Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu bakhe ubuhlobo obukhethekile nezikhova - izakhamuzi zasendulo kakhulu emhlabeni. Isidalwa esihlakaniphile, esijulile sasendle, esinikezwe indoda ngemfihlakalo, umlingo okhethekile. Isikhova siyinyoni wangena isiko lezizwe, eselibe uphawu lokuhlakanipha, isithunywa samandla omlingo. Empilweni ejwayelekile, isilwane esinamaphiko asithandeki kangako kunezincwadi.
Incazelo nezici
Ukwehlukahlukana kokuhleleka kwezikhova kuvezwa izinyoni ezincane ezisuka kusayizi kondlunkulu ziye kubamele abakhulu abayi-60-70 cm ubude.
Kepha izici ezivamile zezinyoni zesikhova zizenza zibonakale kuwo wonke amagumbi eplanethi - ikhanda eliyindilinga ngamehlo amakhulu atholakala ngaphambili, umlomo omfishane ogobile. Izazi zezinyoni ziveza izinto eziningi zokwakheka ezihlukanisa izikhova kwezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, ukwakheka kwezinyoni kuhlukile:
- ikhono lomunwe wangaphandle lokugoba;
- i-corolla ekhazimulayo yezimpaphe ezinzima ezakha i-disc ebusweni;
- ubukhona bemiphetho ethambile namanothi kuzimpaphe, ngenxa yalokho isikhova indiza buthule.
Izidladla ezisemilenzeni enezimpaphe ziqinile futhi ziyabambelela. Uzipho olunamandla luguqulwa ukubamba isisulu, ukubamba. Iphiko elibanzi lingamasentimitha angu-150-200. Izimpaphe zesithathu nezesine yizona ezinde kakhulu. Umsila mfushane. Endizeni, izikhova zifinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-80 km / h.
Ikhanda lale nyoni libonakala likhulu ngenxa yezimpaphe eziminyene, okuyenza ibe nesimo esiyindilinga. Ikhono lezinyoni lokuzungezisa amakhanda alo ngokushintshana ngama-270 ° laziwa ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka noma ukulimala empilweni. Lesi sici sisiza izilwane ezidla ezinye ukulandela isisulu sazo.
Umbono we-Binocular unikeza izithombe ezicacile ezimnyama nezimhlophe. Ukuthola ilensi kushubhu lempondo, kunokuba kube inhlamvu yeso, kunikeza izikhova ikhono lokubona kahle ebusuku. Ukuma kwamehlo ngaphambili nakho kunomthelela ekuzingeleni ngempumelelo.
Kodwa inyoni ayikwazi ukuzungezisa amehlo ayo, njengendoda. Ukubheka kwakhe kuhlala kuqondiswe phambili. Abafundi abazweli kakhulu ekunyakazeni okuncane, kepha bayanwebeka futhi bayancipha ngesikhathi sokuphefumula kwesilwane esidlayo.
Izinyoni zizwa kangcono kunamakati kane. Indlebe engaphandle imbozwe isibambo sesikhumba, sizungezwe izimpaphe ezikhazimulayo. Ukunyakaza okuncane kwesisulu kukhaphela ubukhona baso kusikhova.
Izwi lenyoni lizwakala ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, liyanxusa. Ezikhathini zasendulo, kwakuhlotshaniswa nesizungu, ukudabuka, okubalwa phakathi kwamandla amademoni. Lapho inyoni icasukile, ikhipha uqhwaku lwesici ngokuchofoza.
Lalela izwi lesikhova esinamaqabunga amafushane
Umbala wezikhova uhlala uzifihla, uyaqonda. Amabala amnyama, ama-specks, imivimbo ihlakazekile ngemuva okuyinhloko ompunga onsundu. Buqamama, zihlangana nesizinda esizungezile, futhi kusihlwa akunakwenzeka ukubona izinyoni - umbala wokufihla ubuhle bayo.
Izinhlobo
Kunemindeni emi-2 phakathi kwezikhova - izikhova zangempela, izikhova zesibaya. Izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezinamaphiko zihlala kule ndawo ukusuka enkabazwe kuya emazweni asenyakatho. Abanye izinhlobo zezikhova wathola udumo olukhethekile.
Isikhova esinezindlebe ezinde. Izimpaphe ezinsundu ngokumpunga emzimbeni ongaphezulu onamabala amnyama; ingxenye engezansi imakwe ngemigqa eguqukayo. Ekhanda kukhona izigaxa zezindlebe zezimpaphe ezifika ku-3 cm, ezinikeze igama lale nyoni.
Ubungako besikhova bucishe bube ngamasentimitha angama-35 ubude, namaphiko angamasentimitha angama-90. Sithanda amahlathi achumile amazwe aseYurophu, enyakatho ye-Asia, lapho esidla khona. Izingela ezindaweni ezivulekile - emasimini, eceleni kwamaphoyisa. Kuhola impilo yasebusuku. Idla amagundane, izilwane ezincane, izinyoni. Isikhova esinezindlebe ezinde sichitha izinyanga zasebusika e-Afrika.
Lalela izwi lesikhova esinezindlebe ezinde
Isikhova esikhulu esimpunga. Inyoni enkulu, umzimba ongafika ku-80 cm ubude. Izimpaphe ezibhemayo. Amehlo aphuzi ngokugqamile. Umhlali waseTaiga. Kutholakala nasezintabeni eziseYurophu, eMongolia. Isikhova sathola igama laso ngenxa yendawo emnyama engezansi komlomo, ebukeka njengentshebe. Mhlophe Izimpaphe zesikhova Kwakhiwa ukhololo entanyeni.
Ondlunkulu Owl. Ummeleli omncane womndeni, ubude bomzimba wenyoni bungamasentimitha ayi-16-19 kuphela, isisindo singama-60-80 g. Eduzane kwamehlo aphuzi kunamasongo ombala omhlophe nonsundu, ngenhla kwamehlo kunamashiya amhlophe.
Amachashaza amancanyana aphuzi anombala wesikhova; ezimpapheni ezinsundu ngokunsundu ansundu emuva kunezindawo ezinkulu. Isisu simhlophe ngemivimbo emide yomthunzi omnyama. Le nyoni ihlala emahlathini ase-spruce, izingela imini nobusuku, iphila impilo yokuhlala phansi.
Lalela izwi lesikhova sondlunkulu
Isikhova esincane. Ububanzi bombala onsundu okhanyayo. Amehlo ajulile, ngenxa yalokho inyoni ibukeka ifinyisa ubuso. Izindawo ezinesihlabathi eziyindilinga ezimpikweni, amabala amade esifubeni nasesiswini.
Le nyoni ijwayelekile eSouthern Altai, eTransbaikalia, maphakathi neYurophu, emazweni ase-Asia, enyakatho ye-Afrika. Zikhetha izifunda ezisemaqeleni, izindawo eziwugwadule, lapho kunezimpuku eziningi nezibankwa.
Dlala Isikhova Esincane
Isikhova seBarn. Umehluko ogqamile phakathi kwale nyoni ukuthi i-facial disc imise okwenhliziyo. Ukubukeka okuhlukile kuhambisana nokuhlelwa kwezindlebe okungenakulinganiswa - indlebe yesobunxele itholakala ebunzini, futhi okulungile kufanele kufunwe endaweni yekhala. Lesi sici sinikeza le nyoni ukuzwa okuhle.
Ubungako besikhova sesibaya bumaphakathi - ubude bomzimba bufike ku-39 cm, isisindo esingu-200-500 g. Izimpaphe ezingemuva zibomvu ngokubomvu, zinemikhondo eminingi, amachashaza, imivimbo. Imithunzi ishintsha ngokwendawo yokuhlala kwale nyoni.
Lalela izwi lesikhova sesibaya
Isikhova esimhlophe. Inyoni ihlala ku-tundra, ngakho-ke umbala wokufihla ubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezineqhwa. Uqhwaku olumnyama, amabala amnyama, amehlo aphuzi abonakala ekhanya kakhulu kuzimpaphe ezimhlophe njengeqhwa.
Ubude benyoni bufinyelela kuma-65 cm, bunesisindo esifinyelela ku-2.5 kg. Zikhetha izindawo ezivulekile; cishe azikaze zindizelele ezindaweni zamahlathi. Ukudla kusekelwe kulamula. Isikhova Esincane efakwe ohlwini lweRed Book, uhlobo olungajwayelekile olutholakala eGreenland, eNyakatho Melika.
Isikhova soKlebe. Ubukhulu benyoni bungafaniswa nobukhulu begwababa. Umbala omthende onemigqa uyisici somzimba ongezansi. Ithoni enkulu inombala onsundu onsundu namabala amhlophe.
Kutholakala eKarelia, esifundeni saseMurmansk, eKamchatka, e-Asia, eNyakatho Melika. Umsila mude. Uklebe isikhova — inyoni ebusika. Ekudleni kwesikhathi esinzima, esikhundleni samagundane, kuvela ama-hazel grouses kanye ne-ptarmigan.
Lalela isikhova sikakhokho
I-Scops owl (i-scoop ejwayelekile). Izimpaphe zinombala onsundu ngokumpunga okunemigqa eminingi, imivimbo elula yokuwela. Ubude be-scops owl bungamasentimitha angama-22, isisindo singama-80 g. Ihlala ezifundeni zehlathi elisentabeni. Isifuduki. Ubusika e-Afrika, eningizimu ye-Asia.
Lalela izwi lesikhova se-scops
Isikhova. Emndenini omkhulu wezikhova, lo ngummeleli omkhulu kunabo bonke. Ekhanda elikhulu ezindaweni zokuvuleka kokuzwa kunezimpaphe ezinzima, ezifana nezindlebe. Umbala wezimpaphe yi-fawn, ocher.
Ngokungafani nezihlobo eziningi, zizingela inyamazane enkulu emini - ama-hares, ama-roe deer amancane, ama-pheasants. Izindawo zokuhlala eziyizintandokazi ama-steppes, lapho amaphiko amakhulu engahlangabezani nezingqinamba.
Lalela izwi lesikhova
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Izikhova zixazululwe yonke indawo - zitholakala ogwini lolwandle, ogwadule, izindawo ezinezintaba, phakathi kwamathafa, amahlathi. Ngeke uthole izikhova kuphela e-Antarctica. Kunezinhlobo eziyi-18 zezikhova eRussia. Ngaphezu kwezilwane zasendle, izilwane ezidla ezinye zihlala emaphethelweni edolobha, budebuduze nalapho kuhlala khona abantu.
Ephahleni lwezakhiwo, ngaphansi kophahla lwezindlu, ungathola ukuthi yini ehlala lapho isikhova. Hlobo luni lwenyoni, lokufuduka noma cha, kuyacaca ekuziphatheni ngokufika kwezulu elibandayo. Akuzona zonke izinhlobo zezikhova ezindiza ezifundeni eziseningizimu, iningi lihlala phansi. Ukufuduka kubangelwa kuphela ukuntuleka kokudla okukhulu. Izinyoni zezintaba zifudukela emathafeni, izikhova zasenyakatho zishiya izindawo zazo zokuhlala ngaphambi kokufudumala.
AmaWoodlands aheha izinyoni, kepha kunezinhlobo eziboshelwe ezindaweni ezivulekile. Izidleke zezinyoni zingatholakala emigodini eshiyiwe, phakathi kwemifantu yamatshe; izikhova ezineqhwa zizalela amaqanda emgodini.
Isikhova - inyoni yasebusuku, kodwa umkhovu omhlophe, owoklebe, owendlu uyazingelwa emini. Ukubona okuhle kakhulu, ukuzwa okujulile, ikhono lokundiza buthule kwenza izinyoni zingabazingeli abangenakuqhathaniswa. Ukufuna inyamazane, kwesinye isikhathi ikhipha ukukhala okubukhali okusabisa amagundane. Ukunyakaza okuncane kusebenza njengesiginali kulowo ohlasela umhlaseli ukuze ahlasele.
Ngezwi, imisindo yesici, unganquma uhlobo lwenyoni:
- Isikhova sishicilela "uhleko";
- "Ukugoqa, ukukhwehlela" isici sesikhova esinezindlebe ezinde, isikhova esi-tawny;
- i-monosyllabic hooting izanywa kabusha yisikhova esineqhwa;
- impempe eyisimanga ivela esikhova sondlunkulu, isikhova se-scops.
Izikhova zihlala impilo eyodwa, aziphambukeli emhlambini. Ukuphila okuhlukile kuhlotshaniswa nokunamathiselwe kusayithi elithile, insimu ngayinye.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Isikhova siyinyoni edla inyama, isisekelo sokudla kungukudla okuvela ezilwaneni. Njengoba zingabazingeli abasezingeni eliphakeme, izinyoni ziyazondla ngokuhlinzekwa kunoma yiziphi izimo. Ukutholakala kokudla kuncike endaweni yokuhlala.
Izinyoni ezincane zidla inani elikhulu lama-amphibian, izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene (amabhungane, izintethe), amagundane amancane (amagundane, ama-voles), asiza kakhulu, abhubhise abantu basehlathini abayingozi.
Izikhova ezinkulu zizingela izilwane ezincelisayo (ama-hedgehogs, hares). Ziphinde zidle amagundane, izibankwa, izinyoka, ulamula, amasele, nemikhondo. Izikhova zihlasela izinyoni kaningi, kepha ngezikhathi zendlala zihlasela izinkukhu nabadlula ngendlela. Izinhlobo ze-Owl ezihlala emgqeni osogwini zibamba izinhlanzi, zidle izinkalankala, izimbaza.
Isici sezikhova saziwa isikhathi eside, kuze kube yinyanga, ukukwenza ngaphandle kwamanzi. Isidingo sokuphuza uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo, sakha igazi lezisulu. Kepha izidlo ezinezimpaphe zidinga amadamu hhayi kuphela ukuqeda ukoma kwawo, kepha futhi nezinqubo zenhlanzeko. Emazweni ashisayo, izikhova zengeza ekudleni ngezithelo ezinempilo, amajikijolo nezitshalo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Izikhova zakha ngababili unomphela, ukuzalanisa, njengomthetho, kanye ngonyaka. Kepha inala yokudla ingasiza ukudala imikhuhlane emisha ngesizini efanayo. Ezidlekeni zazo isikhova ehlathini ayakhi, ithola imigodi efanelekile, ihlala ezidlekeni ezindala ezishiywe izinyoni, ihlala emifantwini, ezindaweni eziyimfihlo. Ezinye izinhlobo, njengesikhova esinamaqabunga amafushane, zifukamela amaqanda aso emhlabathini, ezimileni eziminyene, noma zenze izimbobo ezincane.
E-clutch kuvame amaqanda ama-3-10 amhlophe, ngosayizi omncane, acishe abe yindilinga ejwayelekile. Insikazi ifukamela amaqanda, kuqala ngeyokuqala, kungakapheli nenyanga, ngakho-ke, amaphuphu aneminyaka ehlukene avele esidlekeni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Owesilisa ubamba iqhaza ekondleni insikazi, futhi kamuva - inzalo esele ivele.
Ama-owlets achanyuselwa embozwe phansi, kepha abuthakathaka kakhulu, angaphakamisi amakhanda. Ababoni futhi abayizithulu okwesikhashana. Lapho iphuphu lokugcina lisencane lifukamela, abadala sebenezinsuku eziyi-10 ubudala. Amachwane asekhulile athola ukunakwa okwengeziwe.
Bakukhuthalele ukuhlwitha ukudla ngomlomo wabazali babo; abancane bangavele bangatholi lutho. Ngezikhathi zendlala, kunezimo zokudla abantu, umzamo wezinyoni ezindala kubafowabo abancane esidlekeni.
Amachwane esikhova emva kwezinsuku ezingaba ngu-20, benza imizamo yokuqala yokundiza baphume esidlekeni. Ukuhlala emgodini kuvame ukuba kude. Ngokuvamile, izikhova zizimela ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingu-2-3.
Izikhova emvelweni azivamile ukuhlala isikhathi eside kuneminyaka eyi-8-10, ngoba endaweni yazo yemvelo zisengozini enkulu yokuwela kwizisulu ezinkulu - oklebe, izinkozi zegolide. Ekuthunjweni, impilo yesikhova yinde kakhulu, abaneminyaka eyikhulu baneminyaka engama-40 noma ngaphezulu ubudala.
Okuqukethwe kwasekhaya
Ungathola isikhova njengesilwane uma usukulungele ukuhlinzeka le nyoni ngezidingo zayo ezibalulekile. Umzingeli ebusuku uzofuna umsebenzi kusuka kusihlwa kuze kube sekuseni, ngakho-ke inyoni ngeke ivumele umnikazi alale.
Izikhova zidinga izidumbu eziphelele zamagundane noma izinyoni ukuze zondle, inyama nje ngeke isebenze. Akubona bonke abanikazi abazokulungela ngaphakathi lokhu. Izinyoni zidinga isikhala esanele ukuze zingahlali ehhokweni, zisakaze amaphiko azo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi zindiza. Izikhova, izikhova, nezinye izinyoni ezinkulu akulungele ukugcinwa efulethini.
Owl esithombeni iheha ukunakwa njalo ngokubuka kwayo kokunaka. Abanikazi bezinyoni eziluhlaza bayaqaphela ubuhlakani babo, ukudlala, ubungqabavu, ilukuluku. Kufanele uthenge isikhova kuphela enkulisa, njengoba izimakethe zivame ukuthengisa abantu ababanjwe abazingeli abangekho emthethweni.
Izinyoni zasendle zivame ukungabi nempilo, ngakho-ke ungaletha ukutheleleka endlini bese usala ungenaso isilwane. Izifo ezinyoni zikhula ngokushesha. Indlela efanelekile nokunakekelwa okuqotho okuzoqinisekisa impilo nenhlalakahle yesikhova.
