Izimvemvane zishaya ngobunono bazo nangamafomu amahle. Phakathi kwazo kunezidalwa eziningi ezimangalisayo ezivusa umxhwele. Uvemvane we-Admiral - omunye wabamele abaqhakazile besigaba sezinambuzane zomndeni we-nymphalid.
Umlando wegama uhlobene nezithombe zamaqhawe asezinganekwaneni. UKarl Linnaeus, owathola lesi sinambuzane, wabiza uhlobo loVanessa Atalanta - lelo kwakuyigama lendodakazi yeqhawe lasendulo lamaGrikhi uScheney, elidume ngobuhle nokugijima ngokushesha. Ubaba, owayephupha ngamadodana kuphela, waphonsa indodakazi yakhe phansi kwentaba. Ihlathi kanye nokuzingela kwagcwalisa impilo ye-heroine, engafi egameni lezimvemvane.
Uvemvane we-Admiral entwasahlobo
Igama elikhulu i-Admiral linezinhlobo ezimbili zemvelaphi. Kuhunyushwe kusuka eTurkey, igama lisho ukuthi "inkosi yezilwandle". Yize uvemvane lungumhlaba, kodwa izindiza ezinde ziyixhuma nezilwandle, ngoba indlela esuka e-Eurasia eya e-Afrika yinde.
Enye incazelo inikezwa ngenxa yokufana kwemivimbo ebomvu etshekile ebumnyameni obumnyama bamaphiko kanye namabhande we-admiral, ayegqokwa ehlombe ngabaphathi bemikhumbi. Amayunifomu ahlukaniswa yimigqa ebomvu yamabhulukwe, nawo abizwa njengezakhi zokufana. Umhlaba wezinambuzane ezihlotshaniswa nehlathi, ulwandle, ukuzulazula kubonakala hhayi kumagama okuqala kuphela, kodwa nasendleleni yokuphila kovemvane lwe-Admiral.
Incazelo nezici
Isinambuzane sibukeka njenge-urticaria ejwayelekile, kepha asikwazi ukudideka, ngakho-ke lubukeka kanjani uvemvane umphathi wamasosha usebenza kangcono. Ubuhle basemini bomndeni wakwaVanessa buhlukaniswa onqenqemeni lwamaphiko.
Lesi sici sihlanganiswe nokuqagela okuncane phambi komphetho wangaphandle. Izimpiko zinobude obungu-5-6.5 cm. Eziqongweni umuntu angabona amabala amhlophe ahlangene, akhiwa esuka kwamathathu ahlanganisiwe aba yinye. Kuzungezwe uchungechunge lwamachashazi amancane we-hue emhlophe ekhanyayo nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene.
Amaphethelo kanye nengaphakathi lamaphiko aphezulu anombala onsundu. Amasongo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nemivimbo ihlakazekile ngemuva okuyinhloko. Uvemvane we-Admiral esithombeni ihlala ibonwa ngendwayimane ebomvu ebomvu ebalekela maphakathi namaphiko angaphambili ngokufanele.
Umugqa ogqamile wombala ofanayo ubonakala uqhubeka ezimpikweni zangemuva nxazonke zomphetho ongaphandle. Emgqeni olandelanayo ohlangothini ngalunye, amachashazi amnyama ama-3-5. Emakhoneni ezimpiko ezimpiko zangemuva ahlotshiswe ngamachashaza aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka erimu elimnyama. Uma ubheka ngemuva kwamaphiko, ungabona iphethini kaMose yamabala amaningi ompunga, amhlophe, abomvu, ansundu.
Umzimba walesi sinambuzane ubunsundu ngokumnyama, ucishe ube mnyama. Ezinhlangothini zekhanda kunamehlo amakhulu ahlanganisiwe. Bahlukanisa kahle ukunyakaza kwezinto ezikhanyayo ezizungezile. Isitho sokubona ngesimo sama-hemispheres abhangqiwe sikuvumela ukuthi ubone isikhala esizungezile ngaphandle kokuguqula amehlo noma ikhanda.
Izimvemvane ze-Admiral zinombono omuhle wombala - zihlukanisa imibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ephuzi, nohlaza. Okuhlukile umbala obomvu; izinambuzane azikunaki. Ama-bristles amancane atholakala eduze kwamehlo, futhi engxenyeni engaphambili kunezimpondo ezihlukanisiwe ezineklabhu enwetshiwe. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokubona okuhle, lesi yisitho esinamandla kunazo zonke sovemvane.
Ababambekayo babamba iphunga ebangeni elifanele ngezimpondo zabo. Ikhanda alisebenzi. Engxenyeni engezansi kunomlomo omise okwe-proboscis. Ngosizo lwayo, uvemvane olubabazekayo lumunca umpe. Uma i-proboscis ingaxakekile ngomsebenzi, iyaqina.
Ingxenye ye-pectoral butterfly iqukethe izingxenye ezintathu, ngasinye sihlotshaniswa nemilenze yokuhamba. Izingalo zangaphambili zalesi sinambuzane zimbozwe ngongqimba lwezinwele ezijiyile ezisebenza njengezitho zokuthinta.
Uvemvane olukhanyayo olunombala ongajwayelekile lundiza kahle, lunqoba amabanga amade lapho lufuna indawo ethokomele. Zivame ukubonwa ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni zensimu kanye namajikijolo.
Indawo yokuhlala yevemvane
Ivemvane yizinhlobo eziningi, ukusatshalaliswa kwazo kuhlanganisa izindawo ezingaphandle kwe-Eurasia, izindawo ezisesiqhingini se-Atlantic Ocean (i-Azores neCanary Islands), eNyakatho Afrika, eNyakatho Melika, eHaiti, eNew Zealand.
E-Asia Minor, iMiddle East iyaziwa isimemezelo sovemvane. Kukuyiphi indawo yemvelo akukhathaleki ukuthi izinambuzane zikuphi, ziya ebusika ezifundeni eziseningizimu zebanga. Njengabafuduki abakhuthele, benza izindiza ezinkulu. Kunzima ukukholelwa ukuthi izidalwa ezibuthakathaka zifika kanjani e-Afrika, lapho kungezona zonke izinyoni ezingandizela ubusika. Yiqiniso, abahambi abaningi bafa endleleni.
Izimpukane ezinamandla kunawo wonke ukuya ezwenikazi ukubeka amaqanda nokuqedela indlela yazo yokuphila. Inzalo eqinisiwe izobuyela emuva ngonyaka olandelayo. Abanye abantu abandizeli ezindlini zasebusika, befuna indawo yokukhosela emakhazeni asemifantwini, ngaphansi kwamagxolo ezihlahla.
Ilanga lasentwasahlobo liyabavusa, bashiya izindawo zokukhosela ukuze bahlobise umhlaba wemvelo uvuseleleka ngemuva kokulala ubusika ngokubukeka kwabo. Lapho, lapho kuhlala khona uvemvane lobukhosi, umhlaba uthathwa njengofudumele futhi onemibala.
Isikhathi esisebenzayo sonyaka ofudumele siqala ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni kuze kube ngu-Okthoba kwezinye izindawo. Ensimini yaseRussia, uvemvane lomkhuzi luyaziwa emahlathini engxenye eseCentral, e-Eastern Caucasus, e-Urals, eKarelia nakwezinye izindawo. Ezindaweni ezinezintaba, i-admiral ekhanyayo ibonwa ebangeni eliphakeme lama-2500-2700 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
Lesi sinambuzane sivame ukutholakala emaphethelweni ehlathi, ezindaweni ezincane zamahlathi, ezindaweni ezikhukhulayo nasezintabeni, emabhaneni asehlathini. Isithombe esivamile ukubona uvemvane eceleni komgwaqo, osebeni lwemifula namachibi, ehlathini eligawuliwe, phakathi kwamakotishi ehlobo noma engadini.
Ekupheleni kwehlobo, zingatholakala kwizithelo ezivuthwe ngokweqile eziwele ezihlahleni zezithelo noma eziqwini. Izakhamizi zasehlobo zivame ukubona izimvemvane kuma-plums namapheya. Lesi ngesinye sezimvemvane eziningi ezingabonakala ekugcineni ngaphambi kokufika kwesimo sezulu esibandayo. Ukukhanya komlilo kudonsela ukubukeka kwakhe okwethembayo, umpe wezimbali zasekwindla usebenza njengokudla ngezinsuku ezifudumele.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ama-admirals abomvu-orenji abasebusika ezindaweni ezifihlekile, umbala uba ogcwele kakhulu uma uqhathaniswa nalabo abangakasiphumeleli isivivinyo sonyaka. Eningizimu yeYurophu, lapho ubusika bungemanzi khona, izinsuku ezifudumele ezinelanga 'zingakhohlisa' onobuhle abalele abalekela ukujabulisa abantu.
Ubuningi obunamandla bezinhlobo buyaguquguquka impela. Abantu bezindawo ezisenyakatho yebanga bagcwaliswa ngemuva kwezindiza ezivela eningizimu; amabhande asehlathini ase-Eurasia avuselelwa ngokwengxenye ngabokufika abaseningizimu.
Izinhlobo zezimvemvane ze-Admiral
Umbala wezinambuzane omangalisayo onobuhle bombala wamasosha kanye nendwayimane kutholakala ezinhlotsheni ezimbili eziyinhloko. Inketho yokuqala, ngomugqa obomvu osawolintshi kumbala onsundu onsundu, cishe omnyama wamaphiko, ubizwa ngamafuphi - uvemvane olubomvu olubomvu. Indawo enesimo sezulu esipholile se-Eurasia neNyakatho Melika yindawo yayo yokuhlala.
Uvemvane omhlophe omhlophe uhlala emahlathini ase-Eurasia. Isizinda esikhulu samaphiko simnyama. Umugqa omhlophe onama-specks ugijima kuwo ngendlela efanayo, udala umbala ohlukile kumathoni amnyama namhlophe. Umdwebo usebenza njengokufihla okuhle kakhulu ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.
Uvemvane omhlophe omhlophe
Ngaphezu kohlelo lombala, umphathi omhlophe uhlukaniswa ngumlingiswa oyingqayizivele wokundiza. Uchungechunge lwezimpiko eziqinile zamaphiko ludlulela ekukhuphukeni isikhathi eside emoyeni. Okuthandwa uvemvane kuhlotshaniswa nokuqhamuka kwamajikijolo amnyama, i-nutmeg. Emahlathini ehlathi, izihlahla ze-honeysuckle ziyindawo ethandwa kakhulu umlawuli omhlophe wokubeka amaqanda.
Uhlobo oluhlobene novemvane lomkhuzi lwamakhakhasi (amakhakhasi). Igama lesibili lalesi sinambuzane yi-pink admiral. Uhlobo oluvamile lukaVanessa womndeni we-nymphalid luchaza ngokufana usayizi nendlela yokuphila yomuntu othutha.
Umbala wovemvane uwulintshi olukhanyayo onombala obomvana. Imidwebo engemuva elikhanyayo iqukethe ama-specks amnyama namhlophe, amabhendi. Izimvemvane zenza izindiza zobusika ezihamba amabanga amade eNyakatho Afrika.
Ukufudumala kubabuyisela emuva eYurophu, e-Asia. Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwezimvemvane kwenzeka ezindaweni ezipholile. Amaqanda ezinkunzimalanga abekwa ezitshalweni eziklaba: izimbabazane, yarrow, umama nosingamama, i-burdock.
Uvemvane obomvu obomvu
Esikwatini seLepidoptera, hhayi kuphela izimvemvane zikhonzile. Igumbi lokulila, enamaphiko amakhulu afinyelela ku-10 cm, ishaya nge-velvet ebanzi emaphikweni, ihlanganiswe nomngcele omhlophe ophuzi omhlophe onamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Igama linikezwa umbala omnyama wezimpukane, onsundu-mnyama, kwesinye isikhathi unombala onsomi.
Thanda izimangaliso zezimvemvane, ulamula kungokwesigaba sezinambuzane ezinamaphiko. Iphiko ngalinye line-engeli ebukhali, njengokungathi linqunywe ngokukhethekile. Lapho uvemvane luphumule, amakhona abukhali alimboza emehlweni okubuka. Ingubo yovemvane ephuzi ngokuluhlaza iyenza icishe ingabonakali endaweni eluhlaza engadini nasemapaki.
Phakathi kwezihlobo izimvemvane umxhwele urticaria Iyaziwa ngemvelaphi yayo enamaphiko abomvu ngezitini, lapho amabala amnyama, aphuzi eshintshana nezindawo ezikhanyayo eziqongweni. Izindawo ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka esisekelweni esimnyama zigijima emaphethelweni amaphiko.
Emndenini we-nymphalid, ohlanganisa izimvemvane ezihlukile, kunezici ezijwayelekile ezibonakalayo kakhulu - ukukhanya nokunotha kombala, ukuvezwa kanye namanothi emaphethelweni angaphandle amaphiko. Uvemvane obabazekayo, naphezu kokuhlukahluka kwezinambuzane, waziwa njengenye yezinhlobo zokuqala kunazo zonke eYurophu nase-Asia.
Ukulondolozwa kwezinombolo zayo kudinga izindlela zokuzivikela. Uvemvane lwe-Admiral eNcwadini Ebomvu kwavela ngaphansi kwethonya lezici ezingezinhle zokugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali.
Ukudla nendlela yokuphila
Impilo yovemvane lomkhuzi ukunyakaza okungapheli. Esimweni sezulu esihle, ubuhle beselula bungatholakala eduze nemizimba yamanzi, emapaki, otshanini. Lapho bephumule eziqwini zezihlahla ezinamaphiko agoqiwe, cishe akunakwenzeka ukubona izimvemvane ezinombala wokuzifihla ngemuva kwamaphiko.
Zihlangana nesizinda - amagxolo ama-oki noma izihlahla ze-larch. Izimvula nemimoya ziphoqa izinambuzane ukuba zibalekele emifantwini yezakhiwo, iziqu eziqhekekile. Lapho bacasha ezitheni. Kepha uma izimvemvane zilala ezindaweni zokukhosela, zisengozini yokuba ngukudla kwezinyoni namagundane.
Isikhathi esisebenzayo sezinambuzane siqala ngoJulayi kuya ku-Agasti. Azihlukani ngokwesaba. Uma ungenzi ukunyakaza okungazelelwe, uvemvane lungahlala kalula esandleni eseluliwe, ihlombe lomuntu. Ukutadisha ngokucophelela ukubukeka komphathi kuzokutshela ukuthi ngabe lo muntu uvemvane lwendawo noma ufikile. Abahambi balahlekelwa yimibala yabo ekhanyayo, izimpiko zabo zifiphele futhi zishwabene.
Isimo sezulu esifudumele siholela eqinisweni lokuthi izinambuzane eziningi zihlala ebusika ezindaweni ezipholile. Ukufuduka kwezimvemvane ngezikhathi ezithile kuya eningizimu kubulala izinambuzane eziningi ezingahambanga amabanga amade ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene.
Kufanele bakhuphuke izindawo eziphakeme kakhulu. Umoya uthatha amabhu bese uwahambisa endaweni efanele. Lokhu kusiza izinambuzane ukonga amandla. Kodwa izidalwa ezibuthakathaka zivame ukuba yizisulu zezinyoni, izitha zemvelo zezinambuzane.
Ngokwemvelo, abaningi abamele umhlaba ophilayo bajabulela izimvemvane. Ngaphezu kwezinyoni, amalulwane azingela esebenzisa i-echolocation nawo ayingozi. Umzimba wovemvane onoboya ungavikela ekuhlaselweni okunjalo.
Ezinye izitha zemvelo zifaka:
- izicabucabu;
- amabhungane;
- ojekamanzi;
- izintuthwane;
- iminyovu;
- ama-mantises wokukhuleka.
Izimvemvane zifakiwe ekudleni kwamaxoxo, izibankwa, namagundane amaningi. Izitha zemvelo zidla izinambuzane kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhula: amaqanda, izibungu, iziphungumangathi, imago (isigaba sokukhula sabantu abadala).
Ludla kanjani uvemvane olubabazekayo? Esigabeni sesibungu, imbabazane ehlabayo, imbabazane ehlabayo, namakhakhasi abe yisisekelo sokudla. Amaqabunga asebenza njengendlu nokondla umhlali. Abantu abadala bakhipha umpe ezihlwini eziqhakaza izimbali, i-cornflower, i-ivy. Izimvemvane zithanda izitshalo zeCompositae:
- amajikijolo;
- i-scabiosum;
- asters;
- UBuddley David.
Ekupheleni kwenkathi yehlobo, izimvemvane zigcwalisa ukudla kwazo ngezithelo ezivuthwe ngokweqile. Ijusi lama-plums aqhekekile, amapentshisi, amapheya aheha izinambuzane. Ama-Admirals akhetha ikakhulukazi izithelo ezivutshiwe.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ama-Admirals yizimvemvane ezinomjikelezo ogcwele wokuguqulwa. Intuthuko iqala ngokubekwa kweqanda, bese kuvela isibungu (isibungu), kwakheke isiphungumangathi, bese kuthi isigaba sokugcina sibe imago.
Izimvemvane ze-Admiral azincishwa isikhathi sokuqomisana, imidlalo yokukhwelana. Abesilisa abanamandla banqoba izindawo, abashayeli bezimbangi ezivela ezindaweni ezinhle kakhulu. Umkhwenyana ngamunye unesakhiwo sezitshalo zokudla ezikala cishe amamitha ayi-10 kuya kwangama-20. Ama-Admirals aqapha insimu, azungeze umjikelezo.
Isikhonzi sovemvane esibungu
Insikazi ekhethiwe izungezwe ukunakwa - zindiza zizungeze ukuthola umusa. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, izimvemvane zisengozini enkulu, njengoba zingasabeli emicimbini yangaphandle. Owesifazane ovundisiwe ubambelela isikhathi eside, lapho angaphazamisa khona ukugcwalisa umpe ezitshalweni eziqhakazayo noma emthini womuthi.
Iqanda elilodwa libekwa ebusweni bamaqabunga ezitshalo zokudla: i-nettle, i-hop, i-thistle. Kuyenzeka ukuthi amaqanda amaningana wezimvemvane ezihlukile zama-admiral avele ehlathini elilodwa. Zincane kakhulu, azibonakali emehlweni, kuze kufike ku-0.8 mm. Okokuqala, amaqanda aluhlaza okotshani, kuthi lapho kukhula umbungu, umbala ube mnyama.
Isibungu sivela ngesonto. Umzimba oluhlaza, ongafika ku-1.8 mm ngosayizi, embozwe ngama-bristles. Ikhanda elikhulu limnyama, liyacwebezela. Impilo yamacimbi yehlukile. Bakha izindlu ngamaqabunga, bawagoqe ngandlela thize bese bewaqinisa ngezindwangu. Bashiya indawo yabo yokuhlala ukuze bathole ukudla.
Ngenkathi ikhula, isibungu siguqula umbala sibe nombala oluhlaza-ophuzi, onsundu, omnyama noma obomvu onamabala esiliva, umzimba umbozwe ngamathole. Umuntu oyedwa unezinhlu ezifika kwezingu-7 ezinemigogodla.
Kunemivimbo ephuzi ezinhlangothini. Izinsika zomthunzi ofanayo. Ukubukeka kukuvumela ukuthi "uncibilike" esitshalweni. Izibungu zigcinwa ngokuqinile ngenxa yezimfihlo ezikhethekile, intambo kasilika.
Phakathi nenyanga, isibungu siphila ngeziqu ezinhlanu, kusuka ezinsukwini eziyi-3-4 kuya esigabeni eside kunazo zonke sezinsuku eziyi-10. Isibungu esikhulu sikhula size sifike ku-30-35 mm, ngaphezu kwesisodwa sakha indlu entsha ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwaso. Ngaphambi kobusika, indawo yokuhlala ifana netende. Entwasahlobo, isibungu siyakhuluphala.
Ngesikhathi esithile, ukondla lesi sibungu kuyama. Iqabunga lidliwe ukuze indlu ilenga ku-petiole. Inqubo yokufundela yenzeka ibheke phansi. Isiphungumangathi esimpunga onsundu esifinyelela ku-23 mm ubude siphenduka uvemvane lwangempela ngemuva kwamasonto angaba ngu-2.
Ummemezeli wevemvane yabantu abadala
Isikhathi sokwakheka sincike kakhulu ekushiseni. Isigaba sithatha izinsuku ezingu-7-8 kuphela uma umoya ufudumala uze ufike ku-30 ° C. Ukupholisa kuya ku-12-16 ° С kwandisa isikhathi kuya ezinsukwini ezingama-30-40.
Uvemvane oluncane luvela lunamaphiko amancane oluthatha isikhathi ukwambula. Isikhathi sokuphila sezinambuzane sifinyelela ezinyangeni eziyi-9-10 ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle.
Ukuphila okude kuchazwa ngeqiniso lokuthi ingxenye yempilo yaso isikhathi eside lesi sinambuzane sisebusika (diapause). Owesifazane ovundisiwe kuphela ohlale elala ubusuku bonke, elungele ukubeka amaqanda entwasahlobo ngemuva kokuvuka.
Abathandi bevemvane babagcina ezitsheni ezikhethekile noma emanzini. Izilwane ezifuywayo zidinga izitshalo zefolishi, umswakama, umoya omusha, izinga lokushisa elithile. Kepha noma ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, impilo yenundu izohlala kuphela amasonto ama-3-4.
Izimvemvane zempi - izidalwa ezibuthakathaka nezithandekayo zemvelo. Badinga isimo esikhethekile sokukhathalela. Izisebenzi ezincane zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekupholiseni izitshalo nasekuhlobiseni umhlaba wethu.
