Izimfanzi zingama-crustaceans, okungabameleli be-oda le-crapfish ye-decapod. Zisakazeke kuyo yonke imizimba yamanzi olwandle lomhlaba. Ubude bemfanzi endala abudluli ngamasentimitha angama-30 futhi bunesisindo esingu-20 amagremu.
Bangaphezu kuka-2000 abantu abaziwa yisayensi, kubandakanya nalabo abahlala emanzini ahlanzekile. Ukunambitheka kwezimfanzi kuholele ekutheni zibe yinto yokukhiqizwa kwezimboni. Umkhuba wokutshala izimfanzi usabalele emhlabeni namuhla.
Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo imfanzi
Izimfanzi yizilwane ezinesakhiwo esihlukile. Izici zemfanzi zisemzimbeni wazo. Izimfanzi zingenye yama-crustaceans angavamile achitha futhi ashintshe amagobolondo awo.
Izitho zangasese nenhliziyo yakhe kutholakala endaweni yekhanda. Kukhona nezitho zokugaya ukudla nezomchamo. Njengabaningi ama-crustaceans, imfanzi uphefumula ngemithambo.
Imisipha yezimfanzi ivikelwe yigobolondo futhi itholakala eduze kwemilenze yokuhamba. Esimweni esijwayelekile, igazi labo likhanya ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngokushoda komoya-mpilo, liyakhanya.
Imfene bukhoma cishe kuyo yonke imizimba emikhulu yamanzi emhlabeni. Ububanzi bawo bunqunyelwe kuphela ngamanzi anzima ase-Arctic nase-Antarctic. Bazivumelanise nempilo emanzini afudumele nabandayo, usawoti namanzi amasha. Inani elikhulu kakhulu lezinhlobo zemfanzi ligxile ezifundeni ze-equatorial. Uma uqhela enkabazwe, isibalo sabo sincane.
Uhlobo nendlela yokuphila kwezimfanzi
Imfene badlala indima ebalulekile esimisweni semvelo sezilwandle nezilwandle. Bahlanza phansi kwamachibi ezinsalela zeshubhu, izinambuzane zasemanzini nezinhlanzi. Ukudla kwabo kuqukethe izitshalo ezibolayo kanye ne-detritus, okumnyama okumnyama okwenziwe ukubola kwenhlanzi no-algae.
Bahola indlela yokuphila esebenzayo: balima ama-expanses ezansi befuna ukudla, bakhasa phezu kwamaqabunga ezitshalo, bewasusa iminenke. Ukuhamba kwemfucuza emanzini kuhlinzekwa yimilenze yokuhamba ku-cephalothorax nasemilenzeni yokubhukuda esiswini, futhi ukunyakaza kweziqu zomsila kukuvumela ukuba zibuyele emuva ngokushesha futhi zethuse izitha zazo.
Imfanzi ye-Aquarium isebenza ngokuhlelekile. Basusa echibini ukungcola ulwelwe oluphansi bese bezondla ngezinsalela "zabafowethu" abangasekho. Kwesinye isikhathi zingahlasela izinhlanzi ezigulayo noma ezilele. Ukudliwa kwamuntu phakathi kwala ma-crustaceans akuvamile. Ngokuvamile kubonakala kuphela ezimweni ezicindezelayo noma ezimeni zokulamba isikhathi eside.
Izinhlobo ze-Shrimp
Zonke izinhlobo zezimfanzi ezaziwa yisayensi zehlukaniswe ngamaqembu amane:
- Amanzi afudumele;
- Amanzi abandayo;
- Amanzi kasawoti;
- Amanzi angenasawoti.
Indawo yokuhlala yezimfanzi ezinamanzi afudumele inqunyelwe olwandle naseningizimu yolwandle oluseningizimu. Ababanjwa nje kuphela endaweni yabo yemvelo, kodwa futhi bahlwanyela ezimweni zokufakelwa. Isayensi yazi izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwekhulu zezimfanzi ezinamanzi afudumele. Izibonelo zama-molluscs anjalo yi-black tiger shrimp ne-white tiger prawn.
Okufanekisiwe imfanzi ehlosi emhlophe
Izimfanzi zamanzi abandayo yizona zinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ezaziwayo. Indawo abahlala kuyo ibanzi: zitholakala eBaltic, eBarents, North Seas, ngasogwini lwaseGreenland naseCanada.
Nini incazelo yezimfanzi yabantu abanjalo kufanele kushiwo ukuthi ubude babo buyi-10-12 cm, futhi isisindo sabo singama-5.5-12 amagremu. Imfanzi yamanzi abandayo ayizibolekeli ekukhiqizeni okwenziwayo futhi ithuthuka kuphela endaweni yazo yemvelo.
Zondla kuphela ama-plankton alungele imvelo, anomthelela omuhle kwikhwalithi yazo. Abamele abadume kakhulu bale subspecies yizimfanzi ezibomvu ezisenyakatho, ama-chillim asenyakatho nezimfanzi ezibomvu zekamu.
Imfanzi ye-chilim ebonisiwe
Imfene, ejwayelekile emanzini anosawoti olwandle nolwandle, ibizwa ngokuthi i-brackish. Ngakho-ke, oLwandlekazi lwe-Atlantic lubomvu inkosi izigaxa, emhlophe esenyakatho, pinki yaseningizimu, pink wasenyakatho, serrate nabanye abantu.
Esithombeni, imfanzi enesiga
Imfanzi yaseChile ingatholakala ogwini lwaseNingizimu Melika. Amanzi olwandle olumnyama, iBaltic kanye neMedithera acebile ngezimfanzi ezinotshani nezinesihlabathi.
Okufanekisiwe imfanzi enotshani
Izimfanzi zasemanzini angenasawoti zitholakala ikakhulukazi emazweni aseningizimu-mpumalanga kanye naseNingizimu Asia, e-Australia, eRussia kanye nasemazweni angaphansi kweSoviet space. Ubude babantu abanjalo ngamasentimitha ayi-10-15 futhi anesisindo esisuka ku-11 kuye ku-18 amagremu. Izinhlobo ezidume kakhulu ngama-troglocar shrimp, iPalaemon superbus, Macrobachium rosenbergii.
Ukudla kwezimfanzi
Isisekelo ukudla kwezimfanzi zibulawa izitshalo zasemanzini kanye nemfucumfucu engokwemvelo. Endaweni yazo engokwemvelo, zingabakhwabanisi. Izimfanzi ngeke zenqabe ubumnandi bokudla izinsalela zama-mollusk afile noma ngisho nezinhlanzi ezisencane.
Phakathi kwezitshalo, bancamela ukudla labo abanamaqabunga anenyama namanzi, isibonelo, i-ceratopteris. Enkambisweni yokufuna ukudla, izimfanzi zisebenzisa izitho zokuthinta nephunga. Iphendulela izimpondo zalo ezinhlangothini ezihlukile, ibheka indawo futhi izame ukuthola inyamazane.
Zifuna uhlaza, izinhlobo ezithile zezimfanzi ezihlala eduze nenkabazwe zimba umhlabathi walechibi. Agijima azungeze umngcele wawo aze agijimele ekudleni, bese kuthi, asondele kuwo kude nebanga lesentimitha, awuhlasele kakhulu. Abantu abayizimpumputhe abahlala ezansi koLwandle Olumnyama badla udaka, bawugaye ngamagunya - imihlathi ekhule kahle.
Ezimfanzi ezikhuliswe e-aquarium, kukhiqizwa okuphakelayo okuklanywe ngokukhethekile, okunothiswa ngezakhamzimba kanye ne-iodine. Akunconywa ukuthi ubondle ngemifino ebola.
Njengokudla, ungasebenzisa izaqathe ezibilisiwe, ikhukhamba, i-zucchini, amaqabunga edandelion, i-clover, ama-cherries, ama-chestnut, ama-walnuts. Idili langempela lemfanzi izinsalela zenhlanzi yase-aquarium noma abafo.
Ukuzala nokuphila isikhathi eside kwezimfanzi
Ngesikhathi sokuthomba, imfanzi yesifazane iqala inqubo yokwakha amaqanda, afana nensimbi eluhlaza okwephuzi. Lapho insikazi isilungele ukukhwelana, ikhipha ama-pheromones emanzini - izinto ezinephunga elithile.
Ngemuva kokuzwa leli phunga, abesilisa bayasebenza ukuze bathungathe umlingani bese bemfaka umquba. Le nqubo ithatha ngaphansi komzuzu. Bese imfanzi iba ne-caviar. Okujwayelekile kowesifazane omdala kuyinhlangano yamaqanda angama-20-30. Ukukhula kombungu kwezibungu kuhlala kusuka ezinsukwini eziyi-10 kuye kwezingama-30, kuya ngezinga lokushisa elikhona.
Ngenkathi ye-embryogenesis, izibungu zidlula ngezigaba eziyi-9-12. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinguquko zenzeka esakhiweni sazo: ekuqaleni, imihlathi iyakhiwa, ngemuva kwesikhashana - i-cephalothorax. Iningi lezibungu ezichanyuselwe lifa ngenxa yezimo ezingezinhle noma "umsebenzi" wezilwane ezidla ezinye. Njengomthetho, ukuvuthwa kufinyelela ku-5-10% wamazinyane. Nini ukuzalanisa imfanzi kuze kufike ku-30% wenzalo kungagcinwa ku-aquarium.
Izibungu zihola impilo yokuhlala nje futhi azikwazi ukuthola ukudla, zidla ukudla ezikutholayo. Isigaba sokugcina sentuthuko kula ma-molluscs sibizwa ngokuthi i-decapodite. Ngalesi sikhathi, isibungu sihola indlela yokuphila engafani neze nezimfanzi ezindala. Ngokwesilinganiso, imfanzi inomjikelezo wokuphila weminyaka engu-1.5 kuya kwengu-6.
