Ama-alligator ayinzalo yezakhamizi ezindala kakhulu emhlabeni
Ama-alligator nezingwenya ziyefana kakhulu njengezihlobo ze-oda lama-vertebrate asemanzini. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwengwenya nengulube, bambalwa abazi. Kodwa lezi zinhlobo zezilwane ezihuquzelayo zihlukaniswa njengabameleli abangavamile bezilwane ezihlonishwayo, ezinhlobo yazo enamashumi eminyaka ubudala. Bakwazi ukusinda ngenxa yendawo yabo, esishintshe kancane kusuka ezikhathini zasendulo.
Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo ingwenya
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela zama-alligator: i-American ne-Chinese, ngokusho kwendawo yazo. Abanye baye bahlala endaweni ende engasogwini eGulf of Mexico eduzane no-Atlantic Ocean, kanti abanye bahlala endaweni elinganiselwe kakhulu eMfuleni iYangtze empumalanga yeChina.
I-alligator yaseChina isongelwa ngokuqothulwa endle. Ngaphezu komfula, kutholakala abantu ngabanye emhlabathini wezolimo, bahlala emigodini ejulile nasemachibini.
Ama-alligator agcinwa ezimweni ezikhethekile ezivikelwe ukusindisa lezi zinhlobo, cishe abamele abangama-200 babo abasabalwa eChina. ENyakatho Melika, alukho usongo ezihuquzelayo. Ngaphezu kwezimo zemvelo, bahlala ezindaweni eziningi ezibekiwe. Inani labantu abangaphezu kwesigidi esisodwa alikubangeli ukukhathazeka ngokulondolozwa kohlobo.
Umehluko omkhulu obonakalayo phakathi kwama-alligator nezingwenya usezinhlwini zogebhezi. Isicathulo sehhashi noma ukuma okungaqondakali sinemvelo izingwenyafuthi at izingwenya isifonyo sibukhali, futhi izinyo lesine libheke ngaphandle emihlathini evaliwe. Izingxabano, ubani ingwenya noma ingwenya enkulu, njalo uthathe isinqumo esivuna ingwenya.
I-alligator enkulu kunazo zonke, enesisindo esicishe sibe ithani namamitha angu-5.8 ubude, yayihlala esifundazweni saseMelika iLouisiana. Ezihuquzelayo ezinkulu zanamuhla zifinyelela ku-3-3.5 m, enesisindo esingu-200-220 kg.
Izihlobo zaseShayina zincane kakhulu ngosayizi, imvamisa zikhula zifike ku-1.5-2 m, futhi abantu abanga-3 m ubude bahlala kumlando kuphela. Abesifazane bobabili izinhlobo ze-alligator njalo ambalwa abesilisa. Ngokuvamile osayizi bezingwenya ngaphansi kwezingwenya ezinkulu kakhulu.
Umbala wezinhlobo uncike kumbala wedamu. Uma imvelo igcwele ulwelwe, izilwane zizoba nombala oluhlaza. Izilwane ezinwabuzelayo eziningi zinombala ojulile onsundu, nsundu, zicishe zibe mnyama, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi, kumadamu anokuqukethwe kwe-tannic acid. Isisu sinombala okhilimu omncane.
Amapuleti amathambo avikela i-alligator yaseMelika ngemuva, futhi umhlali waseChina umbozwe ngokuphelele ngayo, kufaka phakathi isisu. Emilenzeni emifushane engaphambili kunezinzwani ezinhlanu ngaphandle kolwelwesi, emilenzeni yangemuva kunezine.
Amehlo ampunga ngezihlangu zamathambo. Amakhala alesi silwane nawo avikelekile ngemigqa ekhethekile yesikhumba ewela phansi futhi engavumeli amanzi adlule uma ingwenya icwiliswa ekujuleni. Kunamazinyo angama-74 kuya kwangama-84 emlonyeni wezilwane ezihuquzelayo, okufakwa amanye amasha ngemuva kokulahleka.
Umsila oqinile futhi oguquguqukayo uhlukanisa izingwenya zombili lezi zinhlobo. Kwakha cishe uhhafu wabo bonke ubude bomzimba. Lokhu, mhlawumbe okuyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokusebenza kwesilwane:
- ilawula ukuhamba emanzini;
- isebenza "njengehalavu" ekwakheni izidleke;
- iyisikhali esinamandla ekulweni nezitha;
- ihlinzeka ngokugcinwa kwamafutha ezinyangeni zasebusika.
Ama-alligator ahlala ikakhulukazi emanzini amasha, ngokungafani nezingwenya, ezikwazi ukuhlunga usawoti emanzini olwandle. Ukuphela kwendawo ehlangene yama-congeners yisifundazwe saseMelika iFlorida. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo sezizinze emifuleni egeleza kancane, emachibini nasemanzini.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila ye-alligator
Ngendlela yokuphila, ama-alligator angabantu abanesizungu. Kepha abameleli abakhulu bezinhlobo kuphela abangathatha futhi bavikele indawo yabo. Banomona ngokungena kusayithi labo futhi babonisa ulaka. Izilwane ezisencane zigcina ngamaqembu amancane.
Izilwane zibhukuda kahle, zilawula umsila wazo njengesigwedlo sokugwedla. Ebusweni bomhlaba, ama-alligator ahamba ngokushesha, agijime ngejubane elifinyelela ku-40 km / h, kodwa amabanga amafushane kuphela. Umsebenzi wezilwane ezihuquzelayo uphezulu phakathi kuka-Ephreli no-Okthoba, ngezikhathi zonyaka ezifudumele.
Nge-snap ebandayo, amalungiselelo aqala ukulala isikhathi eside. Izilwane zimba imigodi ezindaweni ezingasogwini ezinamakamelo okufukamela ubusika. Ukudangala okufika ku-1.5 m no-15-25 m ubude kuvumela izilwane ezinwabuzelayo eziningana ukuba ziphephele ngasikhathi sinye.
Izilwane azikutholi ukudla ebusika. Abanye abantu bavele bacashe odakeni, kodwa bashiye amakhala abo ngaphezu kobuso ukuze kungene umoya-mpilo. Isimo sezulu sasebusika sasebusika asivamile ukuba ngaphansi kuka-10 ° C, kepha nezingqele zeqhwa ziyakubekezelela kahle.
Ngokufika kwentwasahlobo, izilwane ezihuquzelayo zihlala elangeni isikhathi eside, zivusa imizimba yazo. Yize zinesisindo esikhulu somzimba, izilwane ziyashesha ukuzingela. Izisulu zabo ezinkulu zigwinywa ngokushesha, futhi izinhlobo ezinkulu zihudulwa kuqala ngaphansi kwamanzi, bese zidwengulwa zibe yizicucu noma zishiywe ukubola nokubola kwesidumbu.
Ingwenya yaseMelika owaziwa njengomakhi wamachibi amasha. Isilwane simba ichibi endaweni eyixhaphozi, egcwele amanzi futhi ehlala izilwane nezitshalo. Uma umzimba wamanzi womile, ukuntuleka kokudla kungaholela ezimweni zokudla abantu.
Izilwane ezihuquzelayo ziqala ukufuna imithombo emisha yamanzi. Ama-alligator axhumana nomunye ngeqoqo lokumemeza. Lokhu kungaba yizinsongo, izingcingo zokukhwelana, ukubhonga, izexwayiso eziyingozi, ukubizwa kwamathole neminye imisindo.
Lalela ukubhonga kwengwenya
Esithombeni, ingwenya enengane
Ukudla kwe-alligator
Ukudla kwe-alligator kufaka konke ongakuthola. Kepha ngokungafani nengwenya, hhayi kuphela inhlanzi noma inyama eba ukudla, kepha futhi nezithelo namaqabunga ezitshalo. Isilwane sihlanganyela ekuzingeleni, mhlawumbe ebusuku, futhi silala emigodini emini.
Intsha idla iminenke, ama-crustaceans, izinambuzane nezimfudu. Ukukhula ingulube, njengoba ukudla kwengwenya isisulu esikhulu ngesimo senyoni, isilwane esincelisayo. Indlala ingakwenza udle izidumbu.
Ama-alligator awanalo ulaka kubantu, ngaphandle uma ecasula izilwane ezindaweni zawo. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zaseChina zithathwa njengezithule kakhulu, kepha ukuhlaselwa okungajwayelekile kubhaliwe.
Izingwenya, ama-caimans nezingwenya bazingela ngisho nezingulube zasendle, izinkomo, amabhere nezinye izilwane ezinkulu. Ukuze ubhekane nesisulu, kuqala kuminza, bese kuthi imihlathi icindezelwe ezingxenyeni zokugwinya. Bamba isisulu ngamazinyo aso, bazungeza azungeze i-eksisi yaso kuze kube yilapho isidumbu siqhekeka phakathi. Omile kakhulu futhi onolaka ezihlotsheni zawo, yiqiniso, yingwenya.
Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zingalinda ekuzingeleni amahora, futhi lapho kuvela into ephilayo, ukuhlaselwa kuthatha imizuzwana. Umsila uphonswa phambili ukuze ubambe isisulu khona manjalo. Ama-alligator agwinya amagundane, ama-muskrats, i-nutria, amadada, izinja ziphelele. Ungazideleli izinyoka nezibankwa. Amagobolondo aqinile namagobolondo agaywa ngamazinyo, kuthi okusalayo kokudla kuhlanjululwe emanzini, kukhululeke umlomo.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha nempilo ye-alligator
Ubukhulu be-alligator bunquma ukukhula kwayo. Izinhlobo zaseMelika zizala lapho ubude bungaphezu kuka-180 cm, kanti izilwane ezihuquzelayo zaseChina, ezincane ngosayizi, zilungele isikhathi sokukhwelana ngobude obungaphezudlwana nje kwemitha.
Entwasahlobo, insikazi ilungisa isidleke phansi ngotshani namahlumela ahlanganiswe nodaka. Isibalo samaqanda sincike ngosayizi wesilwane, ngokwesilinganiso kusuka ezingcezwini ezingama-55 kuye kwezingama-50. Izidleke zimbozwe ngotshani ngesikhathi sokufukamela.
Kuboniswe isidleke se-alligator
Ubulili bengane ezisanda kuzalwa buxhomeke emazingeni okushisa esidlekeni. Ukushisa okweqile kukhuthaza ukubonakala kwabesilisa, nokupholisa - abesifazane. Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi kuka-32-33 ° C liholela ekuthuthukiseni bobabili ubulili.
Ukufukamela kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-60-70. Ukuncinza kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa kuyisiginali yokumba isidleke. Ngemuva kokuchanyuselwa, insikazi isiza izingane ukuba ziye emanzini. Unyaka wonke, ukunakekelwa kuyaqhubeka kwenzalo, ekhula kancane futhi edinga ukuvikelwa.
Ngeminyaka emibili, ubude bentsha abudluli amasentimitha angama-50-60. Ama-alligator aphila ngokwesilinganiso iminyaka engama-30-35. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi isikhathi sokuhlala kwabo emvelweni singakhuphuka kuze kube sekhulwini.
