Incazelo nezici
Into yokuqala okufanele ishiwo lapho kuxoxwa ama-gastropods ekilasi, ngakho-ke lokhu ukwehluka kwabo. Kuningi kakhulu kangangokuba lezi zingenamgogodla zihlala emanzini anosawoti olwandle, zikhethe ukujula okuqinile namanzi angajulile, nasemifuleni emisha, emachibini, nasemhlabeni, futhi azitholakali kuphela emahlathini aluhlaza, kepha nasezinkangala amadwala.
Ziqhayise ama-gastropods ikani nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Azihlali isikhathi eside: kusuka ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kuya eminyakeni emithathu.
Lezi zidalwa zithandana ngobuhlanya nendawo enomswakama, futhi nomoya kufanele futhi uhlanjululwe. Izindawo ezizithandayo zalezi zidalwa amahlathi aminyene otshani.
Uma sicabanga ngommeleli ojwayelekile wekilasi, khona-ke lo mnenke onawo: umzimba (obanzi ngaphambili futhi uthinta ngaphesheya okuphikisanayo, engxenyeni engenhla kukhona ukukhula ngesimo se-hump), ikhanda (kuwo izintambo namehlo) nomlenze (obukhulu, uphela ngokunwetshwa, kufana nonyawo).
Konke lokhu kumbozwe yigobolondo. Futhi ngokwesibonelo, empilweni yasolwandle, le ngxenye inosayizi onesizotha kakhulu.
Uma kungekho lutho olusongela isilwane, sibeka umzimba egobolondweni laso kuphela. Omunye umehluko ovela kwamanye ama-molluscs ukulahleka kokulinganisa kwamazwe amabili.
Labo. uma ezinye izilwane zinamapheya amabili wezinso, ama-gill, njll ukwakheka kwama-gastropods lokhu akusho ukuthi, izitho zabo ziyakwazi ukusebenza ngaphandle "komlingani". Izilwane ezingenamgogodla azinakho ukuzwa nezwi; umuzwa wokuthinta nephunga kubasiza ekuhambeni.
Isakhiwo
Ake siqale ngekhanda. Amehlo omnenke ahlala ekhanda uqobo noma emaphethelweni "ezimpondo". Iphendukela ngaphandle uma kunesidingo.
Umzimba wemollusk uyisigaxa esihlanganisiwe, engxenyeni engenhla lapho kukhula khona ukukhula okusontekile ngokomoya. Izici zesakhiwo somlenze zisiza ukugcina ibhalansi.
Lapho ukudla sekutholakele, kungena esiswini nasemathunjini. Kungaba zimbili zazo (uma sikhuluma ngezinto ezilula kakhulu eziphilayo), noma eyodwa.
Ingubo itholakala phezu komzimba wama-gastropods. Ezinye zazo zinezimbili, kepha ikakhulukazi ezingenamgogodla zinama-gill (angatholwa ngaphambili komzimba noma ngemuva).
Lapho isilwane esinjalo sesaba futhi sidonselwa egobolondweni, umlomo waso uvaleka ngophephu omncane. Uma phambi kwakho kukhona isidalwa sasemhlabeni, noma kushintsha indawo yaso ngezikhathi ezithile, lapho-ke ukuphefumula uhlelo lwe-gastropod emelwe iphaphu elilodwa. Kulokhu, lapho imollusk icasha egobolondweni, umlomo wayo uhlala uvulekile.
Kukhona labo abahlala emhlabathini, ngenkathi begcina amanzi emgodini wejazi futhi basebenzise imiphunga yokuphefumula. Ngendlela, engenambala.
Kusuka kwizindlala lapho ingubo isatshalaliswa khona, kukhishwa into ethile, lapho kukhula khona igobolondo lezilwane. Inamathele emzimbeni ngemisipha enamandla kakhulu, evumela ukuthi imollusk idonswe uma kwenzeka okuthile.
Ingaphezulu le-carapace yingxenye yalo endala. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isilwane asidli kakhulu lapho kubanda, futhi asinazo izinto ezanele emzimbeni ukuqinisekisa ukwanda ngosayizi "wekhaya" laso.
Ebusweni bayo, imigqa yonyaka iyabonakala, lapho kungabonakala khona ubudala be-mollusk. Kwesinye isikhathi igobolondo le-mollusk liphenduka libe umbhede wangempela ongaphansi kwamanzi, uma umuntu engahambisani kakhulu, umane ugcwele ulwelwe.
Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu kudlala ezandleni ezingenamgogodla, ngoba izitshalo zenza lula ukugeleza komoya-mpilo omningi emzimbeni wayo. Laba kaningi yilabo abafunde ukubhukuda kunqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ngokwesibonelo, abanamaphiko, noma labo abagobhoza emhlabathini.
Qaphela ukuthi isimiso sezinzwa se-gastropods, njengaso sonke isakhiwo, sincike kakhulu ku-torsion. Futhi ukuzwela kuthuthukiswa ngaphezu kobuso bonke besikhumba.
Futhi manje mayelana nokuzala, kwenzeka kuma-invertebrate kuphela ngokocansi. Uma sikhuluma ngokwedlule, ngakho-ke, ngokusho kokubona kososayensi abaningi, ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, ukukhulelwa kwabantu bobabili kwenzeka.
Ngemuva kokuthi amangqamuzana ocansi owesilisa esengene ekuvuleni kowesifazane, impilo entsha ingahle ivele ngokushesha. Owesifazane uyakwazi ukuhlehlisa inqubo yokukhulelwa ngokugcina isidoda ngaphakathi kuye.
Uma lokhu kwenzeka, izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla zizalela amaqanda, lapho sekuvele khona iminenke emincane, noma izibungu. Ukunemba, umnenke awubekeli amaqanda bese uwashiya ngaphakathi emzimbeni aze achamusele.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Cabanga ngalokhu ukudla kwama-gastropods... I-grater ibasiza futhi ukuthi bathole ukudla.
Ngakho-ke bakubiza ngokuthile okufana nolimi, okusakazeke ngamazinyo amancane anezinwele. Kwenzeka into efanayo lapho umnenke ushibilika phezu kwamatshe acwile, kuphela lapho ususa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamagciwane anamathele ematsheni.
Izidlakudla zinesakhiwo esithile se-radula (i-grater): amanye amazinyo aphuma emlonyeni, ayakwazi, njengama-spikes, ukunamathela emzimbeni wesisulu, ngemuva kwalokho ajove ubuthi. Kusebenza uhlelo olufanayo, ngokwesibonelo, lapho ama-bivalve akubo eba ukudla kwama-gastropods.
Okokuqala, umhlaseli wenza umgodi kuma-valve abo, ngoba lokhu usebenzisa amathe, kepha hhayi ajwayelekile, kepha aqukethe i-sulfuric acid. Izimila ezidla utshani zimane zilume ulwelwe nezitshalo ezibolile. Lokhu, ngendlela, kubalulekile indima yama-gastropods ku-ecosystem.
Izinhlobo
Ukucabangela izinhlobo zama-gastropods, kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi zihlukaniswe zaba iziqeshana ezintathu:
- I-Prosobranchial
Iqembu eliningi kakhulu, elinamagobolondo akhule kahle, ngokuvamile amise okomoya. Ngezansi sizokhuluma ngabanye babamele isigaba esingaphansi:
- Abalone
Imollusk yaqanjwa ngegama lesimo sayo, igobolondo layo lifana kakhulu nendlebe yomuntu yangempela. Futhi ngaphakathi imbozwe ungqimba lwe-iridescent lukamama-we-pearl.
Lesi sici siguqule isidalwa sasolwandle saba yinto yobuciko, ngoba senza izikhumbuzo ezithandwayo. Kuyaqabukela, kepha nokho, amaparele angavamile kakhulu futhi amahle atholakala kumagobolondo ezinto ezinamaseli amaningi; anombala wothingo, onombala oluhlaza nonsomi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlebe idliwa ngenkuthalo, njengazo zonke izibiliboco, kubiza imali eningi. Lo mndeni uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaba yishumi nesikhombisa zabantu abahlukene.
Uncamela amanzi asolwandle afudumele, futhi uhlala lapho. Ukuze bahlale endaweni efanele, basebenzisa umlenze wabo onamandla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubopha okunjalo kunamandla amakhulu kangangokuba abavukuzi be-gourmet kufanele basebenzise ummese ukudwengula i-mollusc kusuka phansi. Amagill angenamgogodla atholakala emgodini wengubo.
Amanzi angena lapho anikeza umoya-mpilo, bese ephuma ngezimbobo ezisakazeke onqenqemeni lukasinki. Ziba matasa kusihlwa nasebusuku. Ukufakelwa kuzo kwenzeka ngaphandle komzimba womuntu, isb. amaseli okuzala abesifazane nowesilisa atholakala kukholamu lamanzi.
- Icilongo
Inegobolondo elinophephela emhlane neliluleke kancane. Uma icilongo lihamba nje, linqoba imizwa eyishumi kuphela yendlela ngomzuzu, kepha uma lifuna ukudla, lingaliphinda kabili ijubane lalo.
Amasentimitha ayi-15 - lokhu ukuphakama okujwayelekile "kwendlu" yomnenke. Amacilongo amaningi adliwa e-Asia.
Kodwa-ke, uma sikhuluma ngecilongo elikhulu, khona-ke le mollusk ithathwa njengeyona inkulu kunazo zonke eziphila olwandle. Isitho esifanayo senzelwe ukuthinta.
Amacilongo adliwa yi-starfish, inhlanzi, izinkalankala ngisho nama-walrus. Phakathi kwezintandokazi zakhe kukhona ama-bivalve.
Isibonelo, nenyama yemisipha yonke, lo mnenke uqonde phakathi kwamahora ambalwa. Uma kunesidingo, khipha umphimbo bese ugaya ukudla ngaphambi kokuthi kungene egothini.
Laba bantu bane-dioecious. Umnenke omncane udinga ukubhoboza izindonga ze-capsule.
- Rapana
Phambilini zazitholakala oLwandle lwaseJapan kuphela, kepha manje le minenke ikuyo yonke indawo, ikakhulukazi oLwandle Olumnyama. Zivame ukulala ubusuku bonke, zingcwatshwe esihlabathini.
Igobolondo labo licaciswe njengoba limbozwe ukuqagela okuningana, okufana nezinsipho. Lokhu kuyenza ihehe kakhulu kubantu, ngoba igobolondo livame ukuthengiswa njengezikhumbuzo.
- Uphondo lwenewt (charonium)
I-gastropod enkulu, ukuphakama kwegobolondo eliyindilinga elifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-50. Igobolondo eliphuzi limbozwe ngamabala ansundu.
Ungahlangana nemollusk ezilwandle ezishisayo. Amanzi ajulile awamfanele, kepha ama-coral reef ayindawo ayithandayo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, izinkanyezi zimane zibhubhise ama-coral amahle kakhulu, zidle konke okusendleleni yazo.
- UMarisa
Kubukeka njengomnenke wakudala onamagobolondo e-beige amise okwevili ngemithambo emnyama. Umzimba ongenamgogodla nawo ulula, umhlophe, noma uphuzi.
Iminenke ayikhethi ngokweqile ngokudla: ulwelwe, ukubola, i-alien caviar kanye nesidumbu kusetshenziselwa ukudla. Okwa "amantombazane" kunsundu emnyama, futhi "kwabafana" kuyi-beige elula.
Ukuze yenze i-clutch, imollusk ithola iqabunga elifanele lesitshalo esithile bese ibeka amaqanda ngaphansi kwaso. Endala, lapho isicabalele ngokwengeziwe iba mpo igobolondo le-gastropod.
- Othile bukhoma (idlelo)
Lezi zidalwa zamanzi angenasawoti zidinga amanzi abandayo nosilika ezansi nomzimba wamanzi, kungaba yisiziba, ixhaphozi noma umfula. Ama-invertebrates aphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-6.
Insikazi ithwala amawundlu angamashumi amathathu nambili ngasikhathi sinye, akuwona amaqanda aphuma emzimbeni wayo, kepha iminenke egcwele. igobolondo lokuvikela elinyamalala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- UMurex
Amagobolondo ayinkimbinkimbi ala ma-molluscs awagcini nje ngokuba nezinduna, imicu kanye nokugqama, kepha futhi anombala othakazelisayo, ovame ukuba mhlophe ngomlotha onolayini abomvana. Lezi zingenamgogodla zihlala olwandle emhlabeni wonke.
Futhi uma manje zimbiwa kuphela ngenhloso yokuhlobisa izindawo zokuhlala, kepha ezinsukwini zakudala le minenke yacekelwa phansi yizigidi ngenhloso eyodwa eyodwa - ukuthola nsomi. Basebenzise upende ukwenza izingubo zezicukuthwane, izithombe zokupenda nanjengoyinki.
- UTilomelania
Lo mnenke okhanyayo ophuzi unogobolondo ocishe ube mnyama, ovulekile, omile okwevayo. Lo mhlali echibini uyisidlakudla.
Kushiwo uhlobo lwe-viviparous. Uma kukhona ama-gastropods emvelweni, khona-ke iphila kuze kube yiminyaka emi-5, kepha uma uyifaka ku-aquarium, isikhathi sayo sokuphila singaphindeka kabili.
- Amaphaphu
Lezi zidalwa zinamanzi ahlanzekile agcwele amanzi, kepha zivame ukutholakala emhlabeni. Uma isilwane sihlala emanzini amasha - ibhangqa elilodwa.
Isici sabo esikhulu esihlukanisayo ukuthi umphetho wamahhala wengubo ohlangothini olungaphambili ukhula ndawonye nomzimba womuntu ngamunye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izakhamuzi zasemanzini kufanele zivele ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze zingene emoyeni.
Onke ama-molluscs wamaphaphu angama-hermaphrodites.
- Ama-Achatinids
I-Giant Achatina ngumnenke omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni. Imollusk idla yonke imifino - kokubili utshani nezithelo ezahlukahlukene.
Lo mnenke awudingi umaqondana ukukhiqiza inzalo. Lolu hlelo lusebenza kuphela kulabo abalinganayo.
Uma abantu bengosayizi abahlukene, khona-ke lowo omkhulu kungenzeka abe ngumama. AmaMolluscs angakhula ngokocansi ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.
Lezi zinhlobo zeminenke zithandwa njengesilwane esifuywayo.
- Iminenke echibini
Uma uzibheka phezulu. Ngemuva kwalokho uyabona ukuthi ngakolunye uhlangothi igobolondo, okuyisigaxa esisontekile, liyindilinga, kanti kolunye, lincane futhi libukhali. Iminyaka yabo imfishane - izinyanga eziyi-9 kuphela, yize ekuthunjweni bangaphila iminyaka emibili.
Izintambo ezincane ezingunxantathu ziyabonakala ekhanda elikhulu. Abakwazi ukuziqhayisa ngombala ogqamile, lezi zivame ukuba yi-marsh ne-brown shades.
Ukudla kubandakanya ukudla kwezitshalo, kepha izimpukane noma amaqanda ezinhlanzi ngeke zilahlwe. Ukwenza lokhu, umnenke wechibi uphenduka ubhekise phansi ubheke phansi.
Emini, umnenke wephuli untanta phezulu echibini okungenani ama-6, konke ukuze kudonse umoya emaphashini. Ama-Aquarists awabathandi kakhulu. izinhlobo zama-gastropods, konke lokhu kungenxa yokuminza nokuzala.
- I-Postobranchial
Zinomzimba omude, othambile. Lawa ama-gastropods abukeka angajwayelekile kakhulu.
- Glaucus
Ibukeka njengenhlanzi engajwayelekile, ibuye ibizwe ngegama "idrako eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka". Konje, umzimba i-gastropod mollusc inombala ogqamile oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, omuhle kakhulu. Isilwane sincane: kusuka kumasentimitha ambalwa kuya kwemihlanu.
I-Glaucus inobuthi kakhulu, iyingozi hhayi kulabo abafuna ukuyidla kuphela, kepha nakwabahlukunyezwayo. Ngendlela, lesi sidalwa esingajwayelekile asisiyo ingozi kubantu.
- I-sea hare (i-aplysia)
Lesi silwane esingajwayelekile asinayo igobolondo, kepha sine-beige eminyene (kwesinye isikhathi iba nsomi, nsundu, isiyingi, noma ichashaza) emzimbeni, ngemuva lapho kudlula khona uhlobo lwe-scallop.
Izimpondo ze-slug zisontekile ngokuthakazelisa, zifana nezindlebe zebunny. Uma kwenzeka imbaza isaba okuthile, ikhipha uyinki onsomi.
- I-sea slug
Ukuthola izakhamzimba. Ngokubukeka, i-slug ifana neqabunga eliluhlaza lesihlahla, okuyinto, ngaphezu kwalokho, enekhanda lomnenke.
Inani
Ngaphandle kwama-gastropods, kuzoba khona ukungcola kwangempela emadamini. qaphelani, lokho ukubaluleka kwama-gastropods kuhle. Isibonelo, ama-slugs abhubhisa izitshalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zidalwa zithatha indawo yazo ochungechungeni lokudla, ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi nemikhomo azikwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagobolondo enza ubuciko nobuhle obuhle.
