Incazelo nezici
Kusuka emndenini we-falcon inkunzi – inyoni okuncane kakhulu. Lezi zinyoni zingama-30 cm ubude kuphela, kwesinye isikhathi nangaphansi, ngesisindo esilinganiselwa ku-160 g.
Futhi uma siziqhathanisa nejuba, khona-ke eyokugcina, mhlawumbe, izoba nkulu. Kuyiqiniso, abesifazane bezidalwa ezinjalo, njengalezo zabazalwane abaningi emndenini, bahlaba umxhwele ngosayizi kunabesilisa. Amakati wesilisa abesifazane akhiwe ngokuphelele kwezinye izimo afinyelela isisindo esifinyelela ku-197 g.
Abamele ubulili obuhlukile kulezi zinyoni kusukela ku-oda lama-falconifers nawo ahlukile ngombala. Izimpaphe zabesilisa cishe zimnyama ngokuphelele, ngokunembile, mpunga omnyama. Umsebenzi ongaphansi nongaphansi kwesisu, kanye nezimpaphe ezinyaweni, zinombala obomvu obomvu othakazelisayo. Ikhanda limpunga ansundu, izimpaphe zomsila ezimnyama.
Izimpaphe zesifazane zimpunga, ziyimpuphu. Ukubukeka kwakhe kumakwe ngamathanjana amnyama, kanti ingubo yakhe enesizotha ihlotshiswe ngemigqa e-oblong-mpunga emhlane ngemuva.
Incazelo kobchik kungangezelelwa ngeminye imininingwane. Ubude bamaphiko benyoni bungamasentimitha angama-29, kanti ubude bungaba ngamasentimitha angama-70. Izilwane ezincane nazo zigqamile ngombala kubazali bazo, futhi izimpaphe zezinsizwa ezisencane zithambile.
Izinyoni ezingaphansi konyaka owodwa zinombala onsundu nomnyama ngemuva zinama-buffy edging, zinemigqa eguqukayo emsileni. Uqhwaku lwawo luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, lukhanya kusuka phezulu kuye phansi, ikhanda lihlotshiswe ngamadevu. Umbala wemilenze enezinzipho ezimsundu ngokumhlophe uyashintsha kusuka kokuphuzi kuye kobomvu ngeminyaka.
Zonke izici zokubukeka kwangaphandle kwalezi zinyoni zibonakala kahle. esithombeni kobchikov... Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinyoni ezinjalo ziyizidalwa ezifiphele ezivela kuhlobo locelemba, ngokungafani nozakwabo, abanayo iminwe eqinile futhi eqinile, futhi emikhubeni yabo kanye nokulingana komzimba kufana ne-kestrel - omunye ummeleli omaphakathi womndeni wayo.
Ama-fawns awawona abameleli abakhulu bomndeni we-falcon
Laba bameleli abanamaphiko bezilwane zomhlaba bayathutha. Ngokuqala kwezinsuku ezipholile, ndawo thile ngoSepthemba, bagijimela ezifundeni ezinhle zeningizimu ye-Asia nase-Afrika, kwesinye isikhathi benza amabanga wokuhamba angacabangeki futhi afike ku-10 000 km.
Izinhlobo
Phakathi kwe-falconry, abamele abanjengezilwane ezinamaphiko bahlukaniswa ososayensi njengohlobo olukhethekile. Ububanzi balezi zinhlobo bukhulu. Ama-Kobchik angatholakala eRussia kusuka emingceleni esentshonalanga futhi aqhubekele kuyo yonke insimu kuze kufike eBaikal uqobo, ahlala ezifundeni ze-taiga nase-subtaiga eziseduze, enabela enyakatho edolobheni laseYeniseisk, eningizimu kuya ehlathini lase-Achinsk.
Ama-mini-falcons anjalo atholakala eKazakhstan, nase-Ukraine. Ngeshwa, inani lalezi zidalwa emvelweni lisanda kuthanda ukwehla, konke lokhu kungenxa yokunganaki kwabantu.
Ngenxa yomsebenzi wezomnotho ongacabangi wezinyoni ze-bipedal uyanyamalala ezifundeni eziningi, lapho zitholakale khona eziningi ngaphambili.
Umbala wezinkunzi zesilisa uhluke kakhulu kowesifazane nentsha
Ukwehla kwesibalo sezinyoni ezinjalo kubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwabantu emasimini, lapho izinyoni zibamba khona izinambuzane, izibulala-zinambuzane nezinye izinto eziyingozi ezingena emzimbeni wazo ngokudla.
Kuthinta kabi inani labantu nokugawulwa kwamahlathi. Kodwa-ke, muva nje, kuthathwe izinyathelo zokubuyisa inani lalezi zinyoni emvelweni: izinqolobane ziyakhiwa, inani lamahlathi liyakhula.
Ama-subspecies of the fawn male afaka empumalanga noma, ngokuhlukile okubizwa, Ukhozi lwe-Amur... Kuyiqiniso, abanye ososayensi bawuhlukanisa njengohlobo oluhlukile. Ekuziphatheni, usayizi nokubukeka kwangaphandle, lezi zinyoni zifana kakhulu nezinduna, kepha zinombala ohlukile.
Esithombeni u-Amur ubulewe kabusha
Ukuhamba nezidladla zezinyoni ezinjalo kumhlophe, njengaphansi lonke, kwezinye izimo kunamachashazi anezindawo ezibukhali. Kwabesilisa, phansi kwamaphiko kunombala omhlophe, ezilwaneni ezisencane nakwabesifazane, izihlathi nomphimbo kumhlophe, ikhanda limbozwe izimpaphe zobubanzi obumpunga nobumnyama.
Izidalwa ezinamaphiko ezinjalo zitholakala eMpumalanga Ekude, ezifundeni ezinkulu kakhulu emazweni asempumalanga e-Amur naseTransbaikalia, eNyakatho Kare empumalanga yeMongolia neChina.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Njengabo bonke abameleli abancane bombuso onezimpaphe, imidlwane ikhetha ukugcina emakoloni, okusho ukuthi izidalwa zomphakathi. Imvamisa abanamabili angashadile.
Amaqembu ezinyoni aqhamukayo ahluke kakhulu ngosayizi. Bangabalelwa kubantu abayi-14, futhi kwezinye izimo, umhlambi ungafaka amabhangqa angaba yikhulu. Kodwa-ke, noma kunjalo, lezi zidalwa ngokuvamile azizwa zithanda okhethekile abazalwa nabo kanye nomakhelwane esidlekeni, yize umuzwa wokuba nomthwalo ngakwezinsikazi zabo ngokuqinisekile ubonwa kumuntu ahlala naye.
Amaqembu aqhamukayo ama-felines athanda ukuhlala ezindaweni lapho ezinye izinyoni zazivame ukuhlangana khona. Lezi zinyoni zithanda amahlathi asemahlathini namathafa, zitholakala eduze kwamahlathi, ezindaweni ezinamasiko, ezingadini nasemapaki, kepha gwema amahlathi aqhubekayo.
Ezindaweni ze-taiga bahlala emaphethelweni phakathi kokuqongelela okungabalulekile kwezihlahla, eduze kwamaxhaphozi, phakathi kwezindawo ezishisiwe nokuhlanzwa. Okuthandwa kakhulu yizindawo eziphansi ezinamaphiko, lapho kunezinambuzane eziningi, lezioklebe.
IKobchiki bancamela ukukhulisa inzalo yabo ezigodini zemifula noma kwezinye izindawo lapho kunamanzi ahlanzekile anele khona. Kungakho izindawo ezinjalo ziba yizindawo zokwakha izidleke ezikhethwe njalo kakhulu.
Lezi zinyoni zigcina emoyeni kahle nje. Futhi phakathi nezindiza, uvame ukuzwa ukukhala kwabo, okusikhumbuza ukukhala okuphezulu. Benza imisindo efana ne- "ki-ki-ki", kodwa ngokuhlukahluka okuhlukile.
Ngale ndlela, lezi zidalwa ziveza ukukhathazeka nezinye izimo. Izwi le-kobchik zihambisana nokuthandana kwezinyoni, futhi zivame ukumemeza kakhulu esidlekeni sazo.
Lalela izwi lezinsikazi
Ngokwazi, izinyoni ezinjalo azinazo izitha ezinkulu emvelweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagagasi akwazi ukuzimela.
Ngokuya ngejubane lokuhamba emoyeni, lezi zidalwa ziyafana nezingqwele zomhlaba onezimpaphe, njenge-merlin ne-cheglog. Futhi akumangazi, ngoba izinyoni eziqanjwe ngamagama nazo ziyizizukulwane zezinkukhu.
Ngenxa yobukhona bamasu endiza amahle ngokwedlulele, akunzima nakancane ukuthi laba bakamuva bafinyelele ezifundeni ezivundile zaseNingizimu Afrika minyaka yonke - izwe lapho lezi zinyoni zivame ukuya khona ebusika.
Imvamisa onkankankane besilisa bahamba ngemihlambi, ngokungafani nokhokho abaningi abathanda ukuhamba bodwa.
Ezindizeni, ama-felines ahlangana ngemihlambi emincane
Ukudla okunomsoco
Njengabo bonke abamele imindeni yabo, lezi zinyoni ziyizilwane ezidla ezinye, kepha ngenxa yobuncane bazo, azikwazi ukuzondla ngezilwane ezincelisayo ezihlaba umxhwele, ngakho-ke zikhetha inyamazane encane. Zidla izinambuzane ezinkulu ezifana nojekamanzi, abazingelwa ngokundiza phansi.
Ngenhla kwenhlabathi kunokudla okwanele kubo ezinyangeni zasehlobo. Balwela ukudlula izisulu zabo inkunzi uzibamba ngqo endizeni ngomlomo wazo. Amabhungane, izinkumbi kanye nentethe - izidalwa nazo ezihlukaniswa njengezisulu ngabazingeli abanezimpaphe, zibanjwa yizo lezi ezivela ngqo emhlabathini ngezidladla zazo.
Izilwane ezinjalo nazo zihlasela izinyoni ezincane, amajuba, ondlunkulu nezinye izinyoni ezifanayo zibe yizisulu zazo. Izimpungushe zidla amagundane, zidla amagundane nezinye izidalwa ezincane, izibankwa, ama-shrew, zibona ukuthi zigijimela phansi zisuka endizeni.
Okhohlisi abanjalo, yize bancane, abawona amagwala nakancane. Kunezimo lapho imidlwane ihlasela izinyoni ezinkulu kunazo, yize lezi zehlakalo zingenzeki nsuku zonke. Izazi zemvelo zithi zikubonile ukuhlaselwa okunje. Sibonile kanye, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi inkukukazi ethile yeduna izame kanjani ukubulala i-heron. Kepha hhayi nhlobo ukuze uzitike ngaye, kepha ngethemba lokuhlala esidlekeni sakhe.
Ngesikhathi sokukhulisa inzalo, izinyoni ezinjalo zidinga inani elikhulu kakhulu lokudla ukondla amazinyane azo. Lezi zinyoni ezidla inyama zizingela emini, ngokungafani nokhokho abaningi. Ngendlela, imisebenzi yabo yalolu hlobo inenzuzo enkulu.
Usizo lwezinyoni kwezolimo, ngakho-ke kuso sonke isintu, kunzima kakhulu ukusikisela ngokweqile. Unyaka nonyaka, babhubhisa inqwaba yezinambuzane eziyingozi emasimini ngobuningi.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ukuhlala esidlekeni sabanye abameleli besizwe esinezimpaphe kuyisici esivelele kakhulu se-felines. Abafuni ukwakha izindlu zabo zokuthokomala zamantshontsho, kodwa basebenzise izakhiwo zalolu hlobo, bazisuse kuma-rook, ophephela, amagwababa, ama-kites.
Noma kunjalo akuzona zonke lezi zakhiwo eziwafanele. Imvamisa amakati anezinyawo ezibomvu athanda izindawo zokwakha izidleke ezisesihlahleni noma emigodini yezihlahla, kungasafani nezakhiwo ezisemhlabathini phakathi kwezihlahla. Okukhethwa kukho ngokuzalanisa amawundlu emigodini nakho akulona ukunambitheka kwabo.
Izinyoni ezinjalo zikhetha ukuzalanisa isikhathi sonyaka sekwedlule isikhathi. Futhi kunezizathu ezikhethekile zalokhu, ezihambisana nemijikelezo yokuphila yemvelo.
Amachwane eRed Fox afukamela ngokulandelana
Ukuthi nje izidleke zalezi zinyoni zihlobene ngqo nesikhathi sokuvela kwezinye izinambuzane ezinkulu, ezidingekayo ukuhlinzeka ngokudla okuphelele okudingekayo ukuze zikhule emantshweleni. Ikakhulu, isidalwa esinjalo isikhonyane esiyingozi.
Isikhathi sokuqomisana kwabanumzane besifazane babo siyathakazelisa, ngoba ukunakwa kwabalingani ababathandayo kunqotshwa abasolwa ngamasu ahlukahlukene. Ukuzama ukujabulisa, benza izindiza zamanje, bacule izingoma futhi badanse.
Labo bameleli bombuso onezimpaphe bavame ukufukamela izikhukhukazi ngamunye ngamunye. Kujwayele ukuba namaqanda afika kwayisihlanu azalelwa izidumbu. Kwesinye isikhathi iqiniso ukuthi kukhona okungaphansi kokuthathu noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, kungaphezulu kwesithupha, konke kuncike emandleni emvelo wabalingani.
Isidleke sikaFalcon nge-clutch
Amaqanda ayahluka ngombala, kepha iningi linemibala ye-ocher futhi limbozwe ngemibala eminingi yokugqwala. Amantshontsho aqandusela kubo, njengomthetho, ngenyanga.
Amachwane ezinyawo ezibomvu ziminzi kakhulu, ngakho-ke zihlala zidinga ukudla. Futhi ukunakekelwa kokudla kwabo kuwela kubazali. Ngasikhathi sinye, bahlanganyela ngokwethembeka imithwalo yabo yemfanelo yokukhulisa izingane. Ngenkathi omunye wabashadikazi ehlala esidlekeni futhi enakekela amawundlu, omunye undizela isisulu.
Amabele akhula ngokushesha, kuthi ekupheleni kukaJulayi amaphuphu aqale ukundiza. Ngemuva kwalokho, amasonto ambalwa, inzalo izama ukuhlala isondelene nabazali bayo, ngemuva kwalokho iqale ukuhlala ngokuzimela.
Isikhathi sokuphila, esilinganiswa ngokwemvelo ngalezi zinyoni, asifinyezi nakancane futhi sineminyaka eyishumi nambili, noma ngisho neminyaka eyishumi nesithupha. Kodwa impilo yalezi zidalwa endaweni yemvelo, ejwayelekile ayilula neze, ngakho-ke izinga lokufa liphezulu.
Ekuthunjweni, izinyoni ezinjalo ziyakwazi ukuphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-25. Zifuywe ngenkuthalo e-Afrika, lapho izinzalo zamaduna athanjisiwe zihlala emhlambini futhi ziwusizo kubaninizo, zisusa izindawo ezihlwanyelwe izinambuzane eziyingozi namagundane amancane.
Futhi ezinye izinyoni - izinambuzane, zihlwitha ngokungenaluzwela futhi zibhubhisa izitshalo, zishiywa indawo ngamazinyane amaduna, zibaxosha ngenkuthalo endaweni yabo. Futhi lokhu kungenye inzuzo kubantu ngempilo yezinyoni ezichazwe.
Ukugcina amathanga athanjisiwe ekhaya akunzima kangako, ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho ama-mini-falcons angazalelwanga endle, kepha akhulele eduze kwabantu. Lezi zilwane ezifuywayo zilula ngoba ekuthunjweni ziba cishe ezisebenzisa ngokuphelele, zivumelane kalula nokudla kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo.
