Izinyamazane zikaRoe, ogama lakhe ngokusho kwenganekwane livela ngamehlo ansundu, angomunye wabamele abadala kakhulu bomndeni wezinyamazane. Ucwaningo lwezinsalela ezitholwe ngesikhathi kuvubukulwa imivubukulo lwaqinisekisa ukuba khona kwezilwane ezihlobene eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-40 edlule.
Incazelo nezici
Izinyamazane iRoe yisilwane mncane ngosayizi, usentekenteke futhi unomusa ngentamo ende, egobile kahle, imilenze emifushane, ephela ngezinselo ezicijile. Ukuphakama okulingene ekubuneni kungama-80 cm, ubude bomzimba buyi-1-1.4 m. Isifonyo siba buthuntu ngamehlo amakhulu aphumile. Izindlebe, ezikhombe phezulu, zingaphezulu kancane kwengxenye yobude begebhezi. Igama lesibili lesilwane imbuzi yasendle.
Imilenze yangemuva yesilwane yinde kunaleyo engaphambili, enquma ukunyakaza ikakhulu ngokuxhuma, ivumela ukweqa ngaphezu kwamamitha amabili futhi kuze kufike kumamitha ayisithupha ukuphakama, okuthakazelisa ngobuhle baso.
Umzimba omfishane uthweswe umsila omncane, ongabonakali ngenxa yoboya obukhulu. Lapho isilwane siphapheme, umsila uyaphakama futhi indawo emhlophe ibonakala ngaphansi kwawo, ebizwa ngokuthi isibuko ngabazingeli.
Owesilisa wehlukile kowesifazane hhayi ngobukhulu bawo obukhulu kuphela, kodwa nangezimpondo zakhe, eziqala ukukhula ngenyanga yesine yokuphila. Izimpondo zenyamazane zeRoe hhayi njengamagatsha njengezinyamazane, kodwa banezici zabo. Zikhula zibheke phezulu ziye ekhanda, ziqala eminyakeni emithathu, zinezinqubo ezintathu, ezingakhuli ngeminyaka, kepha ziba ezivelele kakhulu.
Imikhawulo yezimpondo igobile ngaphakathi, njengenqubo yangaphakathi. Ukukhula kwamathambo ngama-tubercles (amaparele) athuthukile kuphuma ekhanda. Izinyamazane zeRoe ebusika zimpunga, ehlobo umbala ushintsha ube bomvu obomvu noma nsundu.
Izinhlobo
Isazi sezilwane esidumile, i-paleontologist, ikhandidethi yesayensi yezinto eziphilayo uKonstantin Flerov uhlongoze ukuhlukanisa izinyamazane zezinkukhu zibe izinhlobo ezine:
- EYurophu
Abamele lezi zinhlobo bahlala eNtshonalanga Yurophu, kufaka phakathi iGreat Britain, iCaucasus, ingxenye yaseYurophu iRussia, i-Iran, nePalestine. Izilwane zivamile naseBelarus, eMoldova, emazweni aseBaltic nasentshonalanga ye-Ukraine.
I-European roe deer iyaphawuleka ngosayizi wayo omncane - umzimba ungaphezudlwana kwemitha, ubude obubunile bungu-80 cm, kanti isisindo siyi-12-40 kg. Umbala webhatshi lasebusika unombala onsundu ngokumpunga, umnyama ukudlula owezinye izinhlobo. Ehlobo, ikhanda elimpunga liyabonakala maqondana nesizinda somzimba onsundu.
Ama-rosettes ezimpondo asondelene, iziqu ngokwazo zincane, zeluliwe kancane, zifinyelela kuma-30 cm ukuphakama. Amaparele awathuthuki kahle.
- ESiberia
Indawo yokusabalalisa yalolu hlobo isempumalanga yengxenye yaseYurophu yezwe elaliyiSoviet Union, iqala ngaphesheya kweVolga, enyakatho yeCaucasus, eSiberia kuze kufike eYakutia, izifunda ezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeMongolia nasentshonalanga yeChina.
Izinyamazane zaseSiberia kukhulu kuneYurophu - ubude bomzimba bungu-120-140 cm, ukuphakama kokubuna kufinyelela kumitha, isisindo sisuka ku-30 kuye ku-50 kg. Abanye abantu bafinyelela kuma-60 kg. Abesifazane bancane futhi baba mfushane ngo-15 cm.
Ehlobo, umbala wekhanda nomzimba uyefana - uphuzi nsundu. Izimpondo zisakazeke kabanzi, zivelele kakhulu. Bafinyelela ukuphakama kwama-40 cm, banezinqubo ezifika kwezingu-5. Amasokhethi ahlukaniswe kabanzi, awathintani. Amaparele athuthukile afana nama-scion. Izindwangu zokuzwa ezivuvukile ziyavela kugebhezi.
Umbala onamabala wezinyamazane ze-roe uvela kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kepha eSiberia, ngokungafani neYurophu, azitholakali emigqeni emithathu, kodwa kwemine.
- I-Far Eastern noma iManchu
Izilwane zihlala enyakatho yeKorea, China, Primorsky naseKhabarovsk izifunda. Ngosayizi, izinyamazane zeManchu roe zinkulu kunezaseYurophu, kepha zincane kunezaseSiberia. Isici esivelele ukuthi isibuko esingaphansi komsila asisiye esimhlophe esimhlophe, kodwa sibomvu.
Ebusika, izinwele ekhanda zigqama ngombala onsundu ocebile kunomzimba. Ehlobo, inyamazane ye-roe iba bomvu ngokukhanyayo ngombala onsundu ngemuva.
- I-Sichuan
Indawo yokwabiwa - iChina, i-Eastern Tibet. Isici esihlukile yizindlebe zokuzwa ezinkulu kakhulu futhi ezivuvukele phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Izinyamazane zaseSichuan zifana nezinyamazane ze-Far Eastern ngokubukeka, kodwa zimfushane ngesiqu futhi ngesisindo esincane.
Uboya ebusika bumpunga ngombala onsundu, isiphongo sihlukaniswa ngombala omnyama. Ehlobo, isilwane sithola umbala wejazi elibomvu.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Ngaphandle komehluko ezinhlotsheni, indawo ebanzi yokwabiwa kwezindawo eziyizintandokazi zezinyamazane ziyafana. Lokhu kufaka amahlathi asemahlathini, amahlathi alula noma ahlanganisiwe anokuhlanza, ama-glades. Izilwane zisebenzisa amanzi amaningi, ngakho-ke zivame ukutholakala ezihlahleni ngasogwini lwemizimba yamanzi.
Isigaxa esimnyama se-coniferous taiga ngaphandle komhlonyane asizihehi izimbuzi zasendle ngenxa yokushoda kwemithombo yokudla, ikhava ephezulu yeqhwa ebusika. Kusukela ekwindla kuye entwasahlobo, izilwane zakha imihlambi emincane, enamakhanda angafika kwangu-20; ehlobo, umuntu ngamunye uhlala ngokuzimela.
Ekushiseni, inyamazane yenyamazane idla ekuseni, kusihlwa nasebusuku, ikhetha ukulinda ukushisa emthunzini wezihlahla. Ngemuva komdlandla, kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuze kube sekupheleni kukaNovemba, baqala ukufudukela endaweni yasebusika befuna ukudla noma ngenxa yoshintsho olukhulu ezimweni zezulu. Ukuhamba kwebanga elide kwenzeka ebusuku, kanti amaqembu afudukayo avamise ukuhlangana neminye imihlambi emincane endleleni.
Lapho zifika endaweni, izilwane ziphephela ehlathini, zikhukhule iqhwa ziye emhlabathini ongenalutho endaweni yokuphumula. Emimoyeni enamandla, zilala ndawonye. Esimweni sezulu esizolile, bakhetha ukuhlela izindawo zokuphumula kude komunye nomunye.
Babekwe ukulawula isikhala esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngasikhathi sinye, umoya kufanele uvunguze ngemuva ukuze uzwe iphela isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba usondele.
Ukunyakaza kwebanga elide kubangelwa inyamazane yaseSiberia. Esikhathini sokusatshalaliswa kwezinhlobo zaseYurophu, isimo sezulu sithambile, kulula ukuthola ukudla, ngakho-ke ukuzulazula kukhawulelwe ekuguqulweni okungabalulekile. Abantu abasuselwa emithambekeni yezintaba behlela emabhande aphansi ebusika noma bathuthele komunye umthambeka, lapho kuneqhwa elincane.
Izimbuzi zasendle zingabhukudi ezinhle kakhulu ezikwazi ukuwela i-Amur. Kepha uqweqwe luphakeme kunama-30 cm ezinhlotsheni zaseYurophu no-50 cm kowaseSiberia kubangela ubunzima bokuhamba. Abasakhulayo bahluba izinyawo zabo kuqweqwe lweqhwa futhi bavame ukuba yizisulu zezimpisi, izimpungushe, i-lynx noma i-harza. Izinyamazane zeRoe ebusika izama ukulandela indlela eshayiwe ukuze ingangeni eqhweni.
Ebusika obubandayo obunokufakwa okuhlala isikhathi eside, ngaphezu kokuhlaselwa kwezilwane ezihlasela umhlambi, enye ingozi ilindelwe. Kukhona ukufa okukhulu kwabantu ngenxa yokwehluleka ukuthola ukudla.
Entwasahlobo, amaqembu abuyela emadlelweni asehlobo, ahlukane, futhi umuntu ngamunye abe nesakhiwo sakhe samamitha ayisikwele ama-2-3. km. Zisesimweni esizolile, izilwane zihamba lapho zihamba noma zishayisana, uma kwenzeka ingozi ziyagxuma, zizendlale ngaphezu kwenhlabathi. Umbono wabo awuthuthukisiwe ngokwanele, kepha ukuzwa nephunga kusebenza kahle.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukudla kwezinyamazane ze-roe kufaka amakhambi, amahlumela, amaqabunga, amaqabunga amancane nezithelo zezihlahla nezihlahla. Ebusika, izimbuzi zasendle zidla:
- hay;
- amagatsha e-aspen, willow, bird cherry, honeysuckle, linden, ash ash;
- ubulembu nobulembu obutholwe ngaphansi kweqhwa.
Ezimweni ezehlukile, izimbuzi zasendle zikulungele ukudla izinaliti, kepha ngokungafani namanye amagxolo e-reindeer azidli. Izinyamazane ze-Roe zikhetha ngokukhethekile ukudla okugaya kalula, okunamanzi. Ehlobo, bathanda ama-lingonberries, ama-blueberries nama-strawberry asendle.
Amakhowe adliwa ngamanani amancane. Bathanda ukudla emadlelweni ngamakhambi noma amasimu e-clover. Ama-acorn, ama-chestnut, izithelo zezihlahla zezithelo zasendle, amantongomane e-beech akhiwa phansi.
Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, kudliwa u-anyanisi, iminduze, i-burnet, isambulela, okusanhlamvu nezitshalo zeCompositae. Kwesinye isikhathi basondela emanzini avaliwe befuna izitshalo zasemanzini nezinamanzi. Umhlonyane usetshenziselwa ukuqeda ama-parasites.
Bathanda ukuvakashela izikhothwa zikasawoti wemvelo nezenziwe, abazingeli abazisebenzisayo lapho bethungatha izilwane. Ngesikhathi sokudla, izilwane ziziphatha zingahluphi futhi ziyaxwaya, imvamisa ziyaqalaza, zihogela futhi zilalele wonke amarhewu.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Izinyamazane zeRoe zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila. Umkhuba uqala ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi noma ngo-Agasti. Ngalesi sikhathi, inkunzi esikhulile ikwazi ukuvundisa abesifazane abangafika kwabayisithupha. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha amasonto angama-40, kepha kunezici zako.
I-fetus, ngemuva kokudlula ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhula, iqanda ize ifike ezinyangeni ezi-4-4.5. Ukukhula kwayo okuqhubekayo kwenzeka kusukela ngoDisemba kuya ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Uma ihlobo lasehlobo lilahlekile futhi ukukhulelwa kwenzeka ngoDisemba, ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga ezi-5 kuphela, kudlula isikhathi se-latency.
I-rut uqobo nayo ayijwayelekile. Izinkunzi azibhongi, njengezinye izinhlobo zezinyamazane, zifuna umuntu wobulili obuhlukile, kepha zizithola zingaphakathi kwemingcele yesakhiwo sazo. Ukulwa phakathi kwabesilisa abavela ezindaweni eziseduze kusenzeka lapho bengakwazi ukwaba into ebabayo.
Ngokuzala, imbuzi iya emahlathini aminyene eduze kwamanzi. Amazibulo aletha inyamazane eyodwa ye-roe, abantu abadala - ababili noma abathathu. Phakathi nezinsuku zokuqala, izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zibuthakathaka kakhulu, zilele namanje, isibeletho asisuki kude nazo.
Ngemuva kwesonto, izingane ziqala ukumlandela amabanga amafushane. Maphakathi noJuni, izinyamazane ze-roe sezivele zondla ngokuzimela ngokuphelele, kuthi ngo-Agasti umbala wokufihla obonakalayo ubonwe ube nsundu noma ophuzi.
Ngekwindla, emadvodza lamancane anetimphondvo letincane letingu-5 cm, letichitfwa ngaDisemba. Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya entwasahlobo, okusha kuyakhula, njengabantu abadala. Isikhathi sokuphila sezimbuzi zasendle siyiminyaka eyi-12-16.
Ukuzingela kwezinyamazane
Roe - into yokuhweba, ukuzingela kwezemidlalo. Ukudutshulwa kwabesilisa kuvunyelwe ngokusemthethweni nelayisense kusuka ngoMeyi kuya maphakathi no-Okthoba. Isikhathi sokuzingelwa kwabesifazane sivulwa ngo-Okthoba futhi siphela ngasekupheleni kukaDisemba.
Izinyamazane zeRoe ithathwa njengebaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwabangasetshenziswanga. Ikhalori eliphansi, liqukethe kuphela u-6% wamafutha aphikisayo aphansi. Kufanele ukudla okunomsoco kokubili abantu abaphilile nabagulayo. Izakhi ezibaluleke kakhulu zigxilwe esibindini, kanti isibindi sibizwa ngezici ze-anticancer. Yingakho izimbuzi zasendle zikhanga kangako njengezinto zokudutshulwa.
Izilwane zihlala ziqaphile, noma ngabe zisemadlelweni noma ziseholidini. Izimbuzi zijika amakhanda ezinhlangothini ezahlukene, zihambise izindlebe zazo. Ngengozi encane ziba yiqhwa, nganoma yisiphi isikhathi zikulungele ukubaleka. Izinto ezingaziwa, ezisolisayo zidlulwa ohlangothini lwe-leeward.
Ukuzingela kwezinyamazane ihlola abadobi nezimfundamakhwela ngokukhuthazela, ukuqeqeshwa kwezemidlalo, isivinini sokuphendula, nokunemba kokuthwebula. Ebusika, umzingeli oyedwa uzingela isilwane lapho eqamekele noma esondela kuso.
Icala lesibili lijabulisa kakhulu, lidinga ikhono, ubuhlakani kanye nolwazi lokuziphatha kwezimbuzi. Okokuqala, indawo iyahlolwa. Lapho uthola amathrekhi, umzingeli onolwazi unquma uhlobo lokuhamba.
Ukuphrinta kwezinselo ezincanyana kanye nezinhlobonhlobo eziningi kwazisa ukuthi kunendawo yokukhuluphalisa lapha futhi namathuba okubona umhlambi mkhulu. Imvamisa izindawo zokudlela nezokuphumula zitholakala komakhelwane, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukufuna izidleke. Izici zabo ubukhulu bazo obuncane.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isilwane silingana kahle - sithatha imilenze yaso ngaphansi kwaso, sicindezele ikhanda saso sifike esifubeni sayo. Uma amathrekhi angavamile, ejulile - izinyamazane ze-roe zibalekile, akusizi ngalutho ukuqhubeka nazo.
Imithetho nemibandela yokuzingela ngendlela:
- Izimo zezulu ezithandekayo - kunamafu futhi kunomoya. Udinga ukuhamba entathakusa.
- Isibhamu nemishini kulungiswa kusengaphambili.
- Baqala ukuhamba bezungeza insimu emaphethelweni.
- Ukuhamba kufanele kuthule, lapho kubheka iphuzu elithile, ziyama.
- Awukwazi ukubhema, sebenzisa imikhiqizo yamakha.
- Basondela ezilwaneni bebhekene nomoya.
- Nyathela iqhwa ngephethini le-zigzag, uwele amathrekhi ngokungafani.
- Amathuba okuphumelela andiswa ngokulandela umkhondo womhlambi kunokulandela umuntu.
- Uma uzwa ukuqhekeka kwegatsha elingaphansi kwezinyawo zakho noma ubona ukuthi imbuzi isiphendulele isifonyo ngakuwe - yiqhwa unganyakazi okungenani imizuzu emihlanu.
- Ukushesha nokushesha lapho udubula isibhamu kuzokwehluleka. Isibhamu siqala ukusebenza lapho inyamazane ye-roe ima ukuze kutholakale umthombo wengozi ngemuva kokuqaqa okumbalwa kokuqala ngenxa yokwesaba.
Isilwane esilimele sikwazi ukuhamba ibanga elide. Ukugwema ukuphishekela isikhathi eside isilwane esilimele, udinga ukudubula ngokuqinisekile. Indawo ekahle yokudubula yingxenye yangaphambili yomzimba, okungukuthi ikhanda, intamo, isifuba, ngaphansi kwensimbi yehlombe.
Ehlobo, ngaphezu kokusondela ekuzingeleni, izinkunzi zizingelwa ngosizo lwe-semolina ngesikhathi se-rut. Umsindo kufanele ufane nowesifazane. Baqala ngokuthula, basebenzise ukukhohlisa njalo ngemizuzu eyi-10, bakhuphule ivolumu kancane kancane.
Izilwane ezincane ziza ngokushesha. Kwesinye isikhathi insikazi ikhonjiswa kuqala, kulandele inkunzi. Ukuzingela kususelwa embhoshongweni kuyenziwa, lapho umzingeli ebeka khona ukuqamekela esihlahleni, eseke wahlela ukukhotha usawoti, noma i-corral.
Esimweni sesibili, iqembu labazingeli lihlukaniswe ngabashayi nabadubulayo ezinombolweni. Abokuqala bahlela ukuqoqwa kwezinyamazane zezinja nezinja, njengoba ngaphambili bebelengise insimu ngamafulegi, ngaphandle kwezindawo lapho imicibisholo ikhona khona.
Izinyamazane zeRoe ekwindla ayinaso isikhathi sokusebenzisa izakhamzimba ezitholakala ehlobo, ngakho-ke inyama yayo ibhekwa njengelusizo kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka, ikakhulukazi ngoSepthemba. Inyama yembuzi yasendle ingumvuzo ofanelekile kumzingeli, ngoba akuyona into elula ukulandelela phansi nokubulala isilwane esisheshayo, esiqaphelayo.
