiqinile lapho uzalanisa. Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile, konke kucacile. Isikhathi sokukhwelana siqala entwasahlobo futhi singanweba kulo lonke ihlobo.
Indoda ilungisa indawo yokuhlala. Kungaba umgodi, usinki osuswe imfucumfucu, igebe phakathi kwamatshe. Izindonga nophahla lwesidleke kufanele kube bushelelezi. Owesilisa unesibopho salokhu. Ngemuva komsebenzi wokulungiselela, ukukhwelana kuyenzeka. Ngaphambi kokuzala, insikazi ihlala esidlekeni: iyayishiya iphinde izinze futhi.
Ukuzalela kwenzeka emini. Umzali unamathela ngobunono, ngokulinganayo ngokunamathisela amaqanda avele ezindongeni nasophahleni lwendawo yokukhosela, bese eyashiya. Eyesilisa iyangena. Umsebenzi wawo ukudala ukujikeleza kwamanzi ngamaphiko akhe, ngaleyo ndlela kunikeze amaqanda umoya-mpilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uvikela izinkunzi zesikhathi esizayo.
Okungenani isonto liyadingeka ukuvuthwa kwe-caviar. Amafry avela aqala ukuhola impilo ezimele. I-plankton engezansi iba ukudla kwabo, futhi ulwelwe, amatshe, amakhorali baba yisivikelo sabo.
Izinkunzi ezisencane, uma ziphumelela, zineminyaka emibili ubudala zingazalela izingane zazo. Isikhathi sokuphila kwalezi zinhlanzi sisukela eminyakeni emi-2 kuye kwengu-5. Kwezinye izinhlobo, ikakhulukazi ezeduna, kunethuba elilodwa kuphela lokukhiqiza inzalo. Ngemuva kokuzala okokuqala, ziyafa.
Ososayensi bakhombise ikhono eliyisimangaliso ezinhlotsheni eziningi zama-goby asezindaweni ezishisayo. Bangashintsha ubulili. Ukuguqulwa okunjalo kuyisici sezinhlanzi zezinhlobo zeScoryphopterus personatus. Abesifazane bangazalwa kabusha baba ngabesilisa. Kukhona okucatshangwayo mayelana nokwenzeka kokuguqulwa kwabesilisa kube kwabesifazane. Ama-gobies ohlobo lweParagobiodon asolwa ngalokhu.
Intengo
Inkunzi iyaqhubeka ithengiswe ngezakhi ezimbili. Okokuqala, kungumkhiqizo wokudla. Izinhlanzi ze-Azov goby, chilled, eqandisiwe kulinganiselwa kuma-ruble angama-160-200 ngekhilogremu ngalinye. I-goby edume kutamatisi ibiza ama-ruble angu-50-60 kuphela ngekani ngalinye.
Okwesibili, ama-gobies athengiswa ukuze uwagcine ezindaweni zasemanzini. Amanani alaba bantu abahlala ezindaweni ezishisayo ahluke kakhulu. Kusuka kuma-ruble angama-300 kuye kwayi-3000 lilinye. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye nezinhlanzi, kufanelekile ukubekela ukudla.
Ukubamba inkunzi
Zimbalwa izinhlobo zalezi zinhlanzi izinto zentengiso. Kepha abantu be-goby bathinta ngokungaqondile imiphumela yokudoba okuthengiswayo. Goby — inhlanzi, afakiwe ekudleni kwezinye izinto zasolwandle: i-cod, i-sea bass, i-flounder.
Ukubamba ama-gobies kungenye yemisebenzi yendabuko yoLwandle Olumnyama kanye nabadobi be-amateur base-Azov. Kuyaziwa futhi ngabadobi abahlala eCaspian. Ukubhekana kulula. Imvamisa lokhu kuyinduku yokudada noma idonk.
Into esemqoka ukuthi isiheho siwela ngokukhululeka emhlabathini. Izingcezu zenyama yezinhlanzi, izibungu, izimpethu zingenza njengokulutha. Ukudoba okuphumelelayo, ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni, kungenzeka kuphela ngemuva kokubonisana nochwepheshe wendawo.
Ukuhweba ngenhloso yokuhweba kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa amanetha okuhudula, amanetha angahleliwe. Ukulwa ngenhlobo ye-Peremet kujwayelekile ekubambeni izinhlanzi ezidlayo, ze-benthic. Umthamo wokukhiqizwa kwezimboni we-goby eRussia awubalulekile, awufakiwe ezinkomba zezibalo ze-Federal Agency for Fishery.
Izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezishisayo zibambe iqhaza ebhizinisini lokudoba ngendlela ehlukile: seziyizikhathi ezijwayelekile ezindaweni zasemanzini. Idume kakhulu kangangokuba iyabanjwa, ikhule futhi ithengiswe ngokuhweba.
