Ingwe yaseSumatran (ngesiLatin Panthae tigris sumаtrae) iyinhlangano engaphansi kwamahlosi futhi iyinhlobo yendawo ehlala esiqhingini saseSumatra kuphela. Izinhlobo ezisengozini yezilwane ezincelisayo, isigaba se-Carnivores, umndeni wakwaFelidae kanye nohlobo lwePherher.
Incazelo ye-Tiger yaseSumatran
Amahlosi amaSumatran amancane kunawo wonke ama-subspecies aphilayo futhi aziwayo amahlosi, ngakho-ke usayizi womuntu omdala mncane kunosayizi wanoma yibaphi abanye abamele amahlosi amaNdiya (iBengal) nama-Amur.
Amahlosi aseSumatran abonakala ngezinto ezithile ezihlukanisayo ezihlukanisa lesi silwane esincelisayo nezilwane ezingaphansi kwe-India, kanye nesifunda sase-Amur nezinye izindawo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, i-Panthea tigris sumatrae yizilwane ezinolaka kakhulu, okuvame ukuchazwa ukwehliswa okukhulu kobubanzi bemvelo nokwanda kwezimo zokungqubuzana ezivela phakathi kwabantu nesilwane esidlayo.
Ukubukeka, ubukhulu
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwelincane kunawo wonke amahlosi aziwa namuhla imikhuba yawo ekhethekile, izici zokuziphatha, kanye nokubukeka okungajwayelekile. Ama-subspecies angavamile we-tiger weSumatran abonakala ngombala ohluke kakhulu nohlobo lokuhlelwa kwemivimbo emnyama emzimbeni, kanye nokunye okujwayelekile, ukwakheka kwamathambo.
Umzingeli wezilwane ezincelisayo uhlukaniswa izitho ezinamandla nezithuthukile, ezinamandla... Imilenze yangemuva ibonakaliswe ngobude obukhulu, okufaka isandla ekwandeni kwekhono lokugxuma. Imilenze yangaphambili inezinzwani ezinhlanu, kanti eyangemuva inezinzwane ezine. Kukhona ulwelwesi olukhethekile ezindaweni eziphakathi kweminwe. Impela yonke iminwe ihlukaniswa ubukhona bezinzipho ezibukhali, ezihlehlisekayo, ubude bazo bungahluka phakathi kuka-8-10 cm.
Abesilisa babonakala ngokuba khona kwamanxeba asemaceleni amade asentanyeni, emphinjeni nasezihlathini, okusebenza njengesivikelo esithembeke ngokuphelele sesifonyo sesilwane esidlayo emiphumeleni yamagatsha namagatsha, avame ukuhlangana nengwe yaseSumatran lapho ihamba emahlathini asehlathini. Umsila mude, usetshenziswa ngumzingeli njengebhalansi ngesikhathi soshintsho olungazelelwe ekubhekeni kokugijima nasenqubeni yokuxhumana nabanye abantu abadala.
Umzingeli ovuthiwe ngokocansi unamazinyo angamashumi amathathu, ubukhulu bawo, njengokujwayelekile, bungaba ngu-7.5-9.0 cm. Amehlo omeleli walezi zinhlobo ezinkulu ngobukhulu, anomfundi oyindilinga. Iris iphuzi, kepha ama-albino specimens ane-iris eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umzingeli unombono wombala. Ulimi lwesilwane lumbozwe amashubhu amaningi abukhali, asiza isilwane ukuthi sixebule kalula isikhumba enyameni, futhi sisuse ngokushesha imicu yenyama emathanjeni wesisulu esibanjiwe.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukuphakama okujwayelekile kwesidalwa esidala lapho kubuna kuvame ukufika kuma-60 cm, kanti ubude bomzimba buphelele bungaba yi-1.8-2.7 m, nobude bomsila obungu-90-120 cm kanye nesisindo esingu-70 kuye ku-130 kg.
Umbala womzimba wesilwane owolintshi noma onsundu ngokubomvu onemigqa emnyama. Umehluko omkhulu kwi-Amur tiger nakwamanye ama-subspecies wukubhaxabulwa okuphambili kwezidladla. Imivimbo ekule ndawo ibanzi ngokwanele, ngokuhleleka kwesici komunye nomunye, ngenxa yokuthi kuvame ukuhlangana ndawonye. Izeluleko zezindlebe zinamabala amhlophe, ngokusho kososayensi, abizwa ngokuthi "amehlo amanga".
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Amahlosi anolaka impela... Ehlobo, isilwane esincelisayo esidlangalaleni sisebenza ikakhulukazi ebusuku noma ngokuqala kokuhlwa, nasebusika - emini. Njengomthetho, kuqala ihlosi likhipha inyamazane yalo, bese kuthi ngokucophelela linyonyobele kulo, lishiye indawo yalo yokukhosela futhi ligijimele, kwesinye isikhathi ekuphishekeleni isilwane isikhathi eside.
Enye indlela yokuzingela ihlosi laseSumatran ukuhlasela izinyamazane. Kulokhu, umhlaseli uhlasela inyamazane ngemuva noma eceleni. Esimweni sokuqala, ihlosi liluma inyamazane entanyeni bese liphula umgogodla, futhi indlela yesibili ihilela ukuklinya isisulu. Kaningi, amahlosi ashayela umdlalo onenselo emizimbeni yamanzi, lapho umhlaseli enenzuzo engenakuphikwa, ekubeni ebhukuda kahle kakhulu.
Isilwane sihudulelwa endaweni ephephile, ecashile, lapho sidliwa khona. Ngokusho kokubona, umuntu omdala uyakwazi ukudla cishe amakhilogremu ayishumi nesishiyagalombili enyama ngesidlo esisodwa, okuvumela isilwane ukuthi sibulawe yindlala izinsuku ezimbalwa. Amahlosi aseSumatran ayayithanda kakhulu imvelo yasemanzini, ngakho-ke ayabhukuda emachibini emvelo ngenjabulo enkulu noma avele alale emanzini apholile ngezinsuku ezishisayo. Ukuxhumana kwamahlosi kwenziwa ngenqubo yokuhlikihla isifonyo esihlotsheni sabo.
Amahlosi aseSumatran ahola, njengomthetho, indlela yokuphila eyedwa, futhi okuwukuphela kwalokhu ngaphandle komthetho abesifazane abakhulisa inzalo yabo. Ubukhulu besigaba ngasinye esijwayelekile sesilwane cishe ngama-26-78 km2, kodwa ingahluka ngokuya ngobuningi nobuningi bezici zesizinda.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngokusho kweminyaka eminingi yokubukwa, ihlosi lesilisa laseSumatran alikwazi ukubekezelela noma yikuphi ukutholakala komunye owesilisa endaweni yalo, kepha ngokuthula kuvumela abantu abadala ukuthi bawele.
Izindawo zamahlosi amaduna aseSumatran kwesinye isikhathi zigqitshwa ngokwedlulele yizindawo ezihlala abesifazane. Amahlosi azama ukumaka imingcele yendawo ahlala kuyo ngosizo lomchamo nendle, abuye enze lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ukuklwebheka" kumagxolo esihlahla. Abesilisa abasebasha bazifunela insimu ngokuzimela, noma bazame ukuthola isiza kubantu besilisa abadala abavuthiwe ngokocansi.
Ihlala kanjani ihlosi laseSumatran?
Amahlosi amaShayina nawaseSumatran, ezimweni zemvelo zama-subspecies, avame ukuhlala cishe iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu kuya kwayishumi nesishiyagalombili. Ngakho-ke, ubude besikhathi sokuphila kwalesi silwane esincelisayo esinonya, ngaphandle kwezimpawu zezinhlobo zaso ezincane, ngokufanayo, ngaphandle komehluko omncane. Ekuthunjweni, ubude besikhathi sokuphila kwenyosi laseSumatran lifinyelela eminyakeni engamashumi amabili
Indawo yokuhlala
Indawo yokuhlala komzingeli isiqhingi sase-Indonesia iSumatra. Indawo engabalulekile ebangeni, kanye nokugcwala okubonakalayo kwesibalo sabantu, yizici ezinqandayo ezingaba namandla wamakhono alezi zinhlobo ezincane, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, zifaka isandla ekuqothulweni kwayo kancane kancane, kodwa okubonakalayo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, isilwane esincelisayo esidlangalaleni siyaphoqeleka ukuba sihlehle siye ngaphakathi enkabeni yesiqhingi, lapho kungagcini nje ngokujwayela izimo ezintsha zokuhlala kwesilwane sasendle, kepha futhi nokuchitha ngokweqile kwamandla amaningi ekufuneni inyamazane.
Izindawo zokuhlala zamahlosi aseSumatran zihluke kakhulu futhi zingamelwa yizikhukhula zemifula, izindawo eziminyene nezinomswakama we-equatorial forest, ama-peat bogs nama-mangroves. Noma kunjalo, isilwane esincelisayo sidla izindawo ezinenqwaba yezitshalo, ngokuba khona kwezindawo zokukhosela ezifinyelelekayo nemithombo yamanzi, ezinemithambeka emikhulu nokudla okwanele okuphelele, ebangeni elifanele ukusuka ezindaweni ezakhiwe ngabantu.
Ukudla kwehlosi laseSumatran
Amahlosi angaphansi kwesigaba sezilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye ezikhetha ukuzingela izilwane ezinosayizi ophakathi nendawo, kufaka phakathi izingulube zasendle, ama-muntjacs, izingwenya, ama-orangutan, ama-badger, onogwaja, ama-sambar amaNdiya kanye nama-maned, kanye ne-kanchili, isisindo sayo esihlukile sihluka phakathi kwama-25-900 kg. Isilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke sidliwa umuntu omdala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.
Lapho kugcinwa ekuthunjweni, ukudla okujwayelekile kwamahlosi aseSumatran kungamelwa yizinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinhlanzi, inyama, nezinkukhu ngokufakwa kwezindawo ezikhethekile zamavithamini nezakhi zamaminerali. Ibhalansi ephelele yokudla kwengwe enjalo iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwayo isikhathi eside nokulondolozwa kwezempilo.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Isikhathi se-estrus sowesifazane asidluli izinsuku ezinhlanu noma eziyisithupha. Abesilisa baheha abesifazane abavuthiwe ngokocansi ngephunga lezilwane, izimpawu zezingcingo, nemidlalo yantambama ephawulekayo. Ukulwa kwabesifazane phakathi kwabesilisa nakho kuyaphawulwa, lapho izidumbu zinengubo ekhuliswe kakhulu, zibhonga kakhulu, zime ngemilenze yazo yangemuva bese zishayana ngokushaya okubonakalayo ngezitho zangaphambili.
Imibhangqwana eyakhiwe izingela futhi ichithe isikhathi esibalulekile ndawonye, kuze kube yilapho owesifazane ekhulelwa... Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwengwe yaseSumatran nabanye abamele abaningi bomndeni we-feline yikhono lowesilisa lokuhlala nowesifazane kuze kufike isikhathi sokuzalwa uqobo, kanye nosizo lwakhe olusebenzayo lokondla inzalo yakhe. Ngokushesha nje lapho amawundlu ekhula, owesilisa ushiya "umndeni" wakhe futhi angabuya kuphela lapho insikazi ivela ku-estrus elandelayo.
Isikhathi sokuzala okusebenzayo kwehlosi laseSumatran siyabonwa unyaka wonke, kepha abesifazane bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokobulili beneminyaka emithathu kuya kwemine, kanti abesilisa bavuthwa ngokuphelele ngokobulili, njengomthetho, ngeminyaka emihlanu. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha isilinganiso esingaphansi nje kwezinyanga ezine.
Kuyathakazelisa! Abantu abasha bazama ukungashiyi omama babo baze bakwazi ukuzizingela bodwa, futhi isikhathi sokulunyulwa ngokuphelele kwamazinyane engwe avela kowesifazane siwela onyakeni owodwa nohhafu ubudala.
Insikazi izala imvamisa ayidluli amawundlu amabili noma amathathu angaboni, futhi isisindo sawo sihluka phakathi kuka-900-1300 g. Amehlo amawundlu avuleka cishe ngosuku lweshumi. Ezinyangeni ezimbili zokuqala, amantshontsho adla kuphela ubisi lukamama olunomsoco kakhulu, ngemuva kwalokho owesifazane uqala ukondla amawundlu ngokudla okuqinile. Amantshontsho enezinyanga ezimbili ubudala aqala ukuphuma kancane emgodini wawo.
Izitha zemvelo
Naphezu kobukhulu obumangazayo, izilwane ezinkulu ezidla ezinye zingabalwa phakathi kwezitha zemvelo zenyosi yaseSumatran, kanye nomuntu othinta kabi inani eliphelele labamele abomndeni wakwaFeline nohlobo lwePherher ngokwemvelo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isikhathi eside, ama-subspecies ama-tiger aseSumatran ayesengcupheni yokuqothulwa ngokuphelele, futhi kwakufanele afakwe esigabeni se- "Taxa esimweni esibucayi" kanye nohlu olubomvu lwezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Ububanzi behlosi elinjalo eSumatra buyancipha ngokushesha, ngenxa yokwanda okubanzi kwemisebenzi ehlukahlukene yezomnotho yabantu.
Kuze kube manje, inani lehlosi laseSumatran, ngokusho kokulinganisela okuhlukahlukene, lifaka abantu ababalelwa ku-300-500... Ekupheleni kwehlobo lika-2011, iziphathimandla zase-Indonesia zamemezela ukwakhiwa kwendawo ekhethekile yokulondolozela eyenzelwe ukugcina amahlosi aseSumatran. Ngale njongo, kwabiwa ingxenye yesiqhingi saseBethet eduze nogu lwaseningizimu yeSumatra.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izinto ezisongela kakhulu lezi zinhlobo zibandakanya ukuzingela ngokungemthetho, ukulahleka kwezindawo zokuhlala ezinkulu ngenxa yokugawulwa kwezimboni zomgogodla nezamaphepha nezinkuni, kanye nokwandiswa kwamasimu asetshenziselwa ukutshala intende kawoyela.
Ukwehlukaniswa kwezindawo zokuhlala nezindawo zokuhlala, kanye nokungqubuzana nabantu, kunomthelela omubi. Amahlosi amaSumatran azala kahle ngokwanele ekuthunjweni, ngakho-ke agcinwa emapaki amaningi ezilwane emhlabeni wonke.
