Isilwane esibizwa ngokuthi i-marsupial, esaziwa ngokoma igazi, asiqanjwa ngephutha ngokuthi ungusathane. Ukujwayelana kokuqala kwamakholoniyali amaNgisi nomhlali waseTasmania kwakungemnandi neze - ukumemeza ebusuku, okwethusayo, ukuhlukunyezwa kwezidalwa ezinganeliseki kwakha isisekelo sezinganekwane mayelana namandla angaqondakali omzingeli.
UDeveli waseTasmania - umhlali oyimfihlakalo wombuso wase-Australia, okufundwayo okuqhubeka kuze kube namuhla.
Incazelo nezici
Isilwane esincelisayo esinokuphakama kwenja encane engama-26-30 cm.Umzimba wesilwane ungama-50-80 cm ubude, unesisindo esingu-12-15 kg. Umzimba unamandla. Abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane. Emilenzeni yangaphambili kunezinzwani eziyisihlanu, ezine zazo ziqonde, bese eyesihlanu ohlangothini, ukuze ubambe futhi ubambe ukudla ngokuqinile.
Emilenzeni yangemuva, imifushane kunangaphambili, uzwane lokuqala alukho. Ngamazipho aso acijile, isilo sidabula kalula izindwangu nezikhumba.
Ukugcwala kwangaphandle kanye ne-asymmetry yezidladla ayihambisani nobuhle nokushesha kwesilwane esidlayo. Umsila mfushane. Ngokwesimo sayo, umuntu angahlulela inhlalakahle yesilwane. Umsila ugcina izinqolobane ezinamafutha uma kwenzeka kulambile. Uma ujiyile, umbozwe ngoboya obukhulu, kusho ukuthi umhlaseli udlile kahle, unempilo ephelele. Umsila omncane onoboya obuncane, ucishe unqunu, kuwuphawu lokugula noma indlala yesilwane. Isikhwama sesifazane sibukeka njengesikhumba esigobile.
Inhloko isayizi enkulu maqondana nomzimba. Okuqine kunazo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo ezingama-marsupial, imihlathi iguqulelwa ukuba yephule amathambo kalula. Ngokuluma kanye, isilo sikwazi ukuchoboza umgogodla wesisulu. Izindlebe zincane, zipinki ngombala.
Amadevu amade, inzwa yokuhogela yenza kube lula ukuthola isisulu ngaphakathi kwe-1 km. Ukubona okucijile ngisho nasebusuku kwenza kube lula ukubona ukunyakaza okuncane, kepha kunzima ngezilwane ukuhlukanisa izinto ezimile.
Izinwele ezimfushane zesilwane zimnyama, amabala amhlophe wesimo esihlanganisiwe atholakala esifubeni, kwi-sacrum. Amabala eLunar nophizi abancane kwesinye isikhathi kubonakala ezinhlangothini. Ngokubukeka I-Tasmanian devil iyisilwane kufana nebhere elincane. Kepha zinokubukeka okuhle ngesikhathi sokuphumula. Ukuze uthole impilo esebenzayo esebenza ngokwesabisa izakhamuzi zase-Australia, lesi silwane asibizwanga ngosathane ngengozi.
Isikhathi eside izakhamizi zaseTasmania bezingakwazi ukuthola ukuthi imisindo ephuma kuzilwane ezinolaka inhloboni. Ukuqhuma, ukuphenduka ukukhwehlela, ukugquma okusongelayo kubhekiswe emandleni e-otherworldly. Ukuhlangana nesilwane esinolaka ngokwedlulele, ukukhipha ukukhala okukhulu, kunqume isimo sengqondo kuye.
Kwaqala ukushushiswa ngobuningi bezilwane ezinobuthi kanye nezicupho, okwacishe kwaholela ekubhujisweni kwazo. Inyama yama-marsupials kuvele ukuthi iyadliwa, ifana ne-veal, okusheshise ukuqedwa kwesinambuzane. Ngama-40s wekhulu lokugcina leminyaka, lesi silwane sabhujiswa cishe. Ngemuva kwezinyathelo ezithathiwe, inani labantu abambalwa likwazile ukusimama, yize isibalo sisengaphansi kokuguquguquka okunamandla.
Okunye ukwesatshiswa kwamademoni kwalethwa yisifo esiyingozi, esasithatha abantu abangaphezu kwesigamu ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21. Lezi zilwane zithinteka emikhuhlaneni yomdlavuza othelelanayo, lapho ubuso besilwane buvuvuka khona.
Osathane bafa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngenxa yendlala. Izizathu, izindlela zokulwa nalesi sifo azikaziwa. Kungenzeka ukusindisa izilwane ngendlela yokufuduka, ukuhlukaniswa. E-Tasmania, ososayensi basebenza ngenkinga yokonga abantu ezindaweni ezikhethekile zocwaningo.
Izinhlobo
UDeveli waseTasmanian (Tasmanian) waziwa ngokusemthethweni njengesilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke esidla inyama marsupial eMhlabeni. Ngokokuqala ngqá, kwenziwa incazelo yesayensi ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Ngo-1841, lesi silwane sathola igama laso lesimanje, sangena esigabeni samazwe omhlaba njengowukuphela komeleli womndeni wezidlakudla zase-Australia.
Ososayensi bakhombise ukufana okuphawulekayo phakathi kukasathane waseTasmania ne-quoll, noma i-marsupial marten. Ukuxhumeka okukude kungalandelwa nesihlobo esingasekho - i-thylacin, noma impisi ye-marsupial. I-Tasmanian devil yiyona kuphela inhlobo yohlobo lwayo iSarcophilus.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Lapho nje umhlaseli ehlala ngokukhululeka endaweni yase-Australia. Ububanzi bancipha kancane kancane ngenxa yokuhlaliswa kabusha kwezinja ezingama-dingo ezizingela uSathane waseTasmania. Abantu baseYurophu baqala ukubona umhlaseli eTasmania, izwe lase-Australia elinegama elifanayo.
Kuze kube manje, isilwane se-marsupial sitholakala kulezi zindawo kuphela. Izakhamizi zendawo zalwa ngokungenasihawu zilwa nomchithi wezinkukhu zezinkukhu, kwaze kwavinjelwa ukubhujiswa kwama-marsupials ngokuvinjelwa ngokusemthethweni.
Kuhlala uSathane waseTasmania phakathi kwamadlelo ezimvu, ema-savanna, ezindaweni zamapaki kazwelonke. Izilwane ezihlasela izilwane zigwema izindawo eziwugwadule, izindawo ezakhiwe. Umsebenzi wesilwane ubonakala kusihlwa nasebusuku, ngesikhathi sasemini isilwane sihlala emahlathini aminyene, emigodini ehlala abantu, emifantwini enamadwala. Umzingeli angatholakala egcoba otshanini elangeni ngosuku oluhle.
UDeveli waseTasmania uyakwazi ukuwela umfula ububanzi obungu-50 m, kepha ukwenza lokhu kuphela lapho kunesidingo. Izilwane ezincane ezidla ezinye zikhuphuka ezihlahleni, kuba nzima ngokomzimba kubantu abadala. Lesi sici sibalulekile njengendlela yokuphila lapho izikhukhula ezinolaka ziphishekela ukukhula okuncane. Osathane abahlangani ngamaqembu, bahlala bodwa, kepha abalahli ubuhlobo nabantu abahlobene, ngokubambisana bahlaba inyamazane enkulu.
Isilwane ngasinye sihlala endaweni enemibandela, yize singamakiwe. Omakhelwane bavame ukuhlangana. Imihume yezilwane itholakala phakathi kohlaza oluminyene, utshani obunameva, emihumeni enamadwala. Ukuze kwandiswe ukuphepha, izilwane zihlala ezindlini ezi-2-4, ezisetshenziswa njalo, futhi zinikezwa izizukulwane ezintsha zodeveli.
Udeveli we-marsupial ubonakala ngenhlanzeko emangalisayo. Uzikhotha kahle, kuze kube yilapho iphunga liphela ngokuphelele, okuvimbela ukuzingela, ngisho nokugeza ubuso bakhe. Ngezidladla ezigoqiwe eladini, ukha amanzi bese ugeza ubuso nesifuba. UDeveli waseTasmaniakubanjwe ngesikhathi senqubo yamanzi, ku isithombe kubukeka kuyisilwane esithintayo.
Esimweni esizolile, umhlaseli uyahamba kancane, kepha engozini yokuba beshesha, ahambise ngendlela engavamile, uyashesha ukugijima aze afike ku-13 km / h, kepha kuphela ibanga elifushane. Ukukhathazeka kuvusa isilwane saseTasmania, njengama-skunks, ukukhipha iphunga elingathandeki.
Isilwane esinolaka sinezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo. Ingozi ivezwa izinyoni ezidla inyama, ama-marsupial martens, izimpungushe kanye nabantu. Isilwane asihlaseli abantu ngaphandle kwesizathu, kepha isenzo esivusa inkanuko singadala ukuhlukunyezwa okuphindayo. Naphezu kobudlova, isilwane singakwazi ukuthanjiswa, siguqulwe ekubeni yisihluku sibe isilwane.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Amademoni aseTasmanian ahlukaniswa njengama-omnivores, aminzayo ngokungavamile. Umthamo wokudla wansuku zonke ucishe ube yi-15% yesisindo sesilwane, kepha isilwane esilambile singadla size sifike ku-40%. Ukudla kufushane, ngisho nenani elikhulu lokudla kudliwa yi-marsupials hhayi ngaphezu kwesigamu sehora. Ukukhala kukadeveli waseTasmania kuyimfanelo ebaluleke kakhulu yokuhlaba inyama.
Ukudla kusekelwe ezilwaneni ezincelisayo ezincane, izinyoni, izinambuzane kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Ngasogwini lwemizimba yamanzi, izilwane ezidla ezinye zibamba amaxoxo, amagundane, zicoshe ama-crayfish, izinhlanzi eziphonswe emanzini angajulile. UDeveli waseTasmania unokwanele kwanoma yikuphi ukuwa. Ngeke amoshe amandla ngokuzingela izilwane ezincane.
Umuzwa othuthukile wephunga usiza ekufuneni izimvu ezifile, izinkomo, onogwaja basendle, amagundane e-kangaroo. Ubumnandi obuthandayo - i-wallaby, ama-wombats. Isidumbu esibolile, inyama ebolile enezikelemu ayikhathazi abadla inyama. Ngaphezu kokudla kwezilwane, izilwane azinqikazi ukudla izilimo eziyizigaxa zezitshalo, izimpande, izithelo ezinamanzi.
Abadlayo bathatha inyamazane ye-marsupial martens, bathathe izinsalela zomkhosi wezinye izilwane ezincelisayo. Esimeni semvelo sendawo, izidlakela ezinesibindi zidlala indima enhle - zinciphisa ubungozi bokusabalala kwezifo.
Izilwane ezikhule kaningi kunezilwane ezidla ezinye - izimvu ezigulayo, ama-kangaroo, kwesinye isikhathi ziba yizisulu zodeveli. Amandla amangalisayo akuvumela ukuba ubhekane nesitha esikhulu, kepha esibuthakathaka.
Ukuziphatha okuxekethile kosathane be-marsupial ekusetshenzisweni kwesisulu kuyaphawuleka. Zigwinya yonke into, kufaka phakathi izingcezu zokubopha, ucwecwe, amathegi epulasitiki. Emgodini wesilwane, kutholakale amathawula, izicucu zezicathulo, ijean, upulasitiki, izindlebe zommbila.
Izithombe ze-Eerie zokudla isisulu zihambisana nokubonakaliswa kobudlova, ukukhala kwezilwane zasendle. Ososayensi babhale imisindo ehlukene engama-20 eyenziwe ekuxhumaneni kwamademoni. Ukubhodloka okunolaka, ukuxabana okwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile kuhambisana nokudla kobuSathane. Umkhosi wezilwane ezizingelayo ungazwakala kusuka kude ngamakhilomitha ambalwa.
Ngezikhathi zesomiso, isimo sezulu esibi, indlala, izilwane zisindiswa yinqolobane yamafutha asemsileni, aqoqana ngokudla okunomsoco wezilwane ezidla ezinye. Ikhono lezilwane ezisencane ukukhuphuka amatshe nezihlahla, ukubhubhisa izidleke zezinyoni kusiza ekusindeni. Abantu abanamandla bazingela izihlobo zabo ezibuthakathaka ngesikhathi sendlala.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi sokukhwelana samademoni siqala ngo-Ephreli. Ukuphikisana kwabesilisa, ukuvikelwa kwabesifazane ngemuva kokukhwelana kuhambisana nokukhala okumnandi, izimpi ezinegazi, ama-duels. Imibhangqwana eyakhiwe, noma ngabe yinyunyana emfushane, inolaka. Ubudlelwano bomuntu oyedwa abuhlukile kuma-marsupials. Udeveli wesifazane waseTasmania, ezinsukwini ezintathu ngemuva kwendlela, uxosha owesilisa. Ukuzala kungathatha izinsuku ezingama-21.
Ama-carnival angama-20-30 azalwa. Usathane wengane yaseTasmania unesisindo esingu-20-29 g.Osathane abane kuphela abasinda enzalweni enkulu ngokwesibalo sezingono esikhwameni sikamama. Owesifazane udla abantu ababuthakathaka.
Ukusebenza kwabesifazane abazelwe kuphakeme kunokwabesilisa. Ezinyangeni ezintathu, izingane zivula amehlo, imizimba enqunu imbozwe ngoboya obumnyama. Intsha yenza ama-forays ayo okuqala esikhwameni somama wayo ukuhlola umhlaba. Ukondla komama kuyaqhubeka izinyanga ezimbalwa. NgoDisemba, inzalo isiyakwazi ukuzimela ngokuphelele.
Ukukhula okuncane kweminyaka emibili ubudala kulungele ukuzalanisa. Impilo yamademoni marsupial ihlala iminyaka engu-7-8, ngakho-ke zonke izinqubo zokuvuthwa zenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu. E-Australia, isilwane esingajwayelekile kubhekiselwa kuso njengezilwane ezingokomfanekiso, izithombe zazo ezibonakala kohlamvu lwemali, izifanekiselo, amajazi ezikhali. Naphezu kokubonakaliswa kukaDeveli wangempela, isilwane sinendawo efanelekile ku-ecosystem yezwekazi.
