Okungajwayelekile idada le-merganser okokuqala yathola ukuthandwa kwayo okuphezulu ngaphezu kweminyaka engamakhulu amathathu edlule. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho aqala khona ukuvela emazweni amaningi aseYurophu futhi ngokushesha waba intandokazi yezakhamuzi zabo. Idada le-merganser lisaziswa kakhulu ngabantu nanamuhla. Waziwa njengenye yezinyoni ezinhle kakhulu zamanzi. Naphezu kokuthandwa kwayo, bambalwa abantu abangaziqhayisa okungenani ngolwazi oluncane ngalolu hlobo lwenyoni.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Idada le-Merganser
Idada elihle le-merganser lasendle alaziwa nje kuphela ngezimpaphe zalo ezigqamile nezingavamile, kodwa futhi nangosayizi walo omangalisayo. Isisindo salezi zinyoni singafinyelela kumakhilogremu amabili. Ukuzuza kwesisindo okusebenzayo kakhulu kwenzeka ekwindla. Abahlanganisi yizinyoni ezifudukayo. Ebusika, bakhetha ukuthuthela emazweni anezimo ezifudumele. Kodwa-ke, zivame ukubonwa ngesikhathi sasebusika eKamchatka, ePrimorye nasogwini loLwandle i-Azov.
Ividiyo: Idada le-Merganser
Amadada aseMerganser angawohlelo lwe-Anseriformes, umndeni omncane wamadada weqiniso. Bangabomndeni wedada futhi bahlukaniswe kuwo baba uhlobo oluhlukile lwe-merganser. Isizathu sokuvela kohlobo oluhlukile ukuba khona kwenani elikhulu lokufana phakathi kokuhlanganiswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Zonke zabelana ngezici ezifanayo zokwakheka, izindlela zokuphila ezifanayo, indlela efanayo yokuziphatha nokuthanda ukudla.
Phakathi kwezici ezivamile zesici se-merganser yilezi:
- umlomo omude, omncane futhi ogobile. Phezulu kwayo, ungabona ukukhula okuncane kwe-horny. Futhi esikhundleni samapuleti ejwayelekile amadada asemlonyeni (wokuqoqa ukudla kwezitshalo), la madada anamazinyo abukhali. Zitholakala emaphethelweni futhi zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kalula kwezinhlanzi;
- intamo ende, isifuba. Lesi sici sizenza zifane kakhulu nama-loon, ama-grebes;
- ubukhulu bezinhlanzi ekudleni. Abathengisi cishe abadli ukudla kwezitshalo;
- ikhono lokutshuza lemvelo elihle kakhulu.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwamadada e-merganser kushintshe kaningi phakathi nesikhathi sonke.
Namuhla, kuyisiko ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezine zabahlanganisi:
- isikhumba. Lona uhlobo lwakudala kakhulu. Ingxenye yomzimba waleyo enezimpiko ifana nephethini yesikali. Izinyoni ezinjalo zihlala empumalanga kuphela;
- enkulu. Ngummeleli omkhulu kakhulu we-merganser. Kuvame ukudideka nehansi. Izidleke ezinkulu ze-merganser zombili empumalanga nasentshonalanga;
- amakhala amade. Isisindo salesi silwane siyikhilogremu elilodwa nohhafu, ubude abudluli amasentimitha angamashumi amahlanu nesishiyagalombili. Lolu hlobo luvame kakhulu futhi lutholakala kuyo yonke indawo yokuhlala i-merganser;
- WaseBrazil. Izinhlobonhlobo eziyivelakancane - inombolo ayidluli abantu abangamakhulu amathathu namashumi amahlanu. Uzala entshonalanga kuphela.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Libukeka kanjani idada le-merganser
Ukuvela kwamadada e-merganser kuya ngezinhlobo zawo. Kodwa-ke, kunokufana okuningi kokwakheka nokwangaphandle phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, bonke abahlanganisi bahlukaniswa ngobukhulu babo obumangalisayo. Ubude babo, ngokwesilinganiso, cishe ngamasentimitha angamashumi ayisithupha. Isisindo sezinyoni ezinjalo singafinyelela kumakhilogremu amabili. Iphiko le-merganser lidlula amasentimitha angamashumi ayisishiyagalombili. Kodwa-ke, lezi yizinkomba ezijwayelekile, ngoba emvelweni kukhona abantu nosayizi omncane.
Futhi, isici esivelele se-merganser uqhwaku oluncane futhi olude, olugobile ekugcineni. Amazinyo amancane atholakala ezinhlangothini zomlomo onjalo. Zisiza isilwane ekubambeni nasekudleni izinhlanzi. La madada anentamo ende, okungajwayelekile kwamanye amalungu omndeni. Imilenze ye-merganser imfishane futhi inensimbi ebanzi yesikhumba. Umsila uyindilinga, mfushane. Izimpiko zikhonjisiwe.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngokungafani namanye amadada, ama-mergansers awavamile ukudliwa. Inyama yalamadada asendle ingatheleleka ngesikelemu futhi inephunga elibi. I-tapeworm ingakhula ifike kumamitha amaningana emzimbeni womuntu.
Isici esivelele kakhulu se-merganser umbala omangazayo wezimpaphe. Zonke izinhlobo zala madada zidwetshwe ngokuhlanganiswa kombala okungajwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, i-merganser enkulu ipendwe ngombala omnyama, ompunga omnyama, omhlophe-obomvana. Ukubukeka kwe-scaly kunemibala e-brown-olive, ebomvu noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngemuva kwalesi silwane kuhlotshiswe ngemivimbo empunga nokumhlophe ecishe ifane nezikali. I-merganser yaseBrazil inomlomo ogqamile obomvu, ikhanda nentamo emnyama, umzimba ongaphezulu onsundu ngokuluhlaza ngokukhanyayo nesisu esilula.
Ihlala kuphi idada le-merganser?
Isithombe: Idada laseMerganser eRussia
Idada le-merganser lithathwa njengenyoni efudukayo, kepha lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Ezinye izinhlobo zikhetha ukuqhubeka nokuhlala phansi. Ukuze ziphile, lezi zinyoni zikhetha izindawo ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele nesifudumele. Ehlobo bahlala ezwenikazi lase-Eurasia, endaweni yalo emaphakathi. Abahlanganisi bavela lapho ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Njalo zifika cishe ezokuqala impela, lapho nje sekuqala ukufudumala kancane ngaphandle. Ebusika, izilwane zishiya izindawo zazo zokugcina - lapho kufika amakhaza amakhulu futhi yonke imizimba yamanzi iba yiqhwa.
Okokuhlanganisa, abahlanganisi bathanda ukukhetha izindawo zehlathi. Kodwa ngezikhathi ezithile, izidleke zazo zitholakala ezindaweni ezisogwini nasezintabeni. Ukwehluka okunjalo kwendawo yokuhlala kuhlotshaniswa nokuba khona kwezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo zokudla okuhlanganisiwe. Umbandela obalulekile lapho ukhetha indawo yalezi zinyoni ukutholakala kwamanzi anokudla okufanelekile eduze komthombo. Lezi zinyoni zidla izinhlanzi. Indawo yemvelo yamadada e-merganser inkulu kakhulu, ehlotshaniswa nokuba khona kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinyoni.
Kubandakanya:
- I-China. Kuphela lezo zindawo lapho kunezinhlanzi eziningi khona;
- ama-hemispheres asempumalanga nasentshonalanga, i-Asia Ephakathi, amachibi aseCalifornia, izintaba ze-Himalaya. Omele amadada ngobukhulu, i-merganser enkulu, uhlala kulezi zindawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izindawo, i-merganser ihlala phansi;
- EMpumalanga Ekude yeRussia, eNyakatho neJapan, eSouth-East ye-Asia. Le yindawo yemvelo yama-scaly mergansers;
- ugu lwaseNtshonalanga Yurophu, e-UK. Izinhlobo ezinekhala elide zihlala lapha;
- amadamu eParaguay, e-Argentina, naseBrazil. Le ndawo inezinhlobo eziyivelakancane ze-merganser - iBrazil.
Manje uyazi lapho kuhlala khona idada le-merganser. Ake sibone ukuthi inyoni idlani.
Idlani idada le-merganser?
Isithombe: Idada le-Merganser
Uma izinhlobo eziningi zamadada zidla ukudla kwezitshalo noma zinokudla okuxubekile, ama-mergansers adla izilwane kuphela. Badla abakutholayo ngenkathi bedoba. Lolu hlobo lwamadada lungakwazi ukubhekana kalula nezinhlanzi, ubude bazo obufinyelela amasentimitha angamashumi amabili. Basebenzisa ubuciko babo ngobuciko futhi bangabatshuzi abahle kakhulu. Inqubo yabo yokudoba ithakazelisa kakhulu. Okokuqala, amadada afaka amakhanda awo ngaphansi kwamanzi, efuna inhlanzi efanelekayo. Ngemuva kwalokho ziyacwila masinyane, zibambe izinhlanzi ngomlomo wazo. Abahlanganisi abancane bazizwa behle ngaphansi kwamanzi. Bangakwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha lapho, benze ukujika okubukhali.
Ehlobo, amadada ama-merganser angazingela eyedwa, futhi ngesikhathi sokufuduka, cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi ahamba uhambo lokudoba ngokuhlanganyela. Lona ngumbono othakazelisayo impela. Izinyoni ziklelana ngasikhathi sinye zitshuzele inyamazane. Ukudoba iqembu elinjalo kungabala inani lamadada angamakhulu amaningana.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Ukutholakala kokudla kuyindlela enkulu yokukhetha indawo yokuhlala. Abakwa Mergansers ngeke bandize baye ezifundeni eziseningizimu kakhulu ukuze bahlale ebusika uma imizimba yamanzi esendaweni yabo yokwakha izidleke ingamboziwe ngongqimba oluncane lweqhwa futhi ingakwazi ukudoba.
Isisekelo sokudla kwe-merganser yasendle, njengoba sekushiwo, yinhlanzi. Amadada azingela ama-eels, trout, pike, salmon, barbs. Lezi zinhlanzi ziba yizilwane ezinkulu nezindala. Ama-mergansers amancane adla izinhlanzi ezincane. Futhi, abahlanganisi ababadeleli abanye abantu abahlala emanzini. Badla ama-mollusk, ama-crustaceans amancane, izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene zasemanzini, izibungu.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Idada le-Merganser emvelweni
Iningi lezinhlobo ze-merganser ziyafuduka. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, bahlala ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke, ezitholakala kakhulu eYurophu emaphakathi, kuthi ebusika bandizele ezifundeni eziseningizimu. Kodwa-ke, izinyoni zindiza zize zihlale ubusika kuphela phakathi noma ngasekupheleni kwekwindla, lapho amadamu eqala ukumbozwa yiqhwa. Bafika futhi ekuseni kakhulu. Kwezinye izindawo zendawo yazo yemvelo, zingabonakala kakade ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari. Lezi zinyoni zindiza zibheke eningizimu ngemihlambi emikhulu, bese zibuya ngamaqembu amancane, inani labantu elingadluli izingcezu ezingamashumi amabili.
Kunezidingo eziningi ezibekwa phambili lapho kuzokwakhiwa khona amadada e-merganser. Bakhetha ukwakha "izindlu" zabo ezintabeni noma emahlathini, kude nabantu. Kodwa kwesinye isikhathi izidleke zalezi zinyoni zingatholakala kwezinye izindawo. Okunye futhi okudingekayo ukuba khona kwechibi eliseduze noma umfula onamanzi ahlanzekile nenqwaba yezinhlanzi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba amadada achitha cishe lonke usuku lwawo ebusweni bamanzi. Lapho baphumula khona, bathamele ilanga futhi bazingele izinhlanzi, okuyisisekelo sokudla kwabo kwansuku zonke.
Ngokwemvelo, la madada awahlukaniswa ngesimo somusa nesokujabula kakhulu. Ziyizinyoni ezingathí sina, okunzima ukuxhumana nezinye izilwane nabantu. Kodwa-ke, emazweni amaningi, lezi zinyoni zasendle zisaluliswa ngokuzondla ngesinkwa. Idada le-merganser liwumndeni. Uchitha isikhathi esiningi nezingane zakhe, azinakekele kahle. Uma kunengozi, le nyoni ingamxosha kalula umuntu owonile othathe isinqumo sokudla amadada amancane noma amaqanda afiselekayo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Amaphuphu wamadada aseMerganser
Idada le-merganser liyisilwane somndeni. Lapho befika ebusheni, bayabhangqa. Ukuvuthwa kwenzeka cishe ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila kwale nyoni. Izithandani zamadada zakha izidleke zazo otshanini obude kakhulu, emifantwini, ezakhiweni ezilahliwe nezingasasebenzi kahle, emigodini yezihlahla. Kwesinye isikhathi izidleke ze-merganser zazitholwa nasezinsaleleni ezigqwalile zezimoto. Amadada abeka izidleke zawo ebangeni elingaphezu kwekhilomitha elilodwa ukusuka echibini ukuze akwazi njalo ukufika emanzini ngokushesha futhi abe nesidlwana.
Ama-mergansers amancane amboza izidleke zawo nge-fluff. Amadada azalela amaqanda ayisithupha kuya kwayishumi nesishiyagalombili kuwo. Amadada kufanele achamisele amaqanda cishe izinsuku ezingamashumi amane. Lokhu kwenziwa ngabesifazane kuphela. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa bahlala ngokuhlukile emindenini yabo. Lesi sikhathi yisikhathi sokuncibilika kwabo. Insikazi ayivamile ukushiya isidleke. Ukuzingela nokudla nje. Isikhathi esisele ufukamela amatshwele akhe esikhathi esizayo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Endle, i-merganser ingaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu. Izinhlobo zokuhlala zihlala isikhathi eside - cishe iminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa.
Amachwane achanyuselwa phansi. Zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Zichitha izinsuku ezimbalwa esidlekeni, ngemuva kwalokho zihambe nonina ziye emanzini. Kakade osukwini lwesine noma lwesihlanu ngemuva kokuzalwa, amadada amancane aqala ukubhukuda. Ngosuku lweshumi nambili, amadada asevele eseqala ukudoba ngokwawo. Babheka futhi babambe izinhlanzi ezincane, gazinga. Amadada adinga isikhathi esithe xaxa sokufunda ukundiza. Imvamisa kuthatha cishe izinsuku ezingamashumi ayisithupha nanhlanu ngaphambi kwendiza yokuqala.
Izitha zemvelo zamadada e-merganser
Isithombe: Idada le-Merganser
Idada le-merganser aliyona inyamazane elula yezitha zemvelo. Inobukhulu obukhulu, uqhwaku olubukhali, amazinyo abukhali. Uyakwazi ukuzivikela yena nenzalo yakhe. Kodwa-ke, amadada awahlali ekwazi ukunqoba umphikisi.
Phakathi kwezitha zemvelo eziyingozi kakhulu ze-merganser yilezi:
- izimpungushe nezinja ze-raccoon. Lezi zilwane zidla izidleke zezinyoni, zizingele futhi zidle abantu abadala. Zilandelela izidleke ze-merganser ngephunga;
- izinyoni ezizingelayo. Ingozi enkulu ibangelwa amagwababa echobana, oklebe, izinkumbi ezinkulu, izinkozi, izikhova zokhozi, izimpisi. Lezi zilwane zivame ukuhlasela ama-merganser amancane noma amadada;
- ama-otter, ama-mink, ama-martens, amakati asendle. Lezi zidliwayo zibulala ama-mergansers kaningi, ngoba kubo idada elingamakhilogremu amabili liba isisulu esingabekezeleleki;
- ezinye ezihuquzelayo. Lezi zilwane zidla kakhulu amaqanda namadada amancane, kanti unina uzithatha aziyele echibini.
Ezinye izinhlobo zamadada zibulawa izinhlanzi ezinkulu. Izinhlanzi ezinjalo azivamisile ukuhlaselwa ngabahlanganisi. Lolu hlobo lwamadada luhlupheka kakhulu kubantu. Abantu basazingela abahlanganisi basendle futhi bababulale ngobuningi babo. Cishe wonke umzingeli uphupha isisulu esinjalo, ngoba amadada e-merganser mahle kakhulu. Ukuzingela okunjalo kuholele ekwehlisweni okukhulu kwesibalo sabahlanganisi kuyo yonke indawo yemvelo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Libukeka kanjani idada le-merganser
Idada le-merganser luhlobo olungajwayelekile. Yize umphakathi uzinzile, iningi lalezi zinhlobo zezinyoni lisengozini. Emazweni amaningi, idada libonakala lisengozini, lifakwe ohlwini lweRed Book.
Siyini isizathu sokunyamalala kohlobo? Izazi zemvelo nezinye izazi zesayensi zikhomba izinto eziningana ezithinta kabi inani labahlanganisi.
It:
- ukudubula okungalawulwa ngabazingeli. Ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa nokuvikelwa kwalezi zinyoni, ukudutshulwa kwama-mergansers kuyaqhubeka. Lokhu kuholela ekwehliseni okukhulu kwesibalo sezilwane;
- Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi. Impilo ende, i-merganser idinga amanzi ahlanzekile nenhlanzi. Imizimba yamanzi emazweni amaningi ingcoliswe kakhulu, futhi kuncane futhi kuncane ukudla kwamadada. Izinga lokudla nalo liyahlupheka, okuthinta kabi impilo yezinyoni;
- ukugawulwa kwamahlathi. Izinhlobo eziningi ze-merganser zihlala emahlathini aseduze nemizimba yamanzi. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kwenza kube nzima ngezinyoni ukwakha izidleke nokuzala;
- umsebenzi womuntu osebenzayo. Abantu bangcolisa umoya, inhlabathi, futhi bathuthukise imvelo yasendle ngenkuthalo.
Zonke lezi zinto ezingenhla ziholela ekwehlisweni okuhamba kancane kodwa okuqinisekile kwenani labahlanganisi. Futhi, iningi lala madada liyafa ngesikhathi sezindiza ezinde. Amadada ahlala isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Ukuvikelwa kwamadada ahlanganisiwe
Isithombe: Idada le-Merganser elivela eRed Book
Uhlobo lwe-merganser alunakubizwa ngokuthi luningi, kepha inani lakhona labantu lizinzile impela. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo zamadada anjalo zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa, zibhalwe kuRed Data Books zamazwe amaningi futhi zidinga ukuvikelwa. Ama-Scaly nama-Brazilian mergansers ayizinhlobo ezingandile nezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Amadada amakhulu namakhala amade aphume engozini namuhla, agcina inani labantu elanele kuyo yonke insimu yendawo yabo yemvelo.
Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zithathwa ukuvikela amadada ahlanganisiwe nokubuyisa inani lawo eliphezulu labantu:
- ukuqapha njalo. Ososayensi basibhekisisa isimo samanje sezinto, balandelela inani lamadada nesimo sabo sempilo. Kufundwa izici ezingathinta kabi inani lalezi zinyoni;
- ukwakhiwa kwamapaki avikelwe. Kumadada anjalo, amapaki akhethekile adalwa anazo zonke izimo ezidingekayo. Lapho, izinyoni zingaphansi kokuvikela okuthembekile ubusuku nemini;
ukuzalanisa izinyoni ekuthunjweni.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Ngeshwa, ezinye izinhlobo ze-merganser sezivele zingasekho. Ngakho-ke, i-merganser yase-Auckland manje isibonakala emnyuziyamu kuphela. Izimbuzi zasendle, amakati nezingulube kufanele zibekwe icala ngokufa kwakhe.
Idada le-Merganser - indalo eyingqayizivele nenhle kakhulu yemvelo. Lezi zinyoni zamanzi zinombala ogqamile ongajwayelekile nemikhuba ethokozisayo. Zihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo eziningana, ngayinye ehlukile ngendlela yayo. Iningi lezinhlobo ze-merganser manje lisengozini, ngakho umsebenzi wabantu ukuwavikela nokusiza ukubuyisa inani labantu.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 09.09.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 11.11.2019 ngo-12: 16
