Amadada amancane (i-Aythya affinis) angokomndeni wedada, i-anseriformes oda.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-anglerfish encane.
Idada uhlobo lwaseMelika lwamadada okuntywila. Kusatshalaliswe emahlathini ashubile nasemapaki e-Alaska, Canada nase-United States eNyakatho naseNingizimu Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, empumalanga mpumalanga yeWashington esifundeni seSouthern Oregon nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeCalifornia.
Ebusika, ihlala ezindaweni ezifanele ezifundeni ezisogwini lwePacific, kufaka phakathi iColorado, eningizimu-mpumalanga yeFlorida nasogwini lwe-Atlantic iMassachusetts. Futhi, lolu hlobo lwamadada luvela engxenyeni eseningizimu yamachibi amakhulu nasezindlini zemifula i-Ohio neMississippi. Ubusika obuncane emadolobheni aseMexico naseMelika Ephakathi, e-Antilles naseHawaii. Ngezikhathi ezithile kugcinwa ebusika eNtshonalanga Palaearctic, eGreenland, eBritish Isles, eCanary Islands naseNetherlands.
Lalela izwi likadeveli wasolwandle omncane.
Imikhakha yetartar.
Amadada amancane akhetha amaxhaphozi ukuncela nokuzalisa. Zitholakala unyaka wonke, kungaba unomphela noma ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, emachibini anezimila ezihlumayo zomhlanga kanye namanzi angaphansi kwamanzi - i-pondweed, i-yarrow yasemanzini, i-hornwort. Amadada akhetha imizimba yamanzi enenani elikhulu lama-amphipod kanye nohlaza oluningi kakhulu, olungathintwa lwasemanzini.
Atholakala kuwo womabili amanzi angenasawoti nakumaxhaphozi athe thuthu, okubandakanya amachibi, amachibi, imifula nezindawo ezisogwini. Ngezinga elincane, kukhethwa amadlelo amakhulu nezimila eziseduze nemizimba yamanzi.
Izimpawu zangaphandle ze-Scarlet Encane.
ILucker Duck yidada elisemaphakathi. Abesilisa bakhulu kancane kunabesifazane futhi balinganiselwa ku-40.4 kuye ku-45.1 cm, abesifazane 39.1 kuya ku-43.4 cm Isisindo: 700 kuya ku-1200 g kwabesilisa nokusuka ku-600 kuye ku-1100 g kwabesifazane. Izimpaphe zamadada ziyashintsha unyaka wonke. Iduna ngesikhathi sokukhwelana (kusukela ngo-Agasti kuya kuJuni olandelayo) linomlomo ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ikhanda elimnyama ngokunsomi, isifuba, intamo, umsila. Izinhlangothi nesisu kumhlophe, kanti ngemuva kumhlophe ngezimpawu ezimpunga.
Insikazi inombala onsundu onsundu, inemibala ekhanyayo ezimpapheni, ikhanda libomvu, indawo emhlophe ezansi komlomo ompunga omnyama. Kubo bonke abantu, izimpaphe zesibili eziyinhloko zimhlophe emaphethelweni; umugqa omhlophe ugqame onqenqemeni olulandelayo lwendawo ephezulu yephiko. Umbala we-iris uncike ebulilini nobudala. Umbala we-iris yeso emantjwele unombala ompunga, emadada amancane uba luhlaza okotshani, bese kuba phuzi ngokumnyama emadodeni amadala. Umbala we-iris kwabesifazane uhlala ubunsundu.
Amadada amancane kunzima ukuhlukanisa nezinhlobo ezihlobene, ikakhulukazi ukude.
Ukukhiqizwa kwedada elwandle elincane.
Izinyoni zasolwandle ezincane yizinyoni ezizodwa. Ama-pair akha ekupheleni kokufuduka kwentwasahlobo kanti nezinyoni zihlala, bese insikazi ihlala phansi ukuze ifukamele amaqanda.
Inani eliphakeme lokushutheka nokuvuthwa ngoJuni. Insikazi neduna zikhetha indawo enomgodi omncane phakathi kwezimila eziminyene zotshani. Izinyoni zigcwala ngaphakathi ngotshani nezimpaphe, zinikeze isidleke isimo esiyindilinga.
Insikazi izalela amaqanda aluhlaza okotshani ayisithupha kuya kwayi-14.
Imvamisa iqanda eli-1 ngosuku bese liqala ukuqandula usuku noma ezimbili ngaphambi kokubekwa kweqanda lokugcina. Amanye amadada azalela amaqanda ezidlekeni zezinye izinsikazi. Ukuxhuma okukhulu kuyisici sabantu baseningizimu; ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, amadada abekela amaqanda ambalwa. Owesilisa ushiya insikazi futhi ugcine ngokwehlukana sonke isikhathi sokufukamela ngoJuni, cishe izinsuku ezingama-21 - 27. Yinsikazi kuphela efukamela amaqanda futhi inakekele inzalo. Amantshontsho amadada alandela idada elidala futhi azondla ngokwawo, aqale aqoqe ukudla ebusweni bamanzi, bese kuthi ngemuva kwamasonto ama-2 angene emanzini. Insikazi ihola amadada amasonto amabili kuya kwayisihlanu, imvamisa ishiya amantshontsho ngaphambi kokuba amadada amancane aqale ukundiza.
Amadada edada elwandle elincane akhula emaqandeni amakhulu ngenkathi efudumele, ngakho-ke, anezinga eliphakeme lokusinda kunezinye izinhlobo ezihlobene zomndeni wedada. Ezimweni eziningi, ukufa kwamachwane kwenzeka emasontweni ambalwa okuqala ngemuva kokuchamuselwa ngenxa yesidalwa noma i-hypothermia. Kukholakala ukuthi amaphuphu wedada le-tartar avela ekupheleni kwenkathi yokuzalanisa ngenkathi ama-amphipods ebhukuda ngobuningi emizimbeni yamanzi - ukudla okuyinhloko kwala madada. Amadada amancane angandiza izinsuku ezingama-47 - 61 ngemuva kokuvela kwawo. Abesilisa nabesifazane banikela inzalo yabo ngonyaka ozayo, yize kungaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle, ukuzala kungamiswa kwesinye isikhathi.
Isikhathi sokuphila esiqoshwe kakhulu sedada engwe endle yiminyaka eyi-18 nezinyanga ezi-4.
Okukhethekile kokuziphatha kwetartar.
Amadada amancane yizinyoni zomphakathi, ezingenalo ulaka. Ziyakubekezelela ukuba khona kwezinye izinhlobo, ngaphandle kwasekuqaleni kwenkathi yokuzalisana, lapho abesilisa bevikela abesifazane babo.
Ebusika, amadada akha imihlambi emikhulu efudukayo.
Amabili okuzalanisa awavikele indawo yawo, kunalokho anezindawo ezincane ezivame ukushintsha usayizi kuyo yonke inkathi yokuzalanisa. Indawo yale ndawo isukela kumahektha angama-26 kuye kwangama-166. Ebusika, amadada amancane azulazula ezindaweni ezinezimo ezinhle. Ngemuva kobusika, abesifazane babuyela ezindaweni zabo zomdabu eminyakeni elandelayo; abesilisa abakwenzi njalo lokhu.
Ukondliwa kwe-tartar.
Amadada amancane, amadada amadala namancane adla izinambuzane, ama-crustaceans nama-molluscs. Ngezinye izikhathi badla nembewu yezitshalo zasemanzini ezinjengezimbali zamanzi namaphilisi amaqanda.
Izinyoni zidla emanzini angajulile, zitshuza emanzini avulekile.
Zitshuza zibheke engela bese zivela ebusweni ngamamitha ambalwa ukusuka lapho zitshuzele khona. Isikhathi esiningi, amadada amancane adla inyamazane yawo ngaphansi kwamanzi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ayidonsela ogwini ukuze asuse izingxenye ezingadleki. Ukudla kuzohluka ngokuya ngokutholakala kokudla kwesizini nendawo okuhlala kuyo. Ama-amphipods e-Lacustrine, i-chironomids kanye nezinyosi (i-Hirudinea) akha ingxenye ebalulekile yokondla. Imollusk nembewu yezitshalo zigcwalisa isabelo sokudla; uma kunesidingo, amadada adla izinhlanzi, i-caviar namaqanda ngezinye izikhathi zonyaka. Ukondla imbewu kutholakala ekwindla.
Isimo sokulondolozwa kwetartar.
Amadada amancane athathwa njenge-IUCN ngobuningi bawo futhi awasongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Ubuningi obuphakeme nobubanzi bezwe obubanzi bubonisa isimo esizinzile sezinhlobo. Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokudilika eNyakatho Melika. Kodwa-ke, kuyehla ukwehla kwenani labantu ezifundeni. Abanye abantu bahlala endaweni eyehlisa isithunzi, ngokucekelwa phansi kwamaxhaphozi nokwanda kokungcola. Izinga eliphakeme le-selenium litholakele esibindini sedada lengwe esifundeni seGreat Lakes, kepha bekungekho zimpawu zokuthi ubuthi bezinyoni kwezinye izifunda. Ucwaningo lwamadada abekela amaqanda eNyakatho Melika lukhombisile ukuthi ukushoda kokudla okunomsoco kanye nengcindezi kuholela ekwehliseni ukusebenza kokuzala futhi kuthinte ukuzala kwamadada eNyakatho Melika.
