Inyoni enkulu, enhle edla inyama, ehamba amahora amaningi esibhakabhakeni phezu kwamadlelo namasimu, ifika entwasahlobo futhi indizela ebusika, lokhu - ukhozi olunamabala... Abaningi kungenzeka babone emigwaqweni yamadolobha ezokungcebeleka, emasekisini, kumabhayisikobho, izinyoni ezinkulu ezidla inyama, zikhombisa ukuhlakanipha okukhulu, azikho ngaphansi kwezinja ezifanayo ekuhlakanipheni, ukwethembeka kubantu nokubekezela maqondana nokunaka okwengeziwe kubo.
Ngisho nasezithombeni ezithwetshulwe ngamafilimu noma nje emigwaqweni egcwele izivakashi, ungabona ukuthi lezi zinyoni zibukeka zinokuhlakanipha nokuqonda okunjani. Abantu abambalwa bacabanga ukuthi bangama-hawk noma ama-falcons, kepha iningi lalawa isithombe – ukhozi olunamabala.
Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo ukhozi olubonisiwe
Isici salobu buhle obukhuphuka esibhakabhakeni ukwahlukaniswa kwabo kube izinhlobo ezimbili:
- enkulu;
- okuncane.
Umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo usayizi wabazingeli abanezimpaphe kuphela.Ukhozi Olunamabala Amakhulu ifinyelela ephikweni lamaphiko elingu-170-190 cm, linesisindo esisuka ku-2 kuye ku-4 kg, futhi likhula ngobude lifike kuma-65-75 cm. Umbala wezimpaphe uvame ukuba mnyama, unamabhulebhu akhanyayo. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi kunezinyoni ezikhanyayo, okungajwayelekile kakhulu.
Imibala emhlophe, enesihlabathi noma kakhilimu ngombala wezimpaphe, izinkozi ezinkulu ezinamabala kumasiko amaningi zazithathwa njengezingcwele, ziletha intando yonkulunkulu. Ngasekupheleni kweNkathi Ephakathi eYurophu, kwakuthathwa njengokuhlonishwa okukhulu ukuba nenyoni efana nokuthanjiswa, ukuzingela nayo kwakuqinisekisa ukunqoba okuphelele futhi kugcizelela isimo sayo nengcebo yayo.
Esithombeni kunokhozi olukhulu olunamabala
Inkosi yasePrussia, uFrederick, owalwa ngenkuthalo nawo wonke umuntu, kubandakanya neRussia, wayenokhozi olunamabala olunesihlabathi oluncane kanjalo.Ukhozi Olunamabala Amancane ikhophi enkulu, amaphiko ayo lapho ephakama efinyelela ku-100-130 cm, inyoni "encane" enjalo isisindo sisuka kuhafu nohafu kuya kumakhilogremu amabili, kanti ubude bomzimba bufinyelela ku-55-65 cm.
Lezi zinyoni zingabangane abadala beDon Cossacks. Ngisho nasekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, kwakucishe kube nzima ukubheka esibhakabhakeni phezu kukaDon, futhi ungaziboni izinkozi ezinamabala zikhuphuka kuwo. Futhi, lolu hlobo lwezinyoni ezinezimpaphe ezidla inyama luzungeze iVolga, neNeva, nangamahlathi aseduze neMoscow. Cishe ngaphezu kwayo yonke insimu yaseYurophu yaseRussia hhayi kuphela.
Ngokusho kwezincazelo ezingumlando, kwakuyizinkozi ezinamabala amancane ezaziphelezela uVladislav Tepes noMaluta Skuratov. Inyoni efanayo yanikezwa njengesipho ku-Otrepiev edilini lomshado ngemuva komshado wakhe noNkk Mnishek, kodwa u-False Dmitry wayengowokhozi olunamabala amancane noma, noma kunjalo, olukhulu, alwaziwa.
Esithombeni, le nyoni wuKhozi Olunamabala Oluncane
Indawo yokuhlala yalezi zinyoni ezihlakaniphe kakhulu futhi enhle kakhulu ibanzi ngokwanele. Zingatholakala, kusukela eFinland kuze kube sekupheleni koLwandle i-Azov. Izinkozi ezinamachashaza nazo zihlala eChina futhi ngokwengxenye eMongolia.
EMongolia, zithanjisiwe kakhulu futhi zisetshenziselwa ukuzingela nokuvikela ama-yurts ezimpisini. E-China, ukhozi olubonisiwe lungumlingisi ezinganekwaneni eziningi, futhi izinganekwane zithi lezi zinyoni zibamba iqhaza ekuzingeleni izimpungushe ze-werewolf futhi zisize ekuqapheni emibhoshongweni yeGreat Wall yaseChina.
Izinkozi ezinamabala zindiza zize ziye ebusika eNdiya, e-Afrika, emazweni aseMpumalanga Ephakathi - ePakistan, e-Iraq nase-Iran, eningizimu yeNhlonhlo yase-Indochina. Ngaphezu kokufuduka, izinhlobo ezifanayo zalezi zinyoni, eNdiya kukhona uhlobo oluhlukile lwalezi zinyoni - ukhozi olunamabala aseNdiya.
Incane kune "zihlobo" zayo, inemilenze eqinile, umzimba obanzi futhi onesiqu futhi ithanda ukuzingela amaxoxo, izinyoka nezinye izinyoni. Amaphiko angavamile ukweqa ama-90 cm, kanti ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-60. Noma kunjalo, "owaseNdiya" unesisindo esikhulu - kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-3 kg.
Kulula nje ukuthanjiswa futhi, ngokusho kwamanothi aseBrithani afunda ngemvelo nangendlela yokuphila kweNdiya ngesikhathi sekoloni, ngaleso sikhathi kwakungekho noyedwa u-rajah, i-vizier, noma nje umuntu ocebile ezweni owayengenalo ukhozi olunamabala oluthambile oluthatha indawo ye-mongoose ezigodlweni ezicebile. abahlala ikakhulu phakathi kwamaNdiya abaphakathi nendawo kanye nengcebo.
Ekhuluma ngendawo yezinkozi ezinamabala, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi azihlali emaqeleni angenalutho, ngoba zakha izihlahla ezinde. Ngakho-ke, emathafeni kungabonakala kuphela eduze nemifula lapho kunezimo zokufaka izidleke. Ezingxenyeni eziningi ezisenyakatho, izinyoni zikhetha emaphethelweni amahlathi, emingceleni yamadlelo namasimu. Izinkozi ezinamabala nazo azideli ukuzala phezu kwamaxhaphozi.
Kodwa-ke, kunobufakazi obuningi obuvela kubazingeli kanye nabagcini bamageyimu bokuthi ukhozi olubonwayo lungabonakala luhamba ngokukhululeka ezindleleni, kodwa ukuthi buyiqiniso kangakanani lobu bufakazi akwaziwa.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila yokhozi olunamabala
Ukhozi olunamabala – inyoni ezenhlalo nomndeni ngokweqile, ngasikhathi sinye zihlonipheke kakhulu. Umbhangqwana wenziwa impilo yonke, njengesidleke nje. Izinyoni zomndeni zingazakhela ngokwazo, noma zingahlala esidlekeni esingenalutho sonogolantethe abamnyama, oklebe noma ezinye izinyoni ezinkulu. Kunoma ikuphi, unyaka nonyaka bazobuyela kulesi sidleke, basithuthukise njalo, basilungise futhi basivikele.
Ukuze izinyoni ziqale ukuhlela indawo entsha yokwakha izidleke futhi zizakhele ezinye "izindlu", kufanele kwenzeke okuthile okungajwayelekile, isibonelo, isiphepho siyashanela, noma indoda eqoma izingodo ephethe i-chainsaw.
Kwakungukugawulwa kwamahlathi kwabantu, ukubekwa kwemigwaqo, ukunwetshwa kwamadolobha, ukufakwa kwezintambo zikagesi okwadala ukuthi izinyoni zishaye amakhasi Incwadi Ebomvu, futhi ukhozi olunamabala amakhulu yayisengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Izinkozi ezinamachashazi akuzona nje izinyoni ezihlakaniphile, futhi zinobuqili impela, ziyakwazi ukubona izimo ezintsha futhi zivumelane nazo.
Lokhu kufakazelwa iqiniso lokuthi uma kungenzeka kungafuneki ukudla, ngokwesibonelo, lapho isidleke eduze kwekoloni lama-gopher noma ama-voles, ukhozi olunamabala alukhuphukeli ekuphakameni kwalo okujwayelekile kwamamitha ayinkulungwane, kepha luhlasela lusuka endaweni, luqamekele.
Le nyoni inesimo esinokuthula, isimo esizolile, nengqondo ebukhali nenelukuluku lokwazi. Yilezi zimfanelo ezenza ukuqeqeshwa kwalezi zinyoni kwenzeke. MAYELANA ukuthambisa futhi i-callout izinkozi ezinamabala kakhulu wabhala ngentshiseko maphakathi nekhulu le-19 kuma-almanacs ajwayelekile "Imvelo nokuzingela" kanye "nekhalenda lokuzingela".
Futhi, le nqubo, ebizwa ngaleso sikhathi ukuthi yi-callout, manje - ukuqeqeshwa, futhi empeleni ukuqeqesha inyoni yokuzingela, ngokufanisa nenja, ichazwe ngokuningiliziwe encwadini ka S. Levshin ethi "A Book for Hunters", eyashicilelwa ngo-1813 yaphinde yashicilelwa kwaze kwaba ngama-50s esedlule Ikhulu leminyaka, nasemisebenzini kaS. Aksakov, engxenyeni enesihloko esithi - "Hunting with a hawk for quail", eyashicilelwa okokuqala ngo-1886.
Kusukela lapho, akukho okushintshile, ngaphandle kokuthi amaBashkirs namaMongol kuphela asebenzisa lezi zinyoni ukuzingela namuhla. Ngokuqondene nokuthanjiswa kokhozi olunamabala, kunesici esisodwa kuphela kuso.
Umuntu ozoba ngumngane wakhe wesikhathi esizayo kufanele abe yichwane elisencane, elivele likwazi ukundiza lizondle lodwa, kepha alikaze ligibele umhlambi lapho lihlala khona ebusika futhi alinaye umlingani. Kukhona izindaba zokuthi bacosha izinyoni ezilimele, futhi ngemuva kokuthola izinkozi ezinamachashaza azindizelanga ndawo.
Lokhu kungenzeka, kepha kuphela uma izimfanelo zokundiza zingabuyiswanga ngokuphelele, futhi inyoni iyakuzwa, yazi kahle kamhlophe ukuthi emvelweni ayinakuphila noma ngabe ukhozi olunamabala lodwa. Inyoni yomndeni nakanjani izobuyela esidlekeni sayo lapho ithola ithuba lokuqala.
Ukudla kwokhozi olunamabala
Izinkozi ezinamabala ziyizilwane ezidla inyama futhi zingabazingeli, kepha hhayi izikhohlakali. Ngokudla kwabo, bangenza cishe noma yini elingana nosayizi - kusuka ezincelisayo eziphakathi nendawo kuya ezinyonini. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nokhozi olunamabala olambile kakhulu ngeke lukuthinte isidumbu.
Isisekelo sokudla kwezinyoni amagundane, ama-gopher, onogwaja, ama-hares, amaxoxo, izinyoka ezikhasa ukuphuma ukuzotha, nezigwaca. Izinyoni nazo ziyathanda ukuphuza futhi "zichaphaze". Ukhozi olumabala yilona kuphela ukhozi olubonakala lungena buthule emanzini ngezidladla zalo ezinamachaphazelo, ezizingelayo.
Ukudla Kokhozi Olunamabala Amakhulu izingulube zezinkukhu, ama-turkeys nezinkukhu zanda kaningi, kwesinye isikhathi azingeli nje kuphela abahlali basemapulazini, kodwa futhi ne-grouse emnyama. Kodwa-ke, izinkozi ezinamabala ziza emapulazini kuphela uma ukudla "kwemvelo" kungabanele.
Ukuzala kanye nempilo yokhozi olunamabala
Laba bahle bafika esidlekeni ngasekupheleni kukaMashi nasekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, futhi lapha baqala ukulungiswa kwamanje kwesidleke. Kakade ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, amaqanda avela esidlekeni, njengomthetho, eyodwa kuphela.
Kwesinye isikhathi - amabili, kepha lokhu akuvamile, futhi amaqanda amathathu ayinto nje emangalisayo. Amaqanda afukanyelwa insikazi, ngenkathi owesilisa emondla kakhulu, ngakho-ke, uMeyi yisikhathi sokuzingelwa okukhulu kwalezi zinyoni.
Amachwane aphula igobolondo, ngokwesilinganiso, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-40, bese evuka ephikweni ngamasonto angama-7-9, imvamisa emzileni ophakathi naphakathi kuka-Agasti. Izinkozi ezinamabala zifunda ukundiza nokuzingela ngendlela efana naleyo izingane ezihamba ngayo ngebhayisikili, okungukuthi, ngokuwa nangokuphuthelwa. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukubamba nokuthambisa.
Esithombeni kunenjanyana yokhozi enamabala
Kwezinye izindawo zendabuko zokwakha izidleke, amaphuphu awaveli minyaka yonke, ngokwesibonelo, e-Estonia kwakukhona ikhefu leminyaka emithathu ekuzalelweni kwezinkozi ezinamabala. Kwaqala kabusha ngesikhathi sokuhlaliswa kabusha kwama-voles emasimini aseduze nezindawo zokwakha izidleke, okwathi, njengoba kwaqedwa, zabhujiswa ngokuphelele ngabalimi bendawo unyaka ngaphambi kokuba amaphuphu avele.
Ngokuphathelene nesikhathi sokuphila, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle izinkozi ezinamachashaza ziphila iminyaka engama-20-25, kuma-zoo ziphila kuze kufike ku-30.
