Idada lesiMandarin (i-Aix galericulata) liyinyoni encane engohlobo lwamadada asehlathini kanye nomndeni wedada. Idada le-mandarin lasakazeka eMpumalanga Ekude, kepha lolu hlobo lwabuye lwajwayela ngempumelelo e-Ireland, California nase-Ireland. Amagama aphelelwe yisikhathi wedada le-mandarin athi "Idada laseChina" noma "Idada laseMandarin".
Incazelo yedada le-mandarin
Idada laseMandarin yidada elincane elinesisindo esijwayelekile esingu-0.4-0.7 kg. Ubude obuphakathi kwephiko ledada laseMandarin elidala kwezocansi likhule cishe ngamasentimitha angama-21.0-24.5. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu ingubo ekhanyayo futhi enhle yokukhwelana kwabesilisa, kanye nokuba khona kwekhanda elinombala omuhle ekhanda.
Ukubukeka
Kulungile impela ukuthi idada le-mandarin - leli idada elihle kakhulu nelikhanyayo yakho konke okukhona namuhla. Leli lungu lomndeni wakwaDada ligqame ngokuphawulekayo ngemuva kwesizinda samadada asehlathini ajwayelekile. Okugqame kakhulu ngamadrake, anezimpaphe ezinhle ngokungajwayelekile, okuphikisana nemibala evinjelwe futhi ejwayelekile endle. Abesilisa banezimpaphe cishe zayo yonke imibala nemibala yothingo, ngenxa yokuthi le nyoni iye yathandwa ngendlela emangalisayo futhi yasakazeka eChina. Izinsikazi azikhanyi njengamadrake. Banokubukeka kwemvelo kakhulu, kepha hhayi "okukhanyayo", okunesizotha nokubukeka okuhle. Phakathi kokunye, izimpaphe ezingabonakali zisetshenziswa yinyoni endala ukuzifihla phakathi nenkathi yokuzalanisa nokuzalanisa.
Kwabesilisa, ngayo yonke imibala ehlukahlukene yemibala yezimpaphe, imibala ayihlangani nhlobo futhi ayihlangani nhlobo, kepha inemingcele ecace bha, ecace bha. Ukwengezwa kwalobu buhle kuvezwa ngomlomo obomvu ogqamile nezitho zomzimba eziwolintshi. Ingemuva lowesifazane linemibala ehlukahlukene enombala onsundu, kanti indawo yekhanda inombala ompunga, futhi yonke ingxenye engezansi yethulwe ngamathoni amhlophe. Kukhona ukuguquka okuhamba kancane, okubushelelezi kakhulu phakathi kwemibala nemithunzi. Uqhwaku lwensikazi endala luhlaza okomnqumo kanti imilenze ibomvu ngokusawolintshi. Ekhanda lowesilisa nowesifazane kunesici, isisekelo esihle.
Kukholakala ukuthi kungenxa yoqobo nokukhanya kwezimpaphe zedada le-mandarin lapho zithole khona igama lazo elingajwayelekile. Ensimini yaseChina, iVietnam neKorea, izikhulu ezihlonishwa kakhulu ezinesizinda esihle zazibizwa ngama "Mandarin". Izingubo zabahlali abacebile zazigqama ngokuqhathaniswa nesizinda sabantu abavamile, ezahlukile hhayi ebukhazikhazini obukhethekile kuphela, kodwa nangobukhazikhazi bangempela. Isembatho samadada amaduna asemandarin siveza izinhlangano ezinjalo. Ngokwenguqulo engajwayelekile, igama elithi "idada lamaShayina", noma "Idada laseMandarin", latholwa izinyoni ngenxa yokuzalanisa okusebenzayo nokugcina emachibini ombuso kanye nezinqolobane zezikhulu zaseChina.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ama-drakes enza i-molt ngenkuthalo ngaphambi nje kokufika kwamaqhwa asebusika, ngakho-ke, ngenkathi ebandayo, abukeka ejwayelekile futhi engabonakali, okuyisizathu sokudutshulwa kaningi ngabazingeli.
Uhlamvu nokuziphatha
Ukubukeka okumangazayo nokugqamayo akuyona ukuphela kwesici sabamele uhlobo lohlobo lwamadada asehlathini nomndeni wedada. Inyoni enjalo enokubukeka kwasekuqaleni iyakwazi ukukhiqiza imisindo emnandi futhi emnandi. Ukwehliswa okuzwakalayo nokudonswayo kwezinye izinhlobo zamadada kuqhathaniseka ngokucacile ngokucwazimula nempempe yedada le-mandarin. Njengomthetho, hhayi inyoni "ekhulumayo" ayiyeki ukuxhumana ngisho nangesikhathi sokuzala nokukhulisa inzalo.
Izici zokuziphatha "kwedada laseShayina" kungabangelwa ukusuka okuqonde mpo, kanye nokukwazi kwenyoni ukwenza izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi. Abantu abadala balezi zinhlobo bahamba ngokukhululeka ngokuphelele besuka kwelinye igatsha baye kwelinye. Idada le-mandarin libhukuda kahle, lihlezi phezulu emanzini futhi liphakamisa umsila walo ngokuphawulekayo. Kodwa-ke, idada elinjalo alithandi ukudilika kakhulu, ngakho-ke lithanda ukucwila ngaphansi kwamanzi kuphela lapho kunesidingo, kubandakanya ukulimala kanzima noma ukuzizwa usengozini empilweni.
I-Mandarin iyinyoni enamahloni futhi engathembi muntu, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iyakwazi ukujwayela abantu futhi ixhumane kalula nomuntu, iba isilwane esinezimpaphe ezithambile ngokuphelele.
Indlela yokuphila nokuphila isikhathi eside
Esikhathini esiningi, "idada lamaShayina" lihlala eduze nemifula yezintaba egeleza eduze nezindawo eziningi zehlathi. Izimo ezilungele impilo yemandarin izihlahla ezinkulu ezinamagatsha amaningi agobe ngaphezulu kwamanzi. Amahlathi asezintabeni anemifula egelezayo, ejulile ngokwanele futhi ebanzi nayo ikulungele kakhulu ukuphila kwenyoni enjalo.
Idada le-mandarin likwazi ukubhukuda kahle, kepha livame ukuhlala emadwaleni eduze kwamanzi noma emagatsheni ezihlahla. Ukuzingela i-mandarin duck njengamanje akuvunyelwe ezingeni lezomthetho, futhi phakathi kokunye, le nyoni yafakwa kwiRed Book yezwe lethu njengenhlobo engavamile. Namuhla, amadada amadada akhuliswa ngenkuthalo ezindaweni zepaki njengezinyoni zokuhlobisa nezingahlonipheki, ezinempilo ecishe ibe yikota yekhulu.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, isilinganiso sobude besikhathi sokuphila sedada le-mandarin akuvamile ukudlula iminyaka eyishumi, futhi ngokunakekelwa kwasekhaya, labo bameleli bohlobo lwamadada asehlathini kanye nomndeni wedada bayakwazi ukuphila isikhashana, ngenxa yokungabikho kwezilwane ezidla ezinye nokuvimbela izifo ezithile ngesikhathi esifanele.
Indawo yokuhlala, izindawo zokuhlala zama-mandarin
Indawo yokuqala yokusatshalaliswa kwedada le-mandarin nezindawo zokuhlala kwabantu abaningi babameleli bohlobo lwamadada asehlathini isendaweni eseMpumalanga ye-Asia. Ezweni lethu, izinyoni ezinezidleke zezimpaphe ezinhle ngokumangalisayo ikakhulukazi ezifundeni zaseSakhalin nase-Amur, kanye nasezifundeni zaseKhabarovsk nasePrimorsky. Inani elincane labantu ngalolu hlobo lahlela ukwakha isidleke eShikotan, lapho kwenzeka khona ukwakheka kwamathafa we-anthropogenic.
Engxenyeni esenyakatho yebanga, i-mandarin duck ingeyesigaba sezinyoni ezingavamile kakhulu futhi ezifudukayo. Njengomthetho, abantu abadala nabancane bashiya indawo yaseRussia eminyakeni eyishumi edlule kaSepthemba. Izinyoni ziya ebusika emazweni afudumele njengeChina neJapan. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi insimu ye-DPRK ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule yayingahlalwa kakhulu ngamadada amadada asendle, kepha abanye abantu bahlala khona ngokungajwayelekile ngesikhathi sendiza ende.
Ukudla, kudliwa yini idada le-mandarin
Ukudla okujwayelekile kwedada le-mandarin kuxhomeke ngqo lapho indawo yokwakha isidleke sommeleli woDada wohlobo ikhona. Amabhangqa akhiwe amadada anjalo akhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezivikelwe kakhulu ezinotshani obuningi nemizimba yamanzi, ngakho-ke imbewu yazo zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo zasemanzini, imvamisa iba yisisekelo sokudla.
Isici sedada le-mandarin futhi iqiniso lokuthi izinyoni ezinjalo zithanda kakhulu ama-acorn, aqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto ezahlukahlukene eziwusizo. Ngenxa yendawo esondelene kakhulu nemvelo yasemanzini, "idada laseChina" lingahlukanisa ukudla kwalo okunothe kakhulu ngokudla kwamaprotheni, okumelwe ama-mollusks, i-caviar yazo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi nezinhlobonhlobo zabahlali bemifula abaphakathi nendawo. Ngenjabulo enkulu amadada e-mandarin adla zonke izinhlobo zezimila zasemanzini nezasemhlabeni, kanye nezikelemu.
Ekuzalaneni okufakelwayo, ukudla kwedada le-mandarin elidala kuvame ukumelwa yizitshalo ezinjengokolweni, ibhali, ummbila, irayisi nokunye okusanhlamvu, kanye nenyama egayiwe nenhlanzi.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Isikhathi sokukhwelana samadada ama-mandarin siphakathi nentwasahlobo, ngasekupheleni kukaMashi nango-Ephreli. Abesilisa abavuthiwe ngalesi sikhathi bayakwazi ukulwa bodwa ukuze bahehe abesifazane. Yonke imibhangqwana eyakhiwe ngesikhathi sokukhwela iyaphikelela, isele kuyo yonke impilo "yedada laseChina". Uma omunye wabalingani kule mibhangqwana esunguliwe efa, enye inyoni ayikaze imfune ozothatha isikhundla sayo. Ngemuva kwenqubo yokukhwelana, idada lensikazi lama-mandarin libeka isidleke, esingatholakala emgodini wesihlahla futhi ngqo emhlabathini. Ngenqubo yokukhetha isidleke, owesilisa ulandela ngokungakhathali owesifazane.
Ngemuva kokutholakala kwendawo efanelekayo yokuhlela isidleke, idada lizala lisuka emaqanda ayisikhombisa kuye kwayishumi nambili. Ama-tangerines aqala ukubeka, njengomthetho, ngokuqala kokushisa okuzinzile, ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Insikazi yedada "lamaShayina" ibhekele inqubo yokuchamisela inzalo ngokuzimela, kanti owesilisa ngalesi sikhathi uthola ukudla, okuletha idada lakhe. Ngokwesilinganiso, inqubo yokuchamuselwa ithatha cishe inyanga. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, amaphuphu achanyuselwa azimela ngokwanele ukuba agxume aphume esidlekeni sawo.
Ukuze bathole amakhono, insikazi neyeduna bayisa le nkukhu echibini noma ezindaweni eziyinhloko zokudla. Kanye nezinye izinyoni zasemanzini, amadada amadada angantanta kalula futhi ngokukhululeka ebusweni bamanzi kusukela osukwini lokuqala emva kokuzalwa kwawo. Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi encane nje, lonke izinyane kanye nedada elingumama, lisheshe licashe ehlozini eliminyene impela. Kulokhu, idrake livame ukuphazamisa izitha, okuvumela wonke umndeni ukuthi ubaleke.
Amantshontsho amadada akhula, njengomthetho, ngokushesha, ngakho-ke aba ngabantu abadala lapho esenenyanga eyodwa nohhafu. Ngalesi sikhathi, "amadada amaShayina" amancane asevele esefundile amakhono anjengokundiza nokufuna ukudla, ngakho-ke abasha bashiya isidleke sabazali ngomoya ophansi. Isikhathi esifanayo sibonakala ngokushintshwa kwezimpaphe yi-tangerine drake iye engutsheni ye-nondescript ngokuphelele. Bese kuthi abesilisa abancane babe imihlambi ehlukene. Ekuqaleni kwekwindla, i-molting iyaphela, ngakho-ke, abesilisa be-mandarin baphinde bathole ukubukeka okukhanyayo nenhle. Amadada aseMandarin akhula ngokugcwele ocansini onyakeni wokuqala wokuphila kwabo, kepha kuleli banga amadada abonakala ngamandla okuzala aphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abadala asebekhulile.
Kusekwindla lapho izinyoni ezivela ezifundeni ezibandayo nezingakhululeki kakhulu zezinhlobo ze-thermophilic zindizela ezifundeni ezifudumele ukuze zibuyele ezindaweni zazo zokwakha izidleke ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo elandelayo.
Izitha zemvelo
Ukwehliswa kwenani lamadada aseMandarin ahlala futhi akhe izidleke ezweni lethu kuthonywa ikakhulu ukuzingela okungagunyaziwe. Futhi, ezinye izilwane noma izinyoni ezidla ezinye ezinkulu zinomthelela omubi kakhulu enanini labantu. Ukudutshulwa kwamadada kwenziwa, njengomthetho, ngemuva kokushintsha kwezimpaphe ngedada lesilisa lama-mandarin.
Inja ye-raccoon ingenye yezitha zemvelo ezivame kakhulu ezisongela idada le-mandarin. Lesi silwane esidlayo sisebenza kakhulu ekuzingeleni amaphuphu, kodwa futhi siyingozi enkulu ezinyoni namaqanda asevele esevuthiwe. Emanzini, ingozi eyengeziwe ingavela ku-otter futhi kunezinyoni ezinkulu ezidla inyama. Phakathi kokunye, isidleke esenziwe yidada le-mandarin esihlahleni esingenalutho singacekeleka kalula izingwejeje ezindala.
Idada le-mandarin liyinyoni ye-thermophilic, ngakho-ke amazinga okushisa angaphansi kuka-5 ° C ayingozi kakhulu empilweni yayo nasempilweni, kanti amadada amancane kunazo zonke avame ukufa ngisho nokungabikho kokushisa kwehlobo isikhathi eside.
Ukuzalela ekhaya
Lapho kuzaliswa amadada e-mandarin ekhaya, kubalulekile ukwabela izinyoni i-aviary encane ehlukile enedamu elincane. Ngokuphakama kwezinyoni okungama-200 cm, kufanele kufakwe izidleke eziningana ezilula ngaphakathi:
- ukuphakama - 52 cm;
- ubude - 40 cm;
- ububanzi - 40 cm;
- ngokufaka - 12 × 12 cm.
Kuvunyelwe ukufaka izidleke zezinyoni zendabuko ngamabhokisi esidleke ajwayelekile, alengiswe futhi alungiswe endaweni ephakeme ngamasentimitha angama-70-80. Amantombazane amaningi afukamela i-clutch ngokuzimela, kepha kokunye kuyalulekwa ukusebenzisa i-incubator noma i-foster hen ngale njongo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi amantshontsho amadada awazinzile ezimweni ezicindezelayo futhi anamahloni kakhulu, ngakho-ke kungaba nzima ukuzikhulisa wedwa.
Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekulungiseleleni okuzimele kokudla kokondla izinyoni:
- okuphakelayo okusanhlamvu kungamelwa ngommbila, ukolweni, ibhali, amabele kanye ne-oats;
- Ukudla kufanele kufakwe nge-bran kakolweni, isoya nobhontshisi we-sunflower;
- ukugcina ukudla, inyama namathambo, inhlanzi notshani isidlo, ushoki, i-gammarus negobolondo elichoboziwe kuyengezwa kokuphakelayo;
- ehlobo, ukudla kufakwa nge-dandelion eqoshiwe, isaladi, ukhova ne-duckweed;
- ngokuqala kwekwindla, kungakuhle ukwengeza ama-acorn kanye nezaqathe ezigayiwe kokuphakelayo;
- Ngesikhathi se-molting nokuzalanisa, isisekelo sokudla kufanele simelwe yi-bran, kanye nezinhlamvu ezahlukahlukene ngokufakwa kwenhlanzi nenyama egayiwe;
- kuyadingeka ukuthi ulungise inani eliphelele lamaprotheni ongahluziwe, okungafanele abe ngaphezu kuka-18-19%, azovimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-uric acid diathesis ezinyoni.
Ngakho-ke, njengoba ukubonwa kukhombisa, amadada ama-mandarin amadala kulula ukuwagcina, futhi afaneleke kakhulu ukubekwa ezinhlotsheni zamaqoqo ahlanganisiwe. Ehlobo lenyoni enjalo, ukuvalwa okuvulekile kuzoba kuhle, futhi egumbini lasebusika kubalulekile ukuhlomisa idamu lokufakelwa ngamanzi ahlanzekile afakwa njalo. Inyoni kufanele ithengwe kuphela ezinkulisa ezinokwethenjelwa neziqinisekisiwe ezinepulazi lazo lokuzalela inyoni eyingqayizivele nenhle kakhulu.
