Oshaka bangezinye zezinhlanzi ezithakazelisa kakhulu. Lesi silwane siveza ukuhlonishwa nokwesaba okungalawuleki. Ngokwemvelo, kunezinhlobo eziningi zoshaka, phakathi kwazo okungeke kwehluleke ukuhlukanisa ushaka omkhulu. Kungokwesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni. Ushaka omkhulu ingaba nesisindo esingamathani amane, kanti ubude bezinhlanzi ngokuvamile buba okungenani amamitha ayisishiyagalolunye.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Giant Shark
Oshaka abakhulu bangabohlobo lwe- "Cetorhinus Maximus", olungase luhunyushwe ngokuthi "Isilo sasolwandle esikhulu kunazo zonke". Yileyo ndlela abantu abayichaza ngayo le nhlanzi, bemangazwe ubukhulu bayo obukhulu nokubukeka kwayo okwesabisayo. AbaseBrithani babiza lo shark ngokuthi "Basking", okusho ukuthi "ukuthanda imfudumalo." Lesi silwane sathola leli gama ngomkhuba wokubeka umsila waso namaphiko okugcoba emanzini. Kukholakala ukuthi yile ndlela oshaka abala ngayo elangeni.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ushaka omkhulu unedumela elibi kakhulu. Emehlweni abantu, uyisidlakela esinolaka esikwazi ukugwinya umuntu ephelele.
Kukhona iqiniso kulokhu - ubukhulu besilwane buyivumela ukuthi igwinye ngokuphelele umuntu ojwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, abantu abanandaba noshaka abakhulu njengokudla nhlobo. Ziphila ngokudla iplankton kwaphela.
I-giant shark iyi-pelagic shark enkulu. Ungowomndeni we-monotypic. Yiyo kuphela inhlobo engohlobo lwe-monotic lwegama elifanayo - "uCetorhinus". Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, lolu hlobo luyinhlanzi yesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni. Lolu hlobo lubhekwa njengezilwane ezifudukayo. Oshaka abakhulu batholakala kuwo wonke amanzi apholile, bahlala bodwa nasezikoleni ezincane.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ushaka omkhulu olwandle
Oshaka abakhulu banokubukeka okuthile. Umzimba ukhululekile, isisindo sesilwane singafinyelela amathani amane. Ngokuphikisana nomlando womzimba wonke, umlomo omkhulu kanye nama-gill slits amakhulu avela ngokugqamile. Imifantu ihlale ivuvukala. Ubude bomzimba ubuncane amamitha amathathu. Umbala womzimba umpunga onsundu, ungafaka ama-specks. Ushaka unezimpiko ezimbili ngemuva, eyodwa emsileni kanti eminye emibili itholakala esiswini.
Ividiyo: IGiant Shark
I-fin etholakala emsileni ayilingani. Ingxenye engenhla yesiphetho se-caudal inkulu kancane kunaleyo engezansi. Amehlo kashaka ayindilinga futhi mancane kunalawo ezinhlobo eziningi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuthinti ukucasula okubukwayo nganoma iyiphi indlela. Izinhlanzi ezinkulu ziyakwazi ukubona kahle. Ubude bamazinyo abweqi kumamilimitha amahlanu kuya kwayisithupha. Kodwa lesi silwane esidlayo asiwadingi amazinyo amakhulu. Idla kuphela izidalwa ezincane.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ushaka omkhulu kunayo yonke kwakungowesifazane. Ubude bayo babungamamitha ayi-9.8. Ngokwemibiko engaqinisekisiwe, kunabantu abathile olwandle, ubude obufinyelela kumamitha ayishumi nanhlanu. Futhi isisindo esiphezulu esibhaliswe ngokusemthethweni ngamathani amane. Ubude bukashaka omncane kunabo bonke obabanjwa kwakungamamitha ayi-1.7.
Uhlala kuphi ushaka omkhulu?
Isithombe: Ushaka omkhulu ngaphansi kwamanzi
Indawo yemvelo yoshaka abakhulu ifaka phakathi:
- I-Pacific Ocean. Oshaka bahlala ngasogwini lwaseChile, Korea, Peru, Japan, China, Zealand, Australia, California, California, Tasmania;
- ULwandle oluseNyakatho neMedithera;
- I-Atlantic Ocean. Lezi zinhlanzi zabonakala ngasogwini lwase-Iceland, eNorway, eBrazil, e-Argentina, eFlorida;
- amanzi eGreat Britain, eScotland.
Oshaka abakhulu bahlala kuphela emanzini apholile futhi afudumele. Zikhetha amazinga okushisa amanzi aphakathi kwamadijithi ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwayishumi nane. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi lezi zinhlanzi zibhukuda ziye emanzini afudumele. Izindawo ezihlala oshaka zingafika kumamitha ayisishiyagalolunye neshumi ngokujula. Abantu, nokho, bahlangana noshaka abakhulu ezindaweni zokuphuma ezincane emabhishi noma ngasogwini. Lezi zinhlanzi zithanda ukubhukuda zize zibheke phezulu namaphiko azo ephuma.
Oshaka balezi zinhlobo bafuduka. Ukuhamba kwabo kuhlotshaniswa nezinguquko zokushisa endaweni yokuhlala kanye nokwabiwa kabusha kweplankton. Kuyamukelwa ukuthi oshaka behlela emanzini ajulile ebusika, bese beya endaweni engajulile eseduze nogu ehlobo. Yile ndlela abasinda ngayo lapho amazinga okushisa ehla. Ukufuna ukudla, oshaka abakhulu bangahamba amabanga amade. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokubonga kososayensi kuzinhlanzi ezimakiwe.
Yini edliwa ushaka omkhulu?
Isithombe: Giant shark from the Red Book
Ushaka omkhulu, naphezu kobukhulu bawo obukhulu nomlomo obanzi, unamazinyo amancane kakhulu. Ngokumelene nesizinda somlomo wabo, bacishe bangabonakali, ngakho-ke isilwane sibukeka singenamazinyo. Umlomo kashaka mkhulu kangangokuba ungagwinya umuntu ojwayelekile ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, inyamazane enkulu kangaka ayinasithakazelo kulesi silwanyana, ngakho-ke abatshuzi bangaze babheke le nhlanzi endaweni yayo yemvelo ibanga eliphephile.
Izintandokazi ze-gastronomic zoshaka omkhulu azitholakali. Lezi zilwane zithanda kuphela izilwane ezincane, ikakhulukazi - iplankton. Ososayensi bavame ukubhekisela ku-shark omkhulu njenge-filtrate engenzi lutho noma inetha lokuhlala elibukhoma. Le nhlanzi nsuku zonke yeqa amabanga amade ngomlomo ovulekile, ngaleyo ndlela igcwalise isisu sayo ngeplankton. Le nhlanzi inesisu esikhulu. Ingabamba ithani elilodwa leplankton. Ushaka uhlunga amanzi, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso. Ngehora elilodwa, cishe amathani amabili amanzi adlula ezigulini zawo.
Ushaka omkhulu udinga ukudla okuningi ukuze umzimba wawo usebenze ngokujwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, ngezikhathi ezifudumele nezibandayo, inani lokudla okudliwayo lihluke kakhulu. Ehlobo nasentwasahlobo, inhlanzi idla cishe ama-calories angamakhulu ayisikhombisa ngehora elilodwa, kanti ebusika - amakhulu amane kuphela.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Giant Shark
Iningi loshaka abakhulu bahlala bodwa. Bambalwa kuphela kubo abakhetha ukuhlala emihlambini emincane. Iphuzu lonke lokuphila lenhlanzi enkulu kangako ukuthola ukudla. Laba oshaka bachitha izinsuku zonke besendleleni yokubhukuda kancane. Zibhukuda ngemilomo evulekile, zihlunga amanzi futhi ziqoqe ama-plankton. Ijubane labo elijwayelekile lingamakhilomitha angu-3.7 ngehora. Oshaka abakhulu babhukuda basondele ebusweni namaphiko abo.
Uma oshaka abakhulu bavame ukuvela ebusweni bamanzi, lokhu kusho ukuthi ukugxila kweplankton kukhuphuke kakhulu. Esinye isizathu kungaba yisikhathi sokukhwelana. Lezi zilwane zihamba kancane, kepha ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile ziyakwazi ukwenza udeshi olubukhali emanzini. Yile ndlela oshaka abalahla ngayo ama-parasites. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, le nhlanzi ibhukuda ekujuleni okungekho ngaphezu kwamamitha ayisishiyagalolunye, ngenkathi ebusika icwila phansi. Lokhu kungenxa yokwehla kwezinga lokushisa kwamanzi kanye nenani leplankton ebusweni.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ebusika, lolu hlobo lukashaka kufanele luqhubeke nokudla. Lokhu kuhlotshaniswa hhayi kuphela nokwehliswa kwezidalwa eziphilayo, kepha futhi nokwehla kokusebenza kahle kwezinto zokusebenza "zemifanekiso" yesilwane. Izinhlanzi azikwazi ukuhlunga amanzi amaningi uma zifuna ama-plankton.
Oshaka abakhulu bayakwazi ukuxhumana nabanye. Lokhu bakwenza ngokushukuma komzimba. Naphezu kwamehlo amancane, lezi zilwane zinamehlo amahle kakhulu. Babona kalula ukushukuma okubonakalayo kwezihlobo zabo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ushaka omkhulu emanzini
Oshaka abakhulu bangabizwa ngokuthi izilwane zomphakathi. Zingaba zodwa noma njengengxenye yomhlambi omncane. Imvamisa izikole zezinhlanzi ezinjalo azidluli kubantu abane. Akuvamile kuphela lapho oshaka behamba khona ngemihlambi emikhulu - kuze kufike emakhanda ayikhulu. Emhlambini, oshaka baziphatha ngokuthula, ngokuthula. Oshaka abakhulu bakhula kancane kakhulu. Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwenzeka kuphela lapho uneminyaka eyishumi nambili, noma ngisho kamuva. Izinhlanzi zikulungele ukuzalaniswa lapho zifinyelela ebude bomzimba okungenani amamitha amane.
Isikhathi sokuzala sezinhlanzi siwela ngenkathi efudumele. Ngentwasahlobo, oshaka bagqagqana ngababili, bakhwelana emanzini angajulile asogwini. Kuncane okwaziwayo ngenqubo yokuzalisana koshaka abakhulu. Kucatshangwa ukuthi isikhathi sokumitha sowesifazane sihlala okungenani unyaka owodwa futhi singafinyelela eminyakeni emithathu nohhafu. Ukuntuleka kolwazi kungenxa yokuthi oshaka abakhulelwe balolu hlobo babanjwa ngokweqile ngokweqile. Abesifazane abakhulelwe bazama ukuhlala bajule. Zizala amaphuphu azo lapho.
Amantshontsho awahlotshaniswa nomama ngokuxhumeka komkhaya. Okokuqala, zondla ngokuphuzi, bese ngamaqanda angakavundiswa. Kokukhulelwa okukodwa, ushaka omkhulu ungathwala amawundlu amahlanu kuye kwayisithupha. Oshaka bazalwa bengamamitha ayi-1.5 ubude.
Izitha zemvelo zoshaka abakhulu
Isithombe: Ushaka omkhulu olwandle
Oshaka abakhulu yizinhlanzi ezinkulu, ngakho-ke banezitha ezimbalwa kakhulu zemvelo.
Izitha zabo yilezi:
- izimuncagazi nezibungu. Oshaka bacasulwa ama-nematode, ama-cestode, ama-crustaceans, oshaka abakhazimulayo baseBrazil. Futhi izibani zasolwandle zinamathela kubo. Izimuncagazi azikwazi ukubulala isilwane esikhulu kangako, kepha simnika ukukhathazeka okuningi futhi sishiya izibazi zesici emzimbeni. Ukuze ususe izinto eziyigciwane, ushaka kufanele agxume aphume emanzini noma agudle uthuthuva olwandle;
- ezinye izinhlanzi. Izinhlanzi zilinga ukuhlasela oshaka abakhulu kakhulu. Phakathi kwala ma-daredevils, oshaka abamhlophe, imikhomo ebulalayo kanye noshaka bamahlosi babonwa. Kuyinkinga ukuphendula ukuthi lezi zingxabano ziphela kanjani. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi kungaholela ekufeni kwesilwane. Okuhlukile kungaba izinhlanzi ekugugeni noma kokugula;
- abantu. Abantu bangabizwa ngesitha semvelo esibi kakhulu soshaka abakhulu. Isibindi salesi silwane singamafutha angamaphesenti ayisithupha, abaluleke kakhulu. Ngalesi sizathu, oshaka abakhulu bayisilwane esihlwabusayo sabazingeli abangekho emthethweni. Lezi zinhlanzi zibhukuda kancane futhi azifihli kubantu. Zingasetshenziselwa ukuthengiswa cishe ngokuphelele: kufaka phakathi hhayi isibindi kuphela, kepha ngisho namathambo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Giant Shark
Oshaka abakhulu bahlukile, inhlanzi enkulu engomunye wemithombo emikhulu ye-squalene. Isilwane esisodwa singakhiqiza cishe amalitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili! Futhi, inyama yalaba oshaka iyadliwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphiko adliwa ngabantu. Benza isobho elihle kakhulu. Futhi isikhumba, uqwanga nezinye izingxenye zezinhlanzi kusetshenziswa emithini yokwelapha yesintu. Kodwa-ke, kuze kube manje, cishe yonke insimu yebanga lemvelo ayidobi lezi zinhlanzi.
Oshaka balolu hlobo cishe abalimazi abantu. Abahlaseli abantu, njengoba bethanda ukudla iplankton kuphela. Ungathinta ngisho noshaka omkhulu ngesandla sakho, kepha kudingeka uqaphele, ngoba ungalimala ngezikali ze-placoid. Ingozi yabo kuphela ukugwedla imikhumbi emincane yokudoba. Mhlawumbe izinhlanzi zibabona njengoshaka wobulili obuhlukile. Ukuntuleka kokudoba okusemthethweni kuhlotshaniswa nokuqothulwa kancane kancane kohlobo. Inani loshaka abakhulu liyancipha. Lezi zinhlanzi zinikezwe isimo sokongiwa kwemvelo: Zisengozini.
Inani loshaka abakhulu lehle kakhulu, ngakho-ke izilwane azinikwanga isimo sokulondolozwa kuphela. Lab 'oshaka bafakiwe kwi-International Red Book, futhi izifundazwe eziningi zenze izindlela ezikhethekile zokuzivikela.
Ukulondolozwa koshaka abakhulu
Isithombe: Giant shark from the Red Book
Inani loshaka abakhulu namuhla liphansi impela, ngenxa yezizathu eziningi:
- ukudoba;
- ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwemvelo okuhamba kancane;
- ukuzingela ngokungemthetho
- ukufa emanetheni okudoba;
- ukuwohloka kwesimo semvelo.
Ngenxa yomthelela walezi zinto ezingenhla, inani loshaka abakhulu lehle kakhulu. Lokhu kwakuthonywe kakhulu ukudoba nokuzingela ngokungemthetho, okusachuma kwamanye amazwe. Futhi ngenxa yezici zemvelo, inani laboshaka abakhulu alinaso isikhathi sokululama. Futhi, abazingeli abangekho emthethweni, ababamba izilwane ngenzuzo yabo, bathinta njalo inombolo.
Ngenxa yokwehla kwesibalo soshaka abakhulu, lesi silwane sabalwa ku-International Red Book. Kwasungulwa nohlelo olukhethekile lokugcina lezi zinhlobo. Izifundazwe eziningi sezethule imikhawulo ethile ebamba iqhaza ekulondolozweni kwezinhlobo ze- "Giant Shark". Imikhawulo yokuqala yokudoba yenziwa yiGreat Britain. Ngemuva kwalokho iMalta, e-USA, New Zealand, neNorway yajoyina. Kodwa-ke, emazweni amaningi ukuvinjelwa akusebenzi ezilwaneni ezifa noma ezifile. Laba oshaka bangangeniswa ngaphakathi, balahlwe noma bathengiswe. Ngenxa yezinyathelo ezithathiwe, kusenokwenzeka ukulondolozwa kwabantu abakhona oshaka abakhulu.
Ushaka omkhulu - isakhamuzi esiyingqayizivele esingaphansi kwamanzi esijabulela ubukhulu baso nokubukeka kwethusa. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwalokhu kubonakala, laba oshaka, ngokungafani nezihlobo zabo eziseduze, baphephe ngokuphelele kubantu. Ziphila ngokudla iplankton kwaphela.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 05/10/2020
Usuku lokuvuselela: 24.02.2020 ngo-22: 48
