Scat motor - izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu, ingxenye yomndeni we-stingray river. Igama laso elejwayelekile li-ocingated stingray. Ukuhlala emifuleni yaseNingizimu Melika: i-Amazon, iParana, i-Orinoco nemifula yabo. Kuyinto yokudoba okulinganiselwe futhi inentshisekelo kuma-aquarists.
Incazelo nezici
Ubude bethambeka elihlanganisiwe alidluli ku-1 m. Idiski, elenziwe kusukela emaphikweni e-pectoral, cishe liyindilinga, ububanzi balo bufinyelela ku-0.5 m. Okuwukuphela kwento okungajwayelekile ngamehlo aphakanyiswe ngenhla ngemuva, ngemuva kwawo kunesikwele - izimbobo zokudonsela amanzi ezinsikeni.
Ingxenye ephezulu yediski inemibala ngemibala ensundu nempunga. Amabala amaningi aphuzi-olintshi azungezwe amasongo amnyama ahlakazekile emuva kwe-monochromatic. Umbala, indawo kanye nosayizi wamabala kungamuntu ngamunye, kwehlukile kwezinhlanzi kuya kwezinhlanzi, ithoni ejwayelekile incike kumbala wenhlabathi, ezinye izici zendawo lapho kuhlala khona labantu.
Ngaphezu kohlelo lwendabuko lombala onsundu onsundu, skat motoro isithombe imvamisa ifakwa ngombala o-orenji okhanyayo, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, wemabula. Manje kunemibala engenzeki kwimvelo. Zitholakala njengomphumela wokuhlolwa kokukhetha.
Ingxenye engezansi yomzimba yomzimba ilula, icishe ibe mhlophe. Phezu kwayo kunomlomo ohlome ngamazinyo amaningi amancane, amakhala kanye nemisipha ye-gill. Azikho izimpiko ngemuva nasemsileni.
Umsila we-motoro mfushane futhi mkhulu kakhulu kunamanye ama-stingray. Ameva anobuthi atholakala engxenyeni yawo engenhla. Njalo ngonyaka, kwesinye isikhathi kaningi, iyaphuka futhi entsha iqala ukukhula endaweni yayo.
Empandeni yameva kunezindlala ezikhiqiza ubuthi. Eduze kwameva kunemihosha okusakazeka ngayo ubuthi. Ameva awahlali elungele ukuthatha isinyathelo. Imvamisa, ifihlwa kunothi yomsila.
I-dimorphism yezocansi itholakala kuphela uma ibukwa ngezansi. Eduze kwamaphiko endunu kwabesilisa kukhona ukuphuma, izitho zangasese, okufakwa ngazo insikazi. Kuma-stingray ama-juvenile, lezi zitho zincane kodwa zihlukile.
Izinhlobo
Lezi zinhlobo ekuqaleni zazichazwa kusuka kuzinhlobo eziqoqwe yisazi semvelo sase-Austrian uJohannes Natterer phakathi konyaka we-1828 nowe-1829 emfuleni iCuiaba, esigodini esiphezulu seParana-Paraguay, nasemfuleni iGuaporé, okuyinhla engenhla yoMfula iMadeira e-Amazon.
Ngokulandelayo, izazi zezinto eziphilayo ziye zachaza kaningi imisebe yamanzi angenasawoti, eyathola amagama ahlukahlukene ohlelo. Bonke baphenduka ama-stingray angama-ocellated. Lezi zinhlobo zahlala zodwa, ngaphandle kwama-subspecies, kepha zathola amagama afanayo ambalwa:
- UTaeniura motoro, usuku lokungena ku-biological classifier 1841
- I-Trygon garrapa - 1843
- I-Trygon mulleri - 1855
- I-Potamotrygon circularis - ngo-1913
- I-Potamotrygon laticeps - 1913
- I-Paratrygon laticeps - 1913
- IPotamotrygon pauckei - ngo-1963
- I-Potamotrygon alba - ngo-1963
- Potamotrygon labradori - 1963
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
I-stingray yomfula ejwayelekile kakhulu ehlala emgodini wemifula eminingana, ehlala kuma-biotopes amaningi yi scat motor. Leopoldi (I-Potamotrygon leopoldi), uhlobo oluhlobene lwe-stingray, lukhona. Uhlala emfuleni iXingu kuphela. Ososayensi abakasitholi isizathu sokwanda kwendawo noma ukungabikho kwayo ezinhlanzini ezihlobene nendlela yokuphila efanayo.
I-stingray e-ocellated ithanda izindunduma zesihlabathi, amanzi angajulile, ukuhlangana kwemifula. Ezindaweni ezinjalo, i-substrate ikhuthaza impilo eyimfihlo kanye nokufuna ukudla. Ngesikhathi sezikhukhula zonyaka, i-stingray ingena ezindaweni ezigcwele amahlathi. Ngemuva kokuhlehla kwamanzi ezikhukhula, iba yodwa emadamini amakhulu futhi yakha amachibi.
Ukugcina i-stingray motor ekhaya yaba yinto yokuzilibazisa ethandwayo. Ama-aquariums abe yindawo yokuhlala ephoqelelwe. Imisebe yamanzi ahlanzekile ibhekane nendima yezilwane ezifuywayo ngempumelelo. Mhlawumbe isikole sokuhlala isikhathi eside emanzini ahlanganisiwe sisizile.
Kudingeka i-aquarium enkulu ukugcina i-motoro stingray ekhaya.
Ukudla okunomsoco
IStingray motoro esidla inyama. Ingxenye eyinhloko yokudla kwabo ama-invertebrates, kufaka phakathi izibungu nama-crustaceans. Izinhlanzi ezinganaki nazo ziwela ogibeni lwe-stingray. Ama-stingray angama-ocellated ayizinhlanzi ezisebenzayo. Banesilinganiso esiphakeme semethabolic. Ngakho-ke, banikela ngesikhathi sabo esiningi ukuthola ukudla.
Ngo-2016, iProceedings of the Royal Society, engomunye wamajenali ahamba phambili esayensi yaseBrithani, ishicilele imiphumela yocwaningo. Izazi zezinto eziphilayo zithole amagobolondo ezinambuzane ezinomhlabathi esiswini semisebe. Ama-stingray afakwa kuma-aquariums futhi aphakelwa ukudla okuthambile nama-molluscs kumagobolondo e-chitinous.
Le nqubo yayiqashwe kusetshenziswa amakhamera evidiyo. Kwavela ukuthi ama-stingray angama-ocellated enza ukunyakaza okuhlafunwayo: bahambisa ukudla ngegobolondo elinzima kusuka ekhoneni lomlomo kuya kwelinye, beqeda ukubhalwa kanzima ngamazinyo abo. Ngenkathi ukudla okuthambile kugwinywa yi-stingray ngokushesha. IMotoro kwakuwukuphela kwenhlanzi eyayikwazi ukuhlafuna.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Okuqukethwe kwe-stingray motor kuma-aquariums kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukubona inqubo yokuzalanisa kwalezi zinhlanzi eziyingqayizivele. Bakhula beneminyaka engama-3-4, lapho ububanzi be-disc busondela ku-40 cm.
Ama-stingray akhetha kakhulu ngomlingani wabo wesikhathi esizayo, ngakho-ke imibhangqwana engazizwa "ukuzwelana" kokunye ayihlanganisi. Ngemuva kokuqhutshwa, ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu, ama-stingray angama-fry angavela.
I-ocellated stingray - inhlanzi ethwele, inzalo yayo esibelethweni, okungukuthi, i-viviparous. Imibungu ixhunywe kunina ngemicu engenalutho lapho ukudla kugeleza khona - i-histotroph. Njengawo wonke amafry, imibungu ye-stingray inezikhwama ze-yolk. Okuqukethwe okusekela amandla abo ngemuva kokuzalwa.
Awekho ama-fry angaphezu kwama-8 azalwa kudoti owodwa. Lezi izinhlanzi, idiski engaba ngu-10 cm ububanzi. Izinhlanzi zivumelane ngokuphelele nempilo. Ngemuva kokudla izinsalela zokuqukethwe kwesikhwama se-yolk, baqala ukufuna nokudla ukudla. Ama-stingray angama-gazinga awakhuli ngokushesha: azoba ngabantu abadala kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka engu-3-4. Kuze kube yiminyaka engu-15, bazozama ukukhiqiza uhlobo lwabo.
Intengo
Izinhlanzi ezingaziwa zaseNingizimu Melika zivela njalo ezitolo zezilwane nasezimakethe zezinkukhu. Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi intengo motor stingray okubalulekile, inhlanzi iyadingeka. Bacela ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-5-8, kuye ngeminyaka (usayizi).
Ngaphezu kokuhlobisa, i-stingray ene-ocellated inenye impahla yabathengi: inyama yayo yaziswa kakhulu ngokunambitheka kwayo. Abomdabu babamba imisebe yomfula ngomkhonto bese bedoba ngohlobo lwe-hook tackle.
Ukuzalela ama-stingray e-aquarium, kufanele ukhethe owesifazane omkhulu kunowesilisa ngosayizi
Izitsha zezinhlanzi ezivela ezilwaneni zomfula zivamile ezindaweni zokudlela zaseBrazil. Izakhamizi zezwekazi lase-Eurasia kuze kube manje seziyeneliseka ngokudla okuvela kuma-stingray asemakhazeni, afriziwe nasemathinini. Ama-stalkers omfula, kufaka phakathi i-motoros, azovela kungekudala noma kamuva kwimenyu yezindawo zokudlela kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezitolo zezinhlanzi.
Ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa
IMotoro stingray ku-aquarium Akuvamile. Le nhlanzi enhle inesici esisodwa esingafanele sikhohlwe - ameva anobuthi. Inhlanzi ayinalo ulaka. Usebenzisa isikhali sakhe ukuvikela kuphela. I-spike ebukhali, enesigaxa ekwazi ukubhoboza igilavu evikelayo.
Phezulu kwameva kunongqimba lwesikhumba olumboze ama-groove agcwele ubuthi. Ngomthelela, ubuthi buyakhishwa bungene enxebeni eliphumela. Ubuthi be-Stingray buyingozi eyinkimbinkimbi ehlasela isistimu yezinzwa futhi iphazamise isigqi senhliziyo.
Ukufa okuvela emgodini we-stingray ocellated ngeke kwenzeke, kepha ukuzwa okubuhlungu kuqinisekisiwe. Ukulwa nemiphumela yomjovo, isilonda siyagezwa, sibulawe amagciwane, ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukuxhumana nesikhungo sezokwelapha.
Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani i-skat motoro? ku-aquarium yasekhaya kuya ngezimo zokugcinwa kwayo. I-aquarium ebanzi iyadingeka ukuze ibe khona ngokunethezeka. Isifanekiso esisodwa esincane singangena ngendawo yokuhlala engamalitha angama-300. Ezinhlanzini ezimbili noma ezintathu ezineminyaka ephakathi nendawo, okungenani kudingeka amalitha angama-700.
Ama-stingray enza inqwaba yemfucuza. Uhlelo lokuhlanza olunamandla luyimfuneko yokugcina izinhlanzi. Ukushisa kugcinwa ku-25-30 ° C, ubunzima bamanzi - kufika ku-15 ° dGh, pH - cishe i-7 pH.
Amanzi avuselelwa njalo nge-1/3. Isihlabathi esijiyile noma amatshe amancane amancane ayindilinga asetshenziswa njenge-substrate. I-aquarium akufanele ibe nezinto zokuhlobisa ezinama-protrusions abukhali.
Ama-strayray anikezwa ama-2-3 izikhathi ngosuku. Ama-stingray ayizilwane ngakho-ke, ukondla kanjani i-stingray motoro akukho mibuzo ephakamayo: izinhlanzi zisebenzisa kuphela ukudla kwamaprotheni. Kungaba izikelemu ezibukhoma, imisundu yegazi noma i-tubifex, izingcezu zezinhlanzi, izimbaza, imfanzi kufanelekile, ukudla kwasolwandle okugayiwe kudliwa ngenjabulo. Ukudla okomile kungathengwa ngama-stingray. Le inketho elula kunazo zonke yokuqinisekisa ukudla okunomsoco.
Ama-stingray asheshe ajwayele uhlobo olulodwa lokudla. Uma ubuthandile umbandamu wegazi kanye ne-tubifex, awukwazi ukuphoqa i-stingray enesibindi ukuba idle, isibonelo, inhlanzi egayiwe noma ukudla okomile. Ama-Aquarists athole indlela yokuxazulula le nkinga.
I-stingray idliswa kakhulu ngokudla okuthandayo. Izinga lokugcwaliswa kokudla kunqunywa ubukhulu bomsila esisekelweni. I-stingray edliwe idluliselwa ekudleni kwendlala. Uhlobo olusha lokuphakelayo lunikezwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. I-stingray e-ocellated iphoqelekile ukuthi ivumelane noshintsho ekudleni.
Lapho kugcinwa imisebe eminingana, ama-aquarists asebenzisa imikhuba yezinhlanzi ezidlayo ukwethula uhlobo olusha lokudla. Ukudla kunikezwa omunye wemisebe. Uqala ukutadisha intsha. Kuhlala kunomuntu othungathekisayo obamba ukudla.
Ku-aquarium efanayo ene-stingray, izinhlanzi ezinkulu ezingenalo ulaka zingagcinwa: i-discus, i-mileus, ama-tiger perches nabanye. Noma yikuphi ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlanzi kungenzeka, inqobo nje uma izidingo zamanzi zifana.
Kufanele kube nekheji eduze kwe-aquarium equkethe imisebe yabantu abadala. Ama-stingray ngokuvamile anezinkinga zokubhangqa. Izinhlanzi ezingakutholanga ukuzwana zingalimazana. Kulokhu, umuntu othinteke kakhulu ufakwa.
Ukuzala
Ukuzalela stingray motor - inqubo edinga ukubekezela. Ukuba khona kowesilisa nowesifazane akuqinisekisi inzalo. Inkinga ukuthi abesifazane bangagcina abesilisa abanga "thandi". Izizathu zokungabikho noma ukutholakala kokuphindana kulezi zinhlanzi azicaci.
Abafuyi be-stingray abasebenza ngobuchwepheshe badedela ama-stingray amaningi ku-aquarium eyodwa enkulu. Bese kubonakala ukwakheka kwamabili. Kepha le ndlela idla isikhathi futhi ayifanele abasebenzisi abajwayelekile.
Indlela efinyeleleka kalula ukufaka owesilisa kowesifazane. Uma laba bobabili bengahlanganisi, lokhu kubonakala ngokuziphatha kwenhlanzi, owesilisa uyasuswa. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile (izinsuku ezingu-5-10), inqubo iyaphindwa. Le ndlela ivame ukuletha impumelelo.
