Inkanyezi-ikhala - imvukuzane ekhethekile enekhala elizwelayo
Phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo ezingavamile nezingavamile emhlabeni, kukhona isilwane igama laso elisho okuningi ngaso. ikhala lenkanyezi, noma igama eliphakathi starbur.
Impumulo esesimweni senkanyezi ekhonjiwe eminingi, eguqulwe ukumba imigqa engaphansi komhlaba futhi esebenza ngokugqamile njengengxenye yokuthinta, yikhadi lokushaya lomhlali waseNew World ovela emndenini wemvukuzane.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Umthethosisekelo wezilwane uqhathaniswa nezihlobo zawo: uqinile, uyindilinga, nekhanda elihlangene entanyeni emfushane. Amehlo mancane, awabonakali. Umbono ubuthakathaka. Azikho izindlebe.
Izinzwani ezisezindongeni zinde, zinesikhala, nezinzipho ezinkulu ezisicaba. Imilenze iphendukele ngaphandle ukuze kube lula nokumba. Izinyawo ezingemuva zezinzwane ezinhlanu ziyefana nezangaphambili, kepha hhayi njengoba zenzelwe ukumba njengezangaphambili.
Ubukhulu inkanyezi-ikhala incane, 10 cm cm.Umsila ungeza cishe u-8 cm ubude.Ude ukwedlula owamanye ama-moles, embozwe izinwele ezigqokile futhi ugcina amafutha ebusika. Ngakho-ke, ngesimo sezulu esibandayo, ubukhulu bayo bukhuphuka izikhathi ezi-3-4. Isisindo sezilwane singama-50-80 g.
Ijazi limnyama, nsundu, licishe libe mnyama ngombala. Ijiyile futhi iwusilika, inzima futhi ayinamanzi kunoma yisiphi isimo sezulu. Lokhu kwehlukanisa imvukuzane enezinkanyezi kwamanye ama-moles.
Kepha umehluko omkhulu nesici kulele ekucwaswa okungajwayelekile ngesimo senkanyezi. Emakhaleni kukhona ukukhula kwesikhumba okuyi-11 ohlangothini ngalunye. Yonke imisebe ihamba ngokushesha okungavamile, iyathinta futhi ibheka ukuhleleka kwezinto eziningi ezincane endleleni.
Ikhala elimangalisa kangaka lisebenza njenge-electroreceptor ebamba imizwa evela ekunyakazeni kwezilwane ngejubane eliphakeme kakhulu. Ezintanjeni zekhala, kuze kufike ku-4 mm ngosayizi, kukhona ukuphela kwezinzwa, imithambo yegazi esiza ukuqaphela inyamazane.
Ngomzuzwana ohlukanisiwe, isilwane sinquma okudliwayo. Impumulo eyingqayizivele yalesi silwane ithathwa njengesitho esibucayi kakhulu sokuthinta emhlabeni. Imvukuzane yenkanyezi ayikwazi ukudideka nanoma ngubani. Izifunda eziseMpumalanga yeNyakatho Melika, eningizimu-mpumalanga yeCanada yizindawo zazo zokuhlala.
Inkanyezi-ikhala ibhukuda kahle
Eningizimu yezwekazi, kukhona abameleli bezinkanyezi, ezincane kakhulu ngosayizi. Izimvukuzane ziyayithanda imvelo enomswakama etholakala emaxhaphozini, emigodini, ezigangeni, ezimfundeni ezikhulukazi nasemahlathini. Uma ususwe endaweni eyomile, lapho-ke ungadluli ku-300-400 m ukusuka echibini. Kuvela ezindaweni eziphakeme kuze kufike ku-1500 m ngaphezu kolwandle.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila yenkanyezi-ekhaleni
Akuhlukile ezihlotsheni zezimvukuzane, ikhala lenkanyezi dala ama-labyrinths amavesi angaphansi komhlaba. Izinyathelo zezinyawo ezinjengezindunduma zobumba endaweni eyisicaba zinika indawo yazo yokuhlala.
Eminye imigudu iholela echibini, eminye ixhunywe namagumbi okuzijabulisa ahlonyisiwe. Izitshalo ezomile, amaqabunga namahlumela kunqwabelana lapho. Izindima ezingenhla, eziseduze nobuso bomhlaba, ezokuzingela; izimbobo ezijulile - zokukhosela ezitheni nokukhulisa inzalo.
Ubude bemigudu bufinyelela kuma-250-300 m. Ijubane lokuhamba kwesilwane emhubheni liphakeme kunejubane legundane eligijimayo. Kuyasebenza izinsumpa ezinekhala lezinkanyezi inobungane kakhulu nesici samanzi. Ababhukudi abahle nabatshuzi, bazingela ngisho naphansi kwedamu.
Ebusika uchitha isikhathi esiningi ngaphansi kweqhwa emanzini. Azifihli phakathi nesikhathi sokulala, ngakho-ke zizingela imini nobusuku kubantu abahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi futhi zithole izinambuzane zobusika ngaphansi kwesembozo seqhwa.
Ebusweni bomhlaba, izinkanyezi ezifutheka zisebenza kakhulu kunezimvukuzane. Banezindlela zabo nezindlela zabo emahlathini aminyene namaqabunga awile, lapho izilwane ezincane zihamba khona. Ukuminza kwezilwane kuyaziphoqa ukuthi zimbe zonke izindlela ezintsha, uma kungekho ukudla okusele emihubheni yakudala.
Emini, imvukuzane yenza uhambo lokuzingela izikhathi ezingama-4-6, phakathi kwayo ephumula futhi igaye isisulu sayo. Uhlangothi lwezenhlalo lwempilo lugujwa inkanyezi enekhala lezinkanyezi ekwakheni amakoloni amancane.
Kunabantu ababalelwa ku-25-40 ihektha ngalinye lendawo. Amaqembu awazinzile, avame ukuhlukana. Ukuxhumana kwabantu abangabobulili obuhlukile ngaphandle kwenkathi yokukhwelana kuyaphawuleka.
Izilwane ezinekhala lezinkanyezi zihlala zifuna ukudla, kepha zona ngokwazo ziyizinto ezivamile zokuzingela izinyoni zasebusuku, izinja, izidenge, izimpungushe, amaMarten nezihlobo zazo. Ama-perches anemilomo emikhulu nama-bullfrogs angagwinya ikhala elinenkanyezi ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Ebusika, lapho ukudla kuyindlala, izilwane ezidla ezinye zimba ama-snout ezinkanyezi emakamelweni angaphansi komhlaba. Okokhozi nezikhova, lokhu futhi kuyisilwane esihlwabusayo.
Esithombeni, amawundlu anezinkanyezi
Ukudla okunezinkanyezi
Izilwane ziyazi ukuthi zingazithola kanjani izisulu yonke indawo: ebusweni bomhlaba, ekujuleni kwenhlabathi, emanzini. Ngokuyinhloko, ukudla kwabo kuqukethe izikelemu zomhlaba, ama-molluscs, izibungu, izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, izinhlanzi ezincane nama-crustaceans. Ngisho namaxoxo amancane namagundane angena ekudleni.
Ukuzwela okuphezulu kwezitho zokuthinta kusiza imvukuzane enezinkanyezi ukuthola inyamazane enezintambo ebusweni bayo futhi iyibambe ngezidladla zangaphambili. Ukubamba kwayo ngokushesha kwehlukanisa lesi silwane njengesinye sezilwane eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni.
Ehlobo, phakathi nesikhathi senala yokudla, ubukhazikhazi bempumulo yenkanyezi bunjengokuthi budla ukudla ngendlela enesisindo sayo. Kepha kwezinye izikhathi, isilinganiso saso esijwayelekile sifinyelela ku-35 g wokuphakelayo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Emakoloni wezinsumpa ezithwele izinkanyezi, ukubonwa komuntu oyedwa kuyingxenye eyodwa. Kubonakala ngokuthi abantu abathandana nabobulili obufanayo abakha umbhangqwana oshadile abaphikisani endaweni yokuzingela.
Lokhu kubeka ubudlelwano phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane ngaphandle kwezinye izidalwa ezifanayo ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokukhwelana. Isimo senhlalo sikhonjiswa emaqenjini angazinzile endaweni ejwayelekile yokuhlala. Kepha umuntu ngamunye unamakamelo akhe angaphansi komhlaba okuphumula.
Isikhathi sokukhwelana senzeka kanye ngonyaka entwasahlobo. Uma indawo yokuhlala isenyakatho, kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuJuni, uma iseningizimu - kusuka ngoMashi kuya ku-Ephreli. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-45. Ngokuvamile kukhona amawundlu amancane ayi-3-4 kudoti owodwa, kepha kunezinkanyezi ezifika ku-7.
Izingane zizalwa zinqunu, cishe azikho izinkanyezi emakhaleni azo. Kepha ukukhula okusheshayo kuholela kwinkululeko kungakapheli inyanga. Lokhu kubonakala ekuthuthukiseni izindawo, ukudla kwabantu abadala. Ngezinyanga eziyi-10, amawundlu asekhulile ayavuthwa ngokocansi, kuthi kufika intwasahlobo elandelayo abe esekulungele ukuzikhulisa.
Isikhathi sokuphila kwesilwane, uma singabi yisisulu somzingeli, sifinyelela eminyakeni emi-4. Ekuthunjweni, isikhathi sempilo senyuswa saba yiminyaka eyi-7. Indawo yokuhlala yezilwane incipha kancane kancane, maqondana nalokhu, inani lezilwane ezinezinkanyezi liyancipha. Kepha usongo lokulondolozwa kwezinhlobo alukaze lubonwe, ibhalansi yemvelo igcina lezi zinkanyezi ezihlukile.
