I-vagrant ethandwa kakhulu engenangozi olwandle, ekhetha amanzi angajulile, iyabonakala Umdlavuza... Ukuzivikela nanjengekhaya, usebenzisa igobolondo, alithwala njalo emhlane. Kubuye kube phakathi kwabahlanza bemvelo bemvelo ezungezile, ngoba yondla kakhulu imfucumfucu engokwemvelo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Hermit Crab
I-hermit crab iyinhlobo ye-decapod sea crayfish, ukuhleleka kwemininingwane engaphelele, ehlala emanzini angajulile ezindawo ezingasogwini lwendawo esishisayo nasendaweni eshisayo. Akadli kahle ekudleni, omnivorous. Isici sakhe esikhulu ukuthi uhlala ezifaka igobolondo kuye. Igobolondo elisebenza njengekhaya lezinkalankala ezihlala zodwa livame ukutholakala ku-shellfish.
Umhlane wonke womzimba womdlavuza ungangena kalula kugobolondo, kanti ingaphambili lihlala ngaphandle. Indlu yegobolondo eyingqayizivele isebenza njengesivikelo esihle se-arthropod, ngakho-ke ayishiyi, kepha iyiguqula lapho kudingeka, lapho usayizi wayo uyanda.
Ividiyo: IHermit Crab
Namuhla kunezinombolo eziningi zezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinkalankala ezihlala kuzo zonke izilwandle zomhlaba. Izinhlobo ezinkulu zifinyelela ku-15 cm ngosayizi.I-hermit crab kunzima ukuyibona, kuphela ezimweni ezingavamile lapho ishiya isiphephelo sayo. Umzimba we-arthropod uguqula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kube yizimfanelo zegobolondo elihlala kulo.
Ukuze uvikeleke ngokwengeziwe, umdlavuza unamadivayisi ahlukahlukene onawo, kubandakanya. ungqimba lwe-chitin lumboza ingaphambili lomzimba. Igobolondo livikela isilwane ezitheni. I-hermit crab iyayisusa ngesikhathi se-molting. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ungqimba olusha lwe-chitin lukhula lubuyele emzimbeni wakhe. I-carapace endala ingasebenza njengokudla komdlavuza.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani inkalankala
Ubukhulu bezinkalankala ze-hermit buyehluka futhi kuya ngohlobo lwazo. Kusukela ku-2 cm omncane kuya ku-cm omkhulu kunabo bonke abangu-15. Ukubukeka kwenkalankala eyisimanga akujwayelekile kakhulu.
Umzimba uhlukaniswe izingxenye ezilandelayo:
- isifuba esithambile;
- ikhanda elihlangene nesifuba;
- imilenze;
- amadevu;
- izikhonkwane.
Uzipho lubekwe eduze ikhanda. Uzipho lwesokudla lukhulu kunolwesobunxele. Umdlavuza uwusebenzisa njengesivalo ukungena endlini. Umzwilili usebenzisa uzipho lwesobunxele ukuthola ukudla. Imilenze, esetshenziswa yi-arthropod ukunyakaza, itholakala eduze kwezihlungi. Ezinye izitho ezincane azisetshenziswa ngumdlavuza.
Ingaphambili lomzimba limbozwe nge-chitin, eyakha igobolondo elinganyakazi. Ingxenye ethambile yangemuva yomzimba we-crab hermit ayimbozi i-chitin, ngakho-ke iyifihla egobolondweni. Izitho zangemuva ezincane zilungisa ngokuthembekile igobolondo, ngakho-ke i-arthropod ayilahli neze.
Izinkalankala zeHermit zisebenzisa amagobolondo ezinhlobonhlobo zemollusk njengezindlu zazo:
- ama-rapanas;
- i-gibull;
- nass;
- isibeletho.
Ukuze kube lula, i-arthropod ikhetha igobolondo elikhudlwana kunomzimba wayo. Uzipho olukhulu lwenkalankala luvimba ngokuthembekile umnyango wokukhosela. Izinkalankala zeHermit zikhula ngenkuthalo ngosayizi kukho konke ukuphila kwazo, ngakho-ke ziphoqeleka ukuthi zikhulise njalo indawo yazo yokuhlala. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bona, uma kunesidingo, bashintsha igobolondo labo libe ngosayizi abakhulu, besebenzisa mahhala kuphela. Uma inkalankala ngesizathu esithile ingalitholi igobolondo elifanele, ingadlulela kwesinye isigebenga.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Njengendlu, inkalankala ingasebenzisi igobolondo le-mollusk kuphela, kodwa nezinye izinto ezinesimo esifanele: ingilazi, isivalo, njll.
Ihlala kuphi inkalankala?
Isithombe: Inkalankala yoLwandle Olumnyama
Izinkalankala zeHermit zihlala emizimbeni yamanzi kuphela ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlala okukhulu kwalezi arthropod kufakazela isimo esihlanzekile semvelo kule ndawo. Muva nje, isimo esiyinhlekelele nokungcola kwezilwandle kuholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwenani lezinkalankala.
Izinkalankala zeHermit zikhetha ukuhlala emanzini angajulile. Kepha kunezinhlobo ezithile ezehlela ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-80 ngaphansi kwamanzi. Namuhla, izinkalankala zingatholakala ogwini lwase-Australia, oLwandle iBaltic, iNorth Sea, ogwini lwaseYurophu, oLwandle iMedithera, ogwini lweziqhingi zaseCaribbean, nasesiqhingini saseCrudasan.
Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izinkalankala ezikhetha ukuhlala emanzini. Kukhona izinkalankala zomhlaba ezihlala eziqhingini zoLwandlekazi i-Indian. Bahlala emhlabeni cishe zonke izimpilo zabo. Ukuhamba njalo kwe-land herray crayfish kuchaza yonke indawo engasogwini, ngenkathi umzila oshiywe yi-arthropods ufana nomkhondo ovela kugandaganda wesibungu.
Ama-arthropods omhlaba anenkinga ebukhali ngokwanda kwendawo yokuhlala, ngoba akukho ukukhetha okukhethekile kwamagobolondo emhlabeni. Ngakho-ke, i-hermit crab kufanele izame ukuthola izindlu ezidingekayo. Izinkalankala zomhlaba zitholakala zombili ogwini olunesihlabathi lwalezi ziqhingi nasemahlathini asogwini. Kodwa-ke, ama-arthropod amaningi akhetha ulwandle namanzi ahlanzekile ukuze aphile.
Manje uyazi lapho kutholakala khona inkalankala. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Idla ini inkalankala?
Isithombe: Inkalankala yeHermit emvelweni
Ukuze ujwayelane ngokuphelele nenkalankala, kufanele wazi ukuthi idla kanjani. Ngale ndlela, i-hermit crab icishe ifane kakhulu nezihlobo zayo - ama-crustaceans, okusho ukuthi nayo i-omnivorous futhi ayikhethi. Akakudeleli ukudla kwezitshalo nezilwane. Izibiliboco azithanda kakhulu yilezi: ulwelwe, izibungu, i-fish caviar, i-shellfish, inhlanzi.
Kwenzeka ukuthi inkalankala idle izidumbu noma ukudla okusele kuma-anemone aseduze. Uma i-crayfish, nganoma yisiphi isizathu, kufanele iye emhlabathini, khona-ke idla ukhukhunathi, izithelo noma izinambuzane ezincane.
Inkalankala, uma i-molting, isusa igobolondo layo bese iyayidla, ngoba iyinsalela ephilayo. Le arthropod icosha noma yikuphi ukudla okuphilayo. Indawo ehlala inkalankala ikuthonya kakhulu ukudla kwayo. Kepha ezimweni eziningi, kuseyi-algae, inhlanzi, izikelemu, ama-crustaceans amancane noma ama-echinoderms.
Bathola kakhulu ukudla endaweni yokungena engenayo nephumayo, noma kwezinye izindawo ezinamadwala. Ngokuqondene nabantu abahlala emanzini, bangadla ukudla okukhethekile, kahle, noma yini esala etafuleni lesidlo sakusihlwa, okusanhlamvu, izingcezu zezinkukhu, noma yikuphi ukudla. Ukuze ungeze amavithamini ekudleni kwakhe, ungamphakela ngezicucu zezithelo.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: IHermit Crab evela oLwandle Olumnyama
Inkalankala ihlukaniswa ngesibindi nokukhuthazela kwayo. Njengoba inani elikhulu lezitha limzingela, kufanele azivikele impilo yakhe yonke. Kungakho, yonke indawo edonsa igobolondo. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, uzama ngazo zonke izindlela "ukusungula" ukuxhumana nabafowabo, ngisho nokuxoxisana. Ukuze bathole impilo yabo ethokomele, izinkalankala zingashintsha igobolondo.
Okwamanje lapho i-arthropod iguqula ikhaya layo, iba sengozini enkulu. Ukuze ikwazi ukukhosela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, i-hermit crab iphephela ngaphansi kwamatshe nasemigodini. Kepha le ndawo yokukhosela iba engaphephile ngokweqile kuyena ngesikhathi samaza amancane.
Kwezinye izinkalankala ezinesizungu, i-symbiosis ene-anemones enobuthi iyafaneleka. Ukuhlalisana okunjalo kuzuzisa izinhlangothi zombili, ngoba kuyasiza ukuthola ukudla, futhi akukhawuleli nhlobo ukuzimela kwabo. Isibonelo esivelele salokhu kudalulwa komzimba inyunyana ye-arthropod ne-sea anemone. U-Anemone uhlala egobolondweni lenkalankala futhi alisebenzise njengesithwali.
Omakhelwane baphakelana ngokudla okusele komunye nomunye. Ndawonye, bangamelana kalula nabazingeli. Ngibiza ukusebenzisana okunenzuzo okunje ngokubambisana, futhi akulimazi nakancane. Inyunyana iphuka kuphela uma inkalankala iphoqeleka ukuthi iguqule igobolondo layo ngenxa yokwanda kosayizi.
Inkalankala endala ikhula ibe nkulu futhi ibe namandla. I-arthropod ihlala ngokukhethekile emanzini ahlanzekile. Inkalankala iHermit iyasebenza ifuna ukudla nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku. "Ukupheka" ukudla nokuthatha kuthatha isikhathi esincane uma kuqhathaniswa.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Inkalankala eyizimele iyazihlola ngokuzimela futhi idla izinhlanzi ethanjeni emahoreni ambalwa nje.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Hermit Crab
Izinkalankala zeHermit ezihlala emanzini zikhetha ukunamathela ndawonye nabafowabo.
Ukuhlala ndawonye kwenkalankala kunezinzuzo ezilandelayo:
- inkalankala ayidingi ukuchitha amandla ukuthola igobolondo elifanele, ngoba abazalwane "bathola" indawo yokuhlala enwetshiwe, bashiye igobolondo labo;
- ukuthola ukudla ndawonye nezinkalankala kulula kakhulu futhi kulula. Lapho nje inkalankala eyodwa ithola ukudla, ngokushesha yazisa wonke umphakathi wakini ngakho;
- ukuhlala ndawonye eqenjini kuphephe kakhulu, ngoba kulula kakhulu ukuzivikela ezitheni ngale ndlela.
Uma okungenani izinkalankala ezintathu zihlangana endaweni eyodwa, ezinye izihlobo zazo zingena endaweni efanayo. Kusuka kuma-arthropods ayishumi nambili, kwakheka "inqwaba encane", lapho wonke umuntu ekhwela phezulu komunye nomunye futhi azama ngazo zonke izindlela ukulahla omunye komunye. Esimweni esinjalo, ama-crayfish alahlekelwa amagobolondo awo. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ikakhulukazi abantu abanobuhlakani bangathola izindlu ezintsha nezithuthukisiwe.
Izinkalankala zomhlaba azithandi ukuphambana nezihlobo ngqo ngenxa yemibuthano enjalo. Kushiywe dengwane emhlabathini, kunzima kubo ukuthola igobolondo elisha. Inqubo yokuzalanisa izinkalankala ezincikene nayo isuselwa embangweni ophakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Ama-arthropods akhiqiza unyaka wonke. Ngenqubo yokuhlangana kwawo, kukhiqizwa amaqanda, aqhubeka nesisu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Inkalankala yowesifazane ithwala abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyi-15.
Ngemuva kwesonto, izibungu ziyavela emaqandeni, ezikwazi ukuhlala ngokuzimela emanzini. Ngemuva kwezigaba ezine zokuncibilika, izibungu ziba ngama-crustaceans amancane acwila phansi. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wabantu abasha ukuthola indawo yokuhlala njengegobolondo, noma ngabe baba kanjani ukudla kwezilwane. Eqinisweni, bambalwa kuphela abasindayo, ngisho nasesigabeni sokuvuthwa, izibungu eziningi ziyafa. Ngokwesilinganiso, i-hermit crab ihlala iminyaka eyishumi.
Izitha zemvelo zenkalankala
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani inkalankala
Umzimba othambile, onomsoco we-crab hermit unentshisekelo empilweni yasolwandle eminingi. Inkalankala engavikelekile iyisicucu esihlwabusayo sabadli. Ezitheni eziningi, ukuthola inkalankala egobolondweni kuyinkinga enkulu. Akuwona nje kuphela umzimba owondlekile we-arthropod ogcwalisa ngokuphelele isikhala samahhala segobolondo, kodwa futhi nenkalankala ebamba igobolondo ngokuqinile ngezitho zayo zangemuva. Ama-anemones, ahlala ngokubambisana nenkalankala, ahlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okwengeziwe.
Kepha yonke inkalankala kufanele ibhekane nokushintsha kwendawo yokuhlala. Lapho ishiya igobolondo layo ifuna indlu enkulu, iba yisisulu sabakhileyo basolwandle. Noma yisiphi isilwane sasolwandle esidlula usayizi we-crab hermit siba yisitha saso. Izitha zayo eziyinhloko ngama-cephalopods, octopus, squid. Imihlathi yawo enamandla ethuthukile iluma kalula ngisho negobolondo eliyivikelayo kalula. Ngakho-ke, bathwala ingozi enkulu enkalankala, noma ngabe usendlini.
Isibungu se-hermit crab sisengozini kuwo wonke amakhona ngoba, ngokungafani nomuntu omdala, asinayo indlu evikelayo. Izinkalankala zeHermit ziba isisulu sezinambuzane ze-isopod ne-crayfish enekhanda.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Hermit Crab
Izinkalankala zeHermit ziningi. Kodwa minyaka yonke isibalo sayo saqala ukwehla. Ukwehla okukhulu kwabantu kuhlotshaniswa nokungcoliswa kwemvelo ngabantu, ikakhulukazi izilwandle. Ngokutadisha izinkalankala nezici zazo, ososayensi benza ucwaningo mayelana nokusabela kwezilwandle ekushiseni komhlaba kanye nase-acidification kwezilwandle.
Ngaphezu kokungcola kwezilwandle, izinambuzane ziphinde zithinte inani lezinkalankala ezihlala zodwa. Ngokuthelela i-arthropods, balawula kakhulu izinombolo zabo. Cishe i-9% yabantu be-arthropod itheleleka unyaka nonyaka. Kulokhu, izinga lokusabalala kokutheleleka lincike enkathini. Isibalo esiphezulu sezinkalankala ezinegciwane lesandulela ngculazi sibhekwa ngo-Okthoba (ingxenye yesine yabantu), nesincane kunazo zonke ngoMashi. Ukutheleleka kwamagciwane kuyehla phakathi kukaMashi kuya ku-Okthoba; kungalesi sikhathi lapho ukukhula okulinganayo kwenkalankala yehla.
Ubuningi babantu bezinkalankala ezaziwa ngokuthi yi-hermit crabs kuthonywa kakhulu ukushisa kwamanzi, ngoba ukutholakala kwama-parasites kuwo kuncike kuwo. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi ukutheleleka ngamagciwane kuthinta ukuzala kwenkalankala. Ngakho-ke, imvelo idale indlela evikela inani le-arthropod ekukhiqizeni ngokweqile.
Umdlavuza iyinhlanzeko yemvelo yemvelo yasemanzini futhi iphakela zonke izinsalela zezinto eziphilayo. Kungakho izindawo ezihlala ama-arthropods zihlanzekile. Inani lezinkalankala ezisebenza njengesihlava lisebenza njengenkomba yesibonakaliso sempilo ye-ecosystem, ngoba inani laso liphikisana ngokulingana nezinga lokungcola kwemvelo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/09/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 11.11.2019 ngo-12: 13
