Esigabeni sama-flagellate, izidalwa eziphilayo zihlangene ezihamba ngosizo lwe-flagella eyodwa noma ngaphezulu. Baningi abamele lesi sigaba ngokwemvelo. Lesi sigaba sifaka phakathi izakhamizi eziningi zezindawo zasolwandle kanye namanzi angenasawoti, kanye nalezo zinto esizijwayele ukubiza ngama-parasites.
Amapharamitha kanye nokwakheka kwemizimba yabo kuhluke kakhulu. Esikhathini esiningi baba ngesimo seqanda, isilinda, uthi lokuphotha noma ibhola. Ngesikhathi sokuphila, imizimba yama-flagellate igcwele izakhi ezahlukahlukene, kusuka kwamaconsi wezinto ezinjengamafutha, i-glucogenes, isitashi, njll.
Izici, isakhiwo nendawo yokuhlala
Ummeleli ovame kakhulu walezi zidalwa emvelweni okuluhlaza oku-euglena. Lesi sidalwa esilula esinengqamu eyodwa sisalokhu siyimfihlakalo kososayensi.
Sekuyiminyaka eminingi ososayensi bephikisana bodwa ngokuthi ngabe ngesikabani lesi sidalwa esingajwayelekile. Abanye ososayensi bathambekele ekucabangeni ukuthi lesi yisilwane, yize sinesakhiwo esilula futhi sincane kakhulu. Abanye i-euglena green ikhonjisiwe ulwelwe, okungukuthi, emhlabeni wezitshalo.
Uhlala emanzini amasha. Amaxhaphozi angcolisiwe, amanzi amile anamaqabunga abolile kuwo ayindawo eyintandokazi yalowo omele ama-flagellates. Ukuhamba, u-Euglena usebenzisa i-flagellum eyodwa, ephambi komzimba wakhe we-fusiform. Umzimba wonke umbozwe ngegobolondo lokuqina okuminyene.
Isisekelo se-flagellum sihlotshiswe ngeso elibonakala kahle, umbala obomvu ogqamile obizwa nge-stigma. Le peephole ikhulise ukuzwela kokukhanya futhi iqondisa i-euglena ukuthi ibhukude ibheke ekukhanyeni okuhle kakhulu echibini, okukhuthaza i-photosynthesis engcono.
Futhi ifakwe i-vacuole evuthayo, ebhekele izinhlelo zokuphefumula nezokungcebeleka zalesi sidalwa. Lokhu kuyefana amoeba no-euglena oluhlaza. Ngenxa yalesi sitho, umzimba ulahla amanzi amaningi.
Ukuphela kwayo okuphambene kunenhloko enkulu, egcina ngaphansi kokulawulwa okuqinile zonke izinqubo ezibalulekile zokuphila zalesi sidalwa esiphilayo. I-cytoplasm yase-Euglena iqukethe inani elikhulu lama-chloroplast angaba ngu-20.
Zisebenza njengomthombo we-chlorophyll, enikeza i-euglena umbala wayo oluhlaza. Lokhu kusebenza njengempendulo yombuzo - kungani iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngakho bakubiza kanjalo. Ngombala wakhe, umbala ohlaza okotshani unqoba ngempela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-chlorophyll isiza inqubo ebalulekile emzimbeni we-euglena - photosynthesis. Ngokukhanya okuhle, lesi sidalwa sondla njengesitshalo esijwayelekile, okungukuthi, i-autotrophic.
Ngokuqala kobumnyama, inqubo yokugaya ishintsha ngandlela thile futhi ukuphakelwa okuluhlaza oku-euglena, njengesilwane, sidinga ukudla okungokwemvelo, okukuguqula kube ngumzimba we-hypertrophic.
Ngakho-ke, ososayensi abakaze banqume ukuthi lesi sidalwa esiyingqayizivele kufanele sibhekwe kubani - kuzitshalo noma ezilwaneni. I-cytoplasm yayo iqoqa okusanhlamvu okuncane kwezakhamzimba ezibekiwe, ukwakheka kwazo okuseduze nokwesitashi.
U-Euglena uzisebenzisa lapho ezila ukudla. Uma i-euglena isebumnyameni isikhathi eside, ukwahlukaniswa kwama-chloroplast ayo akwenzeki. Ukwahlukaniswa kwezinto eziphilayo ezingama-unicellular uqobo kuyaqhubeka. Le nqubo iphela ngokuvela kwe-euglena, engenawo ama-chloroplast.
Umzimba we-euglena green unesimo esihlanganisiwe, esibukhali eduze kwengxenye engemuva. Imingcele yayo imincane kakhulu - ubude bungaba ama-microns angama-60, futhi ububanzi abudluli kuma-microns ayi-18.
Ukuhamba komzimba kungenye yezici ze-euglena green. It izinkontileka futhi luyanda njengoba kudingekile. Lokhu kungenxa yemicu yamaprotheni akhona ku- isakhiwo euglena oluhlaza... Lokhu kumsiza ukuba ahambe ngaphandle kosizo lwe-flagellum.
Isicathulo se-infusoria ne-euglena green - lezi yizidalwa ezimbili abantu abaningi abacabanga ukuthi zifana kakhulu. Eqinisweni, zihluke ngokuphelele. Lokhu kubonakala ikakhulu endleleni ondliwa ngayo.
Uma i-euglena green ingadla njengesilwane nesitshalo, i-ciliate ikhetha ukudla okungokwemvelo kuphela. Lokhu okulula kakhulu kutholakala noma kuphi. Noma imuphi umzimba wamanzi angenasawoti angagcwala izakhamuzi ezingavamile kakhulu, kufaka phakathi i-euglena eluhlaza.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Uma ubona impilo ye-euglena green ngemicroscope, ungaphetha ngokuthi lesi yisidalwa esikhulukazi futhi esinesibindi. Yena, ngomdlandla omkhulu nangomdlandla, wethusa i-ciliate ngesicathulo futhi, ngokusobala, lokhu kumlethela injabulo engavamile.
Endabeni ye-euglena ebekwe isikhathi eside ebumnyameni, i-chlorophyll yanyamalala ngokuphelele, okwenza ingabi nambala ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuthinta ukumiswa kwe-photosynthesis. Ngemuva kwalokho, le flagellate kufanele ishintshele ekudleni okungokwemvelo kuphela.
Ukuhamba ngosizo lwe-euglena flagellum, kungahamba ibanga elide kakhulu. Kulokhu, i-flagellum ibonakala ifakwa emifudlaneni yamanzi, ifana nophephela wezikebhe zemoto noma izitimu.
Uma siqhathanisa ijubane lokuhamba kwe-euglena eluhlaza nesicathulo se-ciliate, khona-ke eyokuqala ihamba ngokushesha okukhulu. Lokhu kuhamba kuhamba njalo kubhekiswe ezindaweni ezikhanyayo.
Ijubane le-euglena lingakhuphuka kakhulu ngokusebenzisa i-vacuole, esiza isidalwa ukuthi sikhulule konke okubambezela ukubhukuda kwaso. Ukuphefumula kule protozoan kwenzeka ngenxa yokumuncwa komoya-mpilo ngumzimba wakhe wonke.
U-Euglena angaphila kunoma iyiphi indawo, noma yisiphi isidalwa esiphilayo singaba nomona ngaleli khono. Isibonelo, echibini elifrize okwesikhashana, i-euglena green imane nje ayinyakazi futhi ayondli, ishintsha kancane ukwakheka kwayo.
Umsila we-protozoan, okuthiwa i-flagellum, uyawa bese i-euglena iba nxazonke. Imbozwe ngegobolondo elikhethekile lokuzivikela ngakho-ke lingasinda kunoma yisiphi isimo sezulu esibi. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-cyst. Ungahlala ku-cyst kuze kube yilapho izimo zemvelo yakhe zivuma yena.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Uma amadamu eqhubeka eba luhlaza ngokwengeziwe, khona-ke kukhona ama-euglena aluhlaza amaningi kuwo. Ngokusuka kulokhu, singaphetha ngokuthi imvelo ilungele okulula kakhulu, inokuthile okudliwayo. Ngenxa ye-chlorophyll emzimbeni walesi sidalwa esithokozisayo, ukuguqulwa kwe-carbon dioxide ku-carbon kanye nezinto eziphilayo kube yinto engajwayelekile.
Umsoco onjalo wesitshalo we-flagellate ungashintshwa ngomunye, eduze kwezilwane. Lokhu kwenzeka ezimeni zokukhanya ezingezinhle. Ngenhlanhla, kunokuningi okwanele kwezinto eziphilayo emanzini angcolile, ngakho-ke i-euglena eluhlaza ayihlali ilambile.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
I-Euglena green izala kabusha indlela ye-asexual kuphela, lapho ukwahlukaniswa kweseli lomama kwenzeka ngokuhlukana kobude obude kube ngamaseli amabili endodakazi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa okuguqukayo kwe-nucleus kwenzeka ngaphambi kokuqhekeka.
Ngemuva kwalokho, iseli liqala ukuhlukana kusuka ngaphambili. Kulokhu, ukwakheka kwe-flagellum entsha ne-pharynx entsha kwenzeka, kuphambuka kancane kancane. Inqubo iphela ngokuhlukaniswa kwangemuva.
Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka kwamaseli amabili endodakazi kuyatholakala, okungamakhophi ngqo weseli lomama. Isigaba esilandelayo sihlotshaniswa nokukhula kwabo kancane kancane. Esikhathini esizayo, inqubo efanayo yokuhlukanisa iyaphindwa.
