Lesi silwane esincelisayo esimangalisayo esihlala endaweni yasemanzini nasemhlabeni singomunye wabamele basendulo bezilwane zomhlaba. Izimpawu zaziwa njenge-bump yolwandle ephiniwe. Izinguquko ezimweni zezulu zathonya indlela yokuphila kwezilwane ezidla ezinye, kancane kancane zaholela ekuguqukeni ekubukekeni kwezilwane eziphoqelelwe ukujwayela indawo yasemanzini. I-Evolution iguqule izidladla zezimpawu zaba ngamaphiko.
Incazelo nezici
Isilwane esincelisayo esikhulu esinomzimba ohlangene futhi ohlelekile, sivumelaniswe nendlela yokuphila yasemanzini. Ubuningi bezinhlobo zezilwane ezahlukahlukene buhluka kakhulu, kusuka ku-150 kg kuye ku-2.5 ton, ubude bomzimba busuka ku-1.5 m kuye ku-6.5 m. Uphawu kuhlukile ekhonweni lokuqongelela amafutha ezinkathini ezahlukahlukene, bese uwaqeda, ushintshe kakhulu usayizi wawo.
Uphawu Common emanzini
Isilwane sinikeza umbono wesidalwa esixakile lapho sisemhlabeni. Umzimba omkhulu ombozwe izinwele ezimfishane, intamo ejiyile, ikhanda elincane, amaphiko. Emanzini, baphenduka babe ababhukudi abahle kakhulu.
Ngokungafani nezinye izipinipipi, izimvu zamanzi zigcine ukuxhumana nomhlaba, lapho zichitha khona ingxenye ebalulekile yempilo yazo. Amaphiko enezandla nezinyawo athuthukile asiza ukuhambahamba kunoma iyiphi indawo. Emhlabathini, bancika isisindo somzimba wabo emilenzeni, bakhuphule ingxenye engemuva, ehudula phansi.
Kuhlukile endaweni yasolwandle. Emanzini, izimpawu zithuthukisa isivinini esifinyelela ku-25 km / h. Izilwane zingagxumela ekujuleni kolwandle kuze kufike kumamitha angama-600. Isimo ebushelelezi sekhanda sibonakala sisiza ukudlula kukholamu lamanzi.
Ukuhlala kwesilwane ekujuleni akweqi imizuzu eyi-10 ngenxa yokushoda komoya-mpilo. Uphawu kufanele lubuyele emhlabathini ukugcwalisa isikhwama somoya ngaphansi kwesikhumba saso ukuze singene olwandle.
Uboya obumunyu bukugcina ufudumele. I-Thermoregulation ihlinzekwa ungqimba lwamafutha angaphansi komhlaba, izilwane eziwaqoqayo ebusika. Ngakho-ke, lezi zimvu zamanzi zikhuthazelela izimo ezinzima zase-Arctic, e-Antarctic.
Amehlo acwebezelayo ezincelisayo acacisa kakhulu. Faka uphawu esithombeni kubukeka njengokuhlaba, ukubukeka okuhlakaniphile kubonakala kufihla okuthile okwengeziwe umuntu akwaziyo ngaye. Amehlo abesilisa abahlakaniphile anonile awacijile kakhulu. Njengazo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle, amehlo anamehlo amancane. Njengabantu, izilwane ezinkulu zingakhala yize zingenazo izindlala ezihlwabusayo.
Kodwa zithola iphunga ngamamitha angama-500, zizwa kahle, kepha izilwane azinazo izindlebe. Ukudlidlizelela okuthintekayo, okufana namadevu amhlophe, kubasiza ukuba bahambe phakathi kwezithiyo ezahlukahlukene. Amandla echolocate ahlukanisa izinhlobo ezithile kuphela. Kuleli talenta, izimvu zamanzi zingaphansi kwamahlengethwa, imikhomo.
Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa owesilisa nowesifazane ngokubukeka kwezimpawu eziningi. Umhlobiso osesifubeni sabesilisa uhlukaniswa kuphela ngezimpawu zezindlovu nezimpawu ezifakwe izigqoko. Abesifazane bangaba nesisindo esincane, kepha kunzima ukuthola umehluko ngaphandle kwezilinganiso ezikhethekile.
Umbala wezilwane ubukhulu becala umpunga onsundu ngephethini enamachashazi. Amabala angama-oblong asakazeke emzimbeni. Amathole azuza le ngubo esemncane. Izitha zemvelo zezimpawu zemikhomo zibulala imikhomo noshaka. Izilwane zisindiswa kubo ngokugxumela ogwini. Amabhere asePolar ayathanda ukuzitika ngophawu lwenyama, kepha kuyaqabukela kungenzeka ukuba abambe izigaxa eziqaphile.
Izinhlobo
Izimpawu ziyimindeni yezimpawu zangempela nezinamaqabunga, ngomqondo obanzi - wonke amaphini. Lokhu kufaka izinhlobo ezingama-24 ezingafani, kepha zigcina izici eziningi ezivamile. AmaPacific seal colonies makhulu kancane kunabantu base-Atlantic. Kepha ukufana okukhulu kuhlanganisa abamele zonke izifunda. Ezinye zidume kakhulu.
Seal indela. Uncamela amanzi oLwandle iMedithera, ngokungafani nezihlobo zase-Arctic. Abantu abadala banesisindo esilinganiselwa ku-250 kg, ubude bomzimba bungamamitha ayi-2-3.Ngombala okhanyayo wesisu, ubizwa ngokuthi yi-white-bellied. Ngaphambilini, indawo yokuhlala yayimboze uLwandle Olumnyama, uphawu lwatholakala endaweni yezwe lethu, kodwa inani labantu lancipha. Ogwini lolwandle olufudumele, azikho izindawo zama-rookeries ezilwane - konke kwakhiwa ngumuntu. Umonki ubhalwe kuRed Book. Okuhlobene uphawu lwe-caribbean Umonki usevele wahlonzwa njengohlobo olungasekho.
Monk uphawu
Uphawu Crabeater. Isilwane esincelisayo sathola igama laso ngokuba umlutha waso wokudla. Uphawu luhlukaniswa ngomlomo omncane, usayizi womzimba omaphakathi: ubude ngokwesilinganiso esingu-2.5 m, isisindo esingu-250-300 kg. Ama-crabeaters ahlala e-Antarctica, izilwandle eziseningizimu. I-Rookery ivame ukuhlelwa ezintabeni zeqhwa ezintantayo. Izinhlobo eziningi kakhulu.
Seal crabeater
Uphawu Common. Itholakala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene eNyakatho ye-Arctic Hemisphere: eRussia, eScandinavia, eNyakatho Melika. Bahlala emanzini asogwini, abahambeli. Isisindo esimaphakathi esingu-160-180 kg, ubude obuyi-180 cm. Umbala obomvu-mpunga uyabusa phakathi kweminye imibala. Ukuzingela ngokungemthetho kuholele ekusongweni kokuqothulwa kwezinhlobo.
Uphawu Common
Uphawu lwehabhu. Ngosayizi omncane kakhulu - u-170-180 cm ubude, isisindo cishe esingu-130 kg. Abesilisa bahlukaniswa ngombala okhethekile - izinwele zesiliva, ikhanda elimnyama, umugqa omnyama ngesikela kusuka emahlombe.
Uphawu lwehabhu
Uphawu olunemigqa. Ummeleli oyingqayizivele wezilwane ezincelisayo, "idube" phakathi kwezinguzunga zeqhwa. Ebumnyameni, eduze kwesizinda esimnyama, kunemigqa emise okwezindandatho efinyelela ku-15 cm ububanzi.Abesilisa kuphela abahlukaniswa ngengubo ekhanyayo. Imivimbo yabesifazane cishe ayibonakali. Igama lesibili lezimpawu okuthiwa yi-lionfish. Izimpawu zasenyakatho zitholakala olwandle lwaseTatar, iBering, iChukchi, nolwandle lwase-Okhotsk.
Uphawu olunemigqa
Ingwe yasolwandle. Isikhumba esinamabala, isimilo esinolaka sanikeza igama kumzingeli. Isizalanisi esinonya sihlasela izimvu zamanzi ezincane, kepha ama-penguin ayisibiliboco esiyintandokazi sophawu lwengwe. Umzingeli ufinyelela kubude obungu-4 m, isisindo sengwe esikhulile esifinyelela ku-600 kg. Kutholakala ogwini lwase-Antarctica.
Ingwe yasolwandle
Indlovu Yasolwandle. Igama ligcizelela ubukhulu besilwane, ubude obungu-6.5 m, isisindo samathani ayi-2.5, ikhala elifana nesiqu emadodeni. Ama-subspecies asenyakatho ahlala ngasogwini lwaseNyakatho Melika, ama-subspecies aseningizimu e-Antarctica.
Indlovu Yasolwandle
I-sea hare (uphawu lwentshebe). Ebusika, isisindo esiphezulu sesilwane esondlekile sifinyelela kuma-360 kg. Umzimba omkhulu ungamamitha ama-2,5 ubude.Imihlathi enamandla enamandla namazinyo amancane. Isilwane esikhuluphele ngokweqile sihlala emhlabeni eduze nezimbobo, onqenqemeni lwamachashazi ancibilikisiwe. Bahlala bodwa. Umlingiswa onokuthula.
Uphawu lwentshebe
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Ukusatshalaliswa okukhulu kwezimpawu kubonakala ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba, ogwini lwe-Arctic nase-Antarctic. Okuhlukile yi-monk seal, ehlala emanzini afudumele aseMedithera. Ezinye izinhlobo zihlala emanzini angaphakathi nezwe, ngokwesibonelo, eLake Baikal.
Ukufuduka okude akukhona okwehlukile kwizimpawu. Bahlala emanzini asogwini, babhukuda ezindaweni ezingajulile, banamathele ezindaweni ezihlala njalo. Zihamba zigudle inhlabathi ngomzamo, zikhasa, zisekelwa ezithweni zangaphambili. Lapho zibona ingozi, zigxumela emhlangeni. Bazizwa bekhululekile futhi bekhululekile emanzini.
Uphawu luyisilwane ukuhlangana. Ukuqongelelwa kwamaqembu, noma ama-rookeries, kwakheka ogwini, ezintabeni zeqhwa. Isibalo semihlambi sincike ezintweni eziningi, kepha izinhlangano eziningi ezinobuningi obukhulu azifane nezimpawu zamanzi. Abantu basondelene, kepha baphumule, bazondle ngaphandle kwezihlobo zabo. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwabo bunokuthula. Ngesikhathi se-molting, izilwane zisiza omakhelwane bazo ukuqeda uboya obudala - zinwaya imihlane yazo.
Izimvu zamanzi zeBaikal zishiswa yilanga ziyizihlobo zezimpawu
Izilwane zilele rookery zibonakala zingenankinga. Baxhumana bodwa ngamasiginali omsindo amafushane, afana nokweqa noma ukuhleka. Seal imisindo ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zinamagama athile. Emihlambini, amazwi ezilwane ahlangana abe ngomsindo ojwayelekile, ikakhulukazi ogwini, lapho kugadla khona igagasi lolwandle.
Kwesinye isikhathi i-chorus yezimpawu ifana nokukhala, ukuhewula kwezinkomo. Ukumemeza okukhulu kakhulu kwenziwa yizimpawu zezindlovu. Izimpawu eziyingozi zigcwele ama-alamu, ucingo lukamama lwezinsana luzwakala luphikelela, luthukuthele. I-intonation, amaza, uchungechunge lokuphindaphinda kunencazelo ekhethekile ekuxhumaneni okusebenzayo kwezilwane.
Izimpawu azilali kahle. Emhlabathini, zihlala ziqaphile, emanzini zilala zibheke isikhashana, ngezikhathi ezithile zikhuphukela phezulu ukugcwalisa ukuphakelwa komoya.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukudla kwezimpawu kusekelwe kubakhileyo basolwandle: ama-mollusks, izinkalankala, izingwane, ama-squid, ama-crustaceans amakhulu. Iningi lokudla izinhlanzi: smelt, Arctic cod, capelin, navaga, herring. Ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo zinemibono ethile ebekiwe.
Inhlanzi ukudla okuyinhloko kwezimvu zamanzi
Isibonelo, i-crabeater seal yaqanjwa ngokuthi ikhethe izinkalankala kunezinye izakhamuzi zasemanzini; ngophawu lwengwe, iphengwini kuzoba yisibiliboco. Izimpawu zigwinya isisulu esincane siphelele, ngaphandle kokuhlafuna. Seal - ulwandle ukuminza, hhayi okhetha kakhulu ukudla, ngakho amatshe agwinyiwe afinyelela ku-10 kg aqoqwa esiswini sabadlayo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ama-seal azala kanye ngonyaka. Iningi lezilwane ezincelisayo emndenini wezimpawu zamanzi zangempela ngazimbili. Izimpawu zezimpawu zobuso obude nezimpawu zezindlovu zinesithembu.
Ekupheleni kwehlobo, inkathi yokukhwelana iyavuleka lapho abesilisa bencintisana nokunaka abesifazane. Izilwane ezithanda ukuthula ziba ngabalwi abakwazi ngisho nokuhlasela isitha. Inqubo yokuqomisana, ukukhwelana kwenzeka emanzini olwandle, ukuzalwa kwezingane - ezintabeni zeqhwa.
Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuhlala cishe unyaka, kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-280 kuya kwezingama-350. Kuzalwa ingane eyodwa, ikhule ngokugcwele, ibone, ekugcineni yakhiwa. Ubude bomzimba wosana olusanda kuzalwa cishe luyi-1 m, isisindo singu-13 kg. Baby uphawu izalwa kaningi ngesikhumba esimhlophe, uboya obukhulu. Kepha kunezimpawu ezisanda kuzalwa hhayi ezimhlophe kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinsundu nge-tint yomnqumo, isibonelo, izimvu zamanzi ezinentshebe.
Ngenkathi ingane ingakwazi ukuhamba nomama ohambweni lwasolwandle, uchitha isikhathi e-ice floes ekhukhulayo. Owesifazane wondla ingane ngobisi olunamafutha inyanga eyodwa. Ubuye akhulelwe futhi. Lapho ukuncelisa kukamama kuphela, umuntu osekhulile uphawu olumhlophe engakalungeli impilo ezimele.
Amaprotheni kanye nokugcinwa kwamafutha kukuvumela ukuthi ubambe isikhashana. Isikhathi sendlala sithatha amasonto ayi-9 kuya kwayi-12 ngenkathi isilwane silungiselela uhambo lwaso lokuqala lwabantu abadala. Isikhathi sokukhula kwamawundlu siyingozi kakhulu ezimpilweni zabo. Insikazi ayikwazi ukuvikela ingane yayo phansi ngenxa yokuxakaniseka kwayo, ayikwazi njalo ukucasha emgodini ngophawu.
Uphawu lowesifazane kanye nengane yakhe
Umama ufihla imvuthu ezisanda kuzalwa phakathi kwe-hummock yeqhwa, emigodini yeqhwa, ukuze kungabikho muntu ongabona umntwana omhlophe njengeqhwa. Kepha izinga lokufa kwezimpisi zasolwandle, njengoba zibizwa kanjalo izimvu zamanzi ezincane, liphezulu kakhulu ngenxa yokuzingela ngokungemthetho. Abantu abakugodli izimpilo zezinsana, ngoba uboya babo obukhulu bubonakala buthandeka kakhulu kubo. Izinhlobo zaseningizimu zezimpawu ezihlala ezimweni ze-Antarctic azisindiswa ezitheni ezisemhlabeni. Kepha isitha sabo esikhulu sihlala emanzini - lena imikhomo ebulalayo, noma imikhomo ebulalayo.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwezimpawu ezinamacici, ngokungafani nezinhlobo zangempela, kwenzeka eziqhingini ezizimele, ezindaweni ezisogwini. Abesilisa babamba izindawo okuthi, ngemuva kokuzalwa kwenzalo, ziqhubeke nokuvikela. Abesifazane bazala izingane emhlabathini ngesikhathi samanzi amancane. Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, ngokubonakala kwamanzi, umntwana usevele uyakwazi ukubhukuda.
Uphawu Eared ezimweni ezithandekayo ihlala eduze kwe-rookery unyaka wonke. Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwezimpawu zamantombazane kwenzeka cishe eminyakeni emithathu, abesilisa - ngeminyaka engu-6-7. Impilo yezimpawu zamantombazane ezimweni zemvelo ihlala cishe iminyaka engama-30-35, abesilisa bangaphansi kweminyaka eyi-10. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi iminyaka yesigxivizo somuntu oshonile inganqunywa ngenani lemibuthano ngokuya ngamazinyo ayo.
Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, ukuguquka komhlaba, ukudoba okungekho emthethweni kunciphisa inani lezilwane ezimangalisayo ezihlala emhlabeni. Ukubukeka okukhaliphile kwezimpawu esezihlale zasolwandle kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, sengathi ziqondiswe emhlabeni ngokuhlambalaza.
