Ufudu lwamalahle - Izinhlobo eziyingqayizivele nezingavamile zama-amphibians. Namuhla, ososayensi abaningi bazama ukuyicubungula kabanzi, kepha lolu fudu, njengoba kwenzekile, alutholakali kalula endle ukuze kutholakale uhlobo lwalo nendlela yalo yokuphila endle. Izimfudu zamalahle nazo zigcinwa eziqiwini, lapho zicwaningwa ngokucophelela futhi zisizwe ekuzaleni. Vele, ukuzalanisa izithunjwa kudlala indima ebalulekile ekulondolozweni kwalolu hlobo. Ake sihlolisise impilo yasemanzini efana nofudu lwamalahle.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Ufudu Lamalahle
Ufudu lwamalahle yabonakala okokuqala eNingizimu Melika. Inqubo yokuvela kwalezi zinhlobo njengezodwa ehlukile ingumbuzo ongaqondakali. Ake siqale kwasekuqaleni. Impela zonke izinhlobo zofudu zilethwe kuhlobo oluhlukile lweTestudo yisazi semvelo saseSweden njengoKarl Linnaeus. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1758.
Kuphela ngemuva kwamakhulu amabili eminyaka, ngo-1982, ososayensi uRoger Boer noCharles Crumley bahlukanisa izinhlobo zofudu lwamalahle kwezinye futhi bazibiza ngokufanele. Igama, ngokombono wabo, likhombisa ngokusobala indawo yokuhlala yalezi zilwane. Babuye behluka kwezinye izihlobo ngokungabikho kwepuleti le-occipital nokuba khona komsila. Ukubukeka kanye nezinto ezingenhla kusize ososayensi ukuthi bakhe igama kanambambili i-Chelonoidis carbonaria, elisasebenza nanamuhla.
Yize iqiniso lokuthi ufudu lwamalahle lubalwe njengohlobo oluhlukile ngokulandelana kwalo, aluhlukile kakhulu ezihlotsheni zalo. Zonke izinhlobo zalezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo ziyefana, ngakho ezinye zazo zingahlukaniswa kuphela ngabantu abaqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile. Ufudu lwamalahle lunegobolondo eliqinile elilivikela ekulimaleni komshini, emilenzeni emifushane, ekhanda elincane nasentanyeni ende. Indlela aphila ngayo nayo icishe ifane nezinye izimfudu, kodwa futhi inezici zayo, esizokhuluma ngazo ezigabeni ezilandelayo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ufudu Lamalahle
Ufudu lwamalahle inezici zayo nokwehluka uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezihuquzelayo zomhlaba. Le ufudu omkhulu impela. Ubude begobolondo lalo bungafinyelela kumasentimitha angama-45.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: ngokusho kwabanye abacwaningi, kubantu abadala, ubude begobolondo bungafinyelela kumasentimitha angama-70.
Owesifazane kulula ukuhlukanisa nowesilisa. Mncane ngosayizi futhi unokudangala okuncane esiswini segobolondo lokuzivikela. Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukuthi ezindaweni ezihlukene, izimfudu zingahluka ngosayizi nangebala. Lesi sici senza kube nzima kwabanye abacwaningi ukuthola ngokunembile uhlobo lwesirhubuluzi.
Umbala wegobolondo lofudu lwamalahle ungwevu-mnyama. Futhi inamachashaza aphuzi ngokusawolintshi okuyisici salezi zinwabuzelayo. Imibala efana ne-orange ebomvu futhi ekhanyayo ikhona ekubukeni kwalesi silwane. Lo mbala ukhona ekhanda nasemilenzeni engaphambili yesilwane. Amehlo amnyama, kepha imivimbo ephuzi iyabonakala nxazonke zawo.
Isimo sofudu lwamalahle luyashintsha kuye ngobudala bayo. Kubantu abasha, igobolondo linemibala ekhanyayo kunaleyo emidala. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isihlangu salezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo siphenduka sibe mnyama futhi amabala aphuzi kuphela angabonakala kuso.
Uhlala kuphi ufudu lwamalahle?
Isithombe: Ufudu Lamalahle
Njengoba kwacaca kulezi zingxenye ezingenhla, ufudu lwamalahle ikakhulu luhlala eNingizimu Melika. Lolu hlobo lwesirhubuluzi luthanda lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya linyuka phakathi kuka-20-35 degrees Celsius. Futhi, ngokubona kososayensi, kutholakale ukuthi izimfudu zithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinomswakama omkhulu nemvula ephezulu. Abaphenyi bavame ukubathola eduze nemifula noma amachibi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: okwamanje akwaziwa ukuthi izimfudu zamalahle zivela kanjani ezindaweni ezintsha zokuhlala. Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi othile ubathumele ngokukhethekile lapho, kanti abanye bathi lolu hlobo lwenhlanzi lukhulisa kancane indawo yalo yokuhlala.
Izimfudu zamalahle zitholakala minyaka yonke ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zaseNingizimu Melika. Leli qiniso lenza kube nzima ukuthola indawo ezindawo abahlala kuzo. Ekuqaleni, amazwe anjengePanama, iVenezuela, iGuyana, iSuriname neGuiana abhekwa njengendawo yawo yokuhlala. Okwamanje, kunezindaba zokuthi kubonakale izimfudu zamalahle eColombia, e-Ecuador, eBolivia, e-Argentina naseBrazil. Ngokwandayo, ososayensi babikwa ngezindawo ezintsha zokubukeka kwalezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo. Enye yezindaba zakamuva kwaba ukuvela kwezinhlobo zaseCaribbean.
Yini edliwa ufudu lwamalahle?
Isithombe: Ufudu Lamalahle
Njengezinye izilwane ezinwabuzelayo, ufudu lwamalahle luyisidleke sezilwane. Ingxenye eyinhloko yokudla kwabo izithelo. Imvamisa isirhubuluzi singabonakala ngaphansi kwesihlahla esithela izithelo. Ngakho izimfudu zilinda ukuthi izithelo zivuthwe bese ziyawa. Phakathi kwe-frkutvoi, ukukhetha kwabo kuvame ukuwela ezithelweni ezivela ku-cacti, amakhiwane, i-pehena, i-spondia, i-annona, i-philodendron, i-bromiliad.
Ukudla okusele kwezimfudu zamalahle kufaka amaqabunga, utshani, izimbali, izimpande namahlumela. Ngezikhathi ezithile, lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo zithanda nokuzitika ngama-invertebrate amancane, njengezintuthwane, umuhlwa, amabhungane, izimvemvane, iminenke nezikelemu.
Ukudla kwalolu hlobo kuncike ngqo kwisizini esikhathini samanje. Ngezikhathi zemvula nomswakama omkhulu, izimfudu zizama ukuzitholela izithelo, futhi ngezikhathi ezomile, izimbali noma amahlumela ezitshalo.
Ngokususelwe kokungenhla, singaphetha ngokuthi ufudu lwamalahle luyisilwane esithanda izinto zonke ngokuphelele. Bangadla cishe noma yisiphi isitshalo nezithelo, kepha imvamisa bakhetha lezo okuqukethwe yi-calcium namaminerali. Kodwa-ke, yize kunjalo, abantu abagcina lezi zilwane ekuthunjweni balandela uhlobo oluthile lokudla. Bathatha izitshalo njengesisekelo futhi kwesinye isikhathi bahlaze ukudla nezithelo.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ufudu Lamalahle
Ufudu lwamalahle imvamisa akusona isilwane esithanda umphakathi. Ungasho nokuthi uhola indlela yokuphila enobuvila. Lezi zinhlobo zihlala ziphumule cishe isigamu sosuku. Isikhathi esisele sofudu sichithwa ukufuna ukudla nendawo yokukhosela entsha. Qaphela ukuthi, kulokhu, lezi zinhlobo azinakho ukuncintisana nama-congeners. Uma ufudu lwamalahle lubona ukuthi indawo isivele inomunye umuntu, kumane kushiye ukuzifunela okusha.
Ufudu aluhlali endaweni eyodwa futhi alulihlomisi nganoma iyiphi indlela. Njengoba esedlile, uhamba njalo, futhi ngemuva kokutholwa kwendawo yokukhosela entsha, uchitha izinsuku ezingama-4 kuyo, kuze kube yisidlo esilandelayo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: isithombe sefudu lwamalahle singabonakala kwisitembu sokuposa sase-Argentina sango-2002.
Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zisondela ekukhetheni "kwekamu" lazo ngokucophelela okukhulu. Akufanele yehluke kakhulu esimweni sezulu sayo esintofontofo, kepha ngasikhathi sinye kufanele futhi ibavikele engozini yangaphandle. Izimfudu zamalahle zivame ukukhetha izindawo ezifana nezihlahla ezifile, imigodi engajulile, noma izindawo ezivalekile phakathi kwezimpande zezihlahla njengendawo yazo yokuphumula.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ufudu Lamalahle
Ufudu lwamalahle luzala unyaka wonke uma izimo zokuphila zizinhle. Lapho uneminyaka engu-4-5, lolu hlobo lufinyelela ebusheni futhi selikulungele ukudala inzalo yalo. Uma sikhuluma ngezimfudu ekuthunjweni, esimweni sezulu sazo esintofontofo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lapho-ke abadingi ukulala ubuthongo, ngakho-ke, isikhathi sethuba lokudala imikhuba eminingi siyanda.
Isiko lokukhwelana lofudu lwamalahle lumi kanje. Lapha owesilisa uhola konke, nguyena okhetha inkanuko yakhe yesikhathi esizayo. Kepha ukuthola indawo eduze kowesifazane, abesilisa balwa nabanye abantu bobulili obufanayo. Ekulweni kowesifazane, lowo onamandla uyanqoba bese ephendulela ophikisana naye egobolondweni. Bese kuthi isiko liqhubeke nokulandela iphunga lomlingani wakhe, owesilisa okwazile ukulihogela phambilini. Uyamlandela aze ame futhi unamathele kahle ekuhlanganiseni.
Izimfudu ezinyawo olubomvu azikhathazi ngokufuna noma ukwakha isidleke. Imvamisa, ukhetha udoti wasehlathini othambile, lapho abeka khona amaqanda ama-5 kuye kwangama-15. Izimfudu ezincane kufanele zilinde isikhathi eside ngokwanele - kusuka ezinsukwini eziyi-120 kuya kwezingama-190. Ngokumangazayo, amawundlu anezinyo elikhethekile leqanda, ngosizo lwawo agqobhoza igobolondo ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, ngemuva kwalokho linyamalale lodwa. Zizalwa zinamagobolondo ayizicaba futhi ayindilinga ane-yolk sac esiswini, lapho zithola khona zonke izakhi zomzimba, ngenxa yokuthi zingabamba okokuqala ngaphandle kokudla. Ngemuva kwalokho iyancibilika futhi ngosuku lwe-2-5 lwempilo yabo, ufudu lwamalahle oluncane luqala ukuzondla lodwa.
Izitha zemvelo zofudu lwamalahle
Isithombe: Ufudu Lamalahle
Ngaphandle kokuthi ufudu "unezikhali" zawo, unezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo. Ezinye zazo yizinyoni ezidla inyama, eziphakamisa ezihuquzelayo ziye ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu, bese ziyazilahla ukuze zihlukanise igobolondo lazo eliqinile. Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kwenziwa, bayabakhipha egobolondweni elonakele noma elihlukanisiwe.
Izilwane ezincelisayo nazo zisohlwini lwezitha zemvelo zofudu lwamalahle. Esibonelweni sethu esithile, i-jaguar ehlala eNingizimu Melika ingaba yingozi. Uvame ukukhipha izimfudu emagobolondweni abo ngezidladla zakhe.
Ngezikhathi ezithile, ufudu lwamalahle lungaba yinto enhle, ngisho nasezinambuzaneni. Izintuthwane namabhungane amancane zingaluma izicubu ezithambile emzimbeni wesilwane esihuquzelayo esingavikelwe amagobolondo. Imvamisa, abantu ababuthakathaka noma abagulayo babhekana nalolu hlobo lokuhlaselwa.
Ngokwemvelo, isitha esiyinhloko sezimfudu umuntu. Abantu babulala isilwane ngenxa yenyama noma amaqanda aso, bazenzele izilwane ezigxotshiwe. Umuntu angakwazi, ngokungazazi kwakhe, ngengozi abhubhise indawo yalolu hlobo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ufudu Lamalahle
Kuncane okungashiwo ngenani lofudu lwamalahle. Isibalo sabo endle okwamanje asaziwa, kepha ngokwesimo sokongiwa kwesilwane, singacabanga nje ukuthi konke akukuhle ngendlela obekufanele kube ngayo.
Njengoba sishilo ngenhla, izimfudu zamalahle zihlala eNingizimu Melika, kepha zisatshalaliswa ngokungalingani kule ndawo. Kunesimo sezulu esihle nomswakama walezi zinhlobo, kepha kukhona nokubi kokuhlala kule ndawo, okungathinta inani lezinhlobo. Sikhuluma ngazo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlekelele, njengeziphepho, ezivame kakhulu kuleli zwekazi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: ufudu lwamalahle lunelinye igama - ufudu olunezinyawo ezibomvu
Umuntu wakha amafemu futhi uvamise ukwakha ingqalasizinda. Leli qiniso futhi lingavimbela ukwanda kwesibalo sezimfudu zamalahle. Imfucuza ephonswa ngabantu emizimbeni yamanzi eduze kwalapho kuhlala khona izilwane ezinwabuzelayo nakho kuthinta kabi ukukhiqizwa kwalolu hlobo. Abantu bazama ukudala izimo ezihle kakhulu zezimfudu zamalahle ezithunjiwe, kepha lokhu akwanele, ngoba uhlobo ngalunye lwezinto kumele futhi lukhule endaweni yalo yemvelo.
Ukongiwa Kwezimfudu Zamalahle
Isithombe: Ufudu Lamalahle
Uma sikhuluma ngokuvikelwa kofudu lwamalahle, okokuqala kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ayikho idatha kunombolo yabo okwamanje. Kumele futhi kuthiwe lolu hlobo lwengezwe yi-International Union for Conservation of Nature eNcwadini Ebomvu Yomhlaba Wonke. Kusona, lesi silwane esinwabuzelayo sanikezwa isimo se-VU, okusho ukuthi isilwane okwamanje sisengozini.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: imvamisa izinhlobo ezinesimo se-VU zizala kahle ekuthunjweni, kepha zisayigcina. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi usongo lukhona ngqo kubantu basendle bezinhlobo, njengakithi.
Vele, izimfudu zamalahle zidinga ukubhekwa njalo nezinyathelo ezithathwayo ukusiza ukugcina indawo yazo yokuhlala. Kakade, lolu hlobo luyabonakala ezindaweni eziningi ezigcinwe ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zeplanethi yethu. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, abantu badinga ukuthatha isinyathelo futhi bavumele lezi zidalwa ukuthi ziqhubeke kahle nezinzalo zazo endle.
Ufudu lwamalahle - uhlobo olungavamile lwezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezidinga ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa kwethu. Ukuhlala kwabo ngqo akwaziwa, kepha-ke, thina bantu kudingeka senze yonke imizamo ukunikeza lolu hlobo ukuzala ngokuthula kunoma yiziphi izimo. Lolu fudu, njengabo bonke abanye abamele izilwane, ngokuqinisekile lubalulekile emvelweni. Masibe abaqaphile futhi sifunde ukunakekela kahle izinto eziphilayo ezisizungezile!
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08.04.
Usuku lokuvuselela: 08.04.2020 ngo-23: 28
