Emuva ezikhathini zasendulo ijuba lofudu kwakubhekwa njengophawu lothando, ubumsulwa, ukuthula. Le nyoni enomusa enomlingiswa onelukuluku ayitholakali emgwaqweni kuphela, kodwa nasendaweni yokuhlala yabantu - yathatha enye yezindawo eziyinhloko ohlwini lwezilwane ezifuywayo. Ngenxa yengaphandle lalo elihehayo, ihobhe-juba lijwayelekile kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemincintiswano nemibukiso yamajuba.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Gorlitsa
I-Turtle Dove iyinhlobo yezinyoni ezivela emndenini omncane wamajuba. Igama layo lihunyushwe lisuselwa esiGrekini sasendulo ngokuthi "ijuba elinomgexo."
Umndeni omncane we-turtledove uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezi-16 ezihlukene futhi ezingu-5 kuphela zazo ezitholakala eRussia:
- ijuba eliboshiwe;
- ezejwayelekile;
- umsila omfushane;
- enkulu;
- ijuba elincane.
Ividiyo: Gorlitsa
Zonke izinhlobo eziyi-16 zakha iqembu lezinyoni elifana ncamashi nezici ezifanayo. Izihlobo eziseduze zamajuba namajuba kwakungu-dodo, ezaqothuka ngekhulu le-17 ngenxa yephutha lomuntu. Ngaso sonke isikhathi, abacwaningi bathole izinsalela ezimbalwa kakhulu zezinsalela zezinyoni. Kwakukholelwa ukuthi amajuba, njengawo wonke amajuba, anezibopho zomndeni ezinopholi kanye nezihlahla zesihlabathi. Kodwa-ke, emuva kwesikhathi, ngemuva kokuhlaziywa ngokuphelele kochungechunge lokuziphendukela kwemvelo, abacwaningi bavuma ukuthi isizathu sokufana kwangaphandle kwalezi zinyoni kwakuwukuziphendukela kwemvelo okuguqukayo, imikhuba yokudla efanayo, hhayi ukuvela okuvamile.
Amajuba amajuba, amajuba asendle afuywa eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-5 000 eyedlule. Ezinye izinhlobo zazalelwa izinhloso zokuhlobisa kuphela, kanti ezinye zathola ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo. Ukushiwo kokuqala kwalezi zinyoni kwatholakala emibhalweni engcwele lapho kuchazwa uzamcolo womhlaba wonke.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ihobhe elihlekayo liyinyoni eboshiwe futhi ayaziwa emvelweni.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Libukeka kanjani ijuba lofudu
Ijuba lofudu liyinyoni ecishe ifane nejuba elijwayelekile ledwala, kodwa elinomusa ngokwengeziwe, elinombala ohlukile ohlotsheni ngalunye. Ngokuya ngokuhlukahluka, ubude bomzimba womuntu omdala bungafinyelela kumasentimitha angama-23-35, kanti isisindo siyi-120-300 gram. Ijuba lofudu lihlukile kunjuba hhayi ngobuhle balo kuphela, kodwa nasemsileni walo oyindilinga nangezidladla ezibomvu.
Izimpaphe zomzimba ongaphezulu wehobhevu ovamile zinombala onsundu, ezinye izimpaphe zinemiphetho emhlophe, enombala we-beige. Intamo yale nyoni ihlotshiswe ngemigqa emnyama nemhlophe, efana kakhulu nomgexo. Ama-Turtle Doves yizinyoni ezintsha ze-Palatine futhi umhlathi wazo ongaphezulu ungahamba ngokukhululeka ngokuhambisana nalo lonke ugebhezi. Umbala wamehlo uhlanganiswe nezimpaphe, kungaba mnyama noma mnyama obomvu.
Izici zokubonakala kwezinye izinhlobo zamajuba:
- ihobhe elikhulu lingummeleli omkhulu walolu hlobo. Isilinganiso sobude bomzimba sabantu abadala singama-34-35 cm, kanti isisindo singama-gramu angama-300. Kulula ukubona ijuba elikhulu ngomzimba waso onsundu ongaphezulu nasesiswini esibomvana. Umgexo omnyama nomhlophe ubuyiselwe emuva ngokuqinile;
- i-ringed - lolu hlobo lunomsila omude, ongalingana nengxenye yobude bomzimba bese ufinyelela ku-14-16 cm. Umbala obomvana obomvana wekhanda, wentamo nesifuba uhlanganiswe nomhlane ompunga. Umgexo wejuba elikhanyayo ukhanya kakhulu;
- idayimane - lihlala e-Australia kuphela, kanti eRussia ligcinwa kuphela ekhaya. Lokhu kuhluka kuncane ngosayizi - cishe amasentimitha angama-20 ngesisindo esingeqile kumagremu angama-50. Izimpaphe zinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokuhlakazeka kwamabala amhlophe, kanti uhlangothi olungaphandle lwamaphiko ludwetshwe mpunga omnyama;
- i-dimorphism yezocansi ayifane nejuba, kwesinye isikhathi kuphela abesilisa baba ngosayizi abakhulu.
Ihlala kuphi ihobhe?
Isithombe: Ijuba lofudu eRussia
Amajuba amaFudu asakazeke emhlabeni wonke. Bahlala kulo lonke elase-Eurasia, e-Afrika, ezinye izinhlobo zalethwa e-Australia, eMelika futhi zaphumelela lapho. Eminyakeni eyikhulu eyedlule, ijuba elineminwe selikhulise kakhulu indawo elihlala kuyo futhi liyaqhubeka nokuhlala ezindaweni ezintsha, lincamela ukubukeka kwe-anthropogenic.
Indawo ehlala ijuba lofudu incike ohlotsheni lwayo: ibala, iringe, ijuba elikhulu lofudu nezinye izinhlobo eziningana zithanda ukuhlala emapaki asedolobheni, ezigcawini, ezindlini eziphakeme zezakhiwo zokuhlala eziseduze nabantu, kepha zitholakala emahlathini. Ngejuba elincane, idolobha ukuphela kwendawo yokuhlala, alesabi bantu, kulula kakhulu ukuluthambisa.
I-Emerald, i-turtledove yasendle, ama-Afrika ahlala kuphela emahlathini ahlabayo noma axubekile kude nezindawo zokuhlala. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lezi zinyoni zikwazi ukufinyelela mahhala kunoma iyiphi indawo yamanzi. Abamele indawo yasenyakatho yokuhlala ebusika e-Afrika, ikakhulukazi eSahara nasendaweni yaseSudan. Amajuba ahlala emazweni anesimo sezulu esifudumele awenzi ukufuduka minyaka yonke futhi aqhubeke nokuhlala phansi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ezinye izinhlobo zamajuba ezihlala ezindaweni zokuhlala zivame ukubeka izidleke zazo ngqo emarobhothini, ezigxotsheni phakathi kwemigwaqo yedolobha ematasa futhi aziwesabi nakancane umsindo womgwaqo.
Ludlani ufudu?
Isithombe: Ihobhe lenyoni
Phakathi kwamajuba ofudu kukhona abadla inyama kuphela futhi abathanda ukudla okuxubekile.
Ukudla okujwayelekile kwalezi zinyoni kungafaka:
- izinhlobo eziningi zezinambuzane, kufaka phakathi izimuncagazi eziyingozi kubantu nasezilwaneni;
- ama-invertebrate amancane, izibungu zezinambuzane;
- i-hemp, ukolweni, okusanhlamvu kwe-buckwheat;
- imbewu ye-alder, i-birch, ezinye izihlahla nezihlahla.
Into ebabazekayo yezinhlobo eziningi zalezi zinyoni ubhekilanga. Izimfudu zingadala ingozi enkulu ezitshalweni, zikhiphe ngokuphelele imbewu kubhasikidi balesi sitshalo esidliwe uwoyela. Ezinye izinhlamvu ziqoqwa yizinyoni kuphela ebusweni bomhlaba, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa izitshalo uqobo. Yize iqiniso lokuthi amahobhe ngezinye izikhathi angahlasela izitshalo zikabhekilanga, ayakwazi nokusiza abalimi ngokukhotha imbewu yokhula "oluminyanisa" izilimo.
Lapho zizalanisa ekhejini lomoya ovulekile, izinyoni azithobeki ekudleni futhi azihluki ngokukhethekile ukuminza, kepha zidinga umthamo wamanzi owanele ukuphuza nsuku zonke, ngoba ngaphandle kwazo azikwazi ukubamba ngisho nosuku.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Phakathi kwabantu baseSlavic, ukuvela kwejuba lofudu eduze komuzi kuthathwa njengophawu oluhle, oluthembisa isisombululo esisheshayo kuzo zonke izinkinga ezikhona. Amajuba ayephinde abe yizinyoni zokuqala, futhi hhayi ijuba elijwayelekile.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ijuba Lofudu Oluvamile
Lezi zinyoni zepharadesi zibhekwa njengophawu lothando nokwethembeka ngesizathu. Njengoba sebenze umbhangqwana, ama-turtlenecks ahlala ethembekile kumlingani wabo impilo yabo yonke. Ezinye izinhlobo zalezi zinyoni, ngemuva kokufa "komlingani", azikaze zixhumane nabanye abalingani futhi zenqabe ukuqhubeka nohlobo.
Amajuba ahlukaniswa ngokungaguquguquki ekukhetheni indawo yokubeka amaqanda. Zibuyela esidlekeni esisodwa unyaka nonyaka, kepha ngombandela wokuthi izidumbu azikwazi ukufinyelela kuso. Bobabili abazali bachamisela amaphuphu. Izinhlobo ezifudukayo zamahobhevu ngasekupheleni kwehlobo noma ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba zifudukela ezwenikazi lase-Afrika ngamaqembu amancane abantu abangamashumi amabili nambili, bese zibuya ngoMeyi kuphela.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Onke amajuba ayizikhulumi ezinkulu. Bahlala bekhala, behamba, behleka, benza imisindo eyahlukahlukene, kepha bahlala bekwenza kakhulu kakhulu. Lesi sici singenye yezinto ezimbalwa ezincishisiwe kokuqukethwe kwazo kwasekhaya.
IGorlinki izwela kakhulu ekucindezelekeni. Uma wethusa inyoni ehlala endaweni yezinyoni, khona-ke izoshaya ikosi ngamandla ukuze kungalimali ukulimala. Futhi azikwazi ukukhishwa ekhejini ukuze zikwazi ukundiza ngokukhululeka zizungeze igumbi, ngoba ngenxa yengcindezi ziqala ukundiza ngejubane elikhulu zishaye izingcezu zefenisha nezindonga. Endaweni yazo yemvelo, izinyoni zinomoya opholile.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ijuba Elihlanganisiwe
Ngenkathi eyodwa, ihobhe lingenza imvuthu eminingi yamaqanda ayi-1-2, ikakhulukazi labo bantu abahlala ezindaweni ezifudumele. Isikhathi sokufukamela kwalezi zinyoni side. Imvamisa kwenzeka ukuthi eminye imibhangqwana isivele ichamisela amaqanda, kanti abanye baqala nje ukwakha isidleke. Lezi zinyoni zakha onqenqemeni lwehlathi, emabhaneni asehlathini, emapaki.
Izidleke zazo eziyizicaba nezingaqinile kakhulu zivame ukutholakala emagatsheni ezihlahla, phakathi kwezimpande zawo, ehlathini, kepha kungahle kube nezindawo ezingalindelekile ngokuphelele - isibani, uthango noma irobhothi. Ngokwakhiwa kwawo, amahobhe asebenzisa izinkuni zokuxubha, utshani, futhi edolobheni kungaba ngisho nocingo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayoIzidleke zofudu azakhiwa minyaka yonke, zikhetha ukusebenzisa eyodwa iminyaka eminingi ilandelana. Ngonyaka ngamunye wokuxhashazwa, izidleke ziyaqina, njengoba ubulongwe bamachwane busebenza njengosimende.
Umbhangqwana oshadile wofudu ufukamela amaqanda ngokulandelana izinsuku eziyi-14-16. Amachwane abonakala engenakuzisiza ngalutho. Abazali babanakekela isikhathi eside futhi bazivikele ngokungazideli, bengashiyi isidleke kuze kube sekupheleni ngisho nasengozini enkulu. Intsha ivame ukufika ephikweni ngasekupheleni kwesonto lesithathu lempilo, khona-ke amaphuphu azimela ngokuzimela. Zibutheleka ezihlanjini zabantu abayi-8-10 futhi zikulungele ukuzala ngonyaka.
Izitha zemvelo zejuba lofudu
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani ukhozi
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, amahobhe aphila iminyaka engaba ngu-6-7 kanti imvamisa afela kuzipho noma emihlathini yezilwane ezizingelayo.
Banezitha eziningi:
- cishe zonke izinyoni ezidla inyama;
- izimpungushe, izinja, amakati nezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye ezingazingela abantu abadala kanye nezilwane ezisencane, zihlasela izidleke.
Ezinye izinhlobo zamajuba zingaphansi kokuzingelwa. Inani elikhulu lamachwane lifa ngesonto lokuqala ngemuva kokuzalwa. Zivame ukuwa ezidlekeni zazo, futhi njengoba zingazi ukundiza, ziba isisulu somuntu futhi abazali bazo abakwazi ukubasiza nganoma iyiphi indlela. Kungenxa yesilinganiso esiphansi sokusinda kwezilwane ezisencane okwenza amajuba amaningi afeze hhayi eyodwa, kepha abamba imvimbo eminingi ngesizini ngayinye.
Umuntu angabizwa nangesitha salezi zinyoni zepharadesi. Emashumini amaningi eminyaka, ezinye izinhlobo zamajuba ziye zazingelwa ngenkuthalo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zazo zobusika, lapho zazindiza khona ngobuningi bazo. Umsebenzi womnotho womuntu nawo unomthelela omubi kubantu bawo. Amasimu alashwa ngamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene, futhi njengoba okusanhlamvu kuyingxenye yokudla okuvamile kwalezi zinyoni, yizo ezihlupheka kuqala.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ezimweni ezenziwe ngobuqili, amajuba angaphila kuze kufike eminyakeni engamashumi amabili ubudala futhi ahlala enikeza inzalo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ukhozi nyoni
Maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, inani lamajuba aseRussia lalinganiselwa yizazi zezinyoni kubantu abayisigidi esingu-1.7-2.9, kanti namuhla isibalo sazo sehle ngaphezu kwesigamu. Kwezinye izifunda zezwe, kutholakala amapheya ambalwa kuphela alezi zinyoni. Yize ukwehla okusheshayo okuyinhlekelele kwenani lamahobhe, bekungakafakwa kwiRed Book yaseRussia, kepha kuvikelwe kuphela ezifundeni eziningi. Ochwepheshe bakhala i-alamu, bezama ukudonsela ukunaka kuleyo nkinga. IFudu Juba limenyezelwe nangokuthi liyinyoni yango-2019.
Ngokusho kwezazi zezinyoni, ukuze kugcinwe inani labantu, amahobhe adinga ukuzala amachwane amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi ngenxa yalokhu kudingekile ukudala izimo ezithandekayo ezindaweni zawo zokwakha izidleke. Lezi zinhlobo kufanele zivikelwe ngokuqinile ezindaweni ezibandayo eRussia, futhi kufanele kuvulwe ukuvinjelwa kwamahobhe okudubula kuze kube yilapho amanani azo eyeka ukwehla ngesilinganiso esethusayo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Abaqaphi bezinyoni bamemezela ukungamukeleka kokuwela izinhlobo zasendle zejuba kanye namajuba asekhaya, njengoba ubudlelwane buzoholela ekuguqulweni okuyingozi okunomphumela obulalayo. Izinyoni zakha ngazimbili zodwa futhi asikho isidingo sokuphazamisa le nqubo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, impilo yejuba lasendle yinde kakhulu kunaleyo yamajuba, okusho ukuthi amatshwele awo angalushintsha ngokuphelele lonke uhlelo lofuzo, olungathandeki neze.
Ihobhe Iyinyoni engavamile enomlando omuhle. Wayejabulela inhlonipho ekhethekile izinkulungwane eziningi zeminyaka, kepha namuhla lesi sidalwa esithanda ukuthula sisengozini. Ihobhe belilokhu lisondele njalo kumuntu, nokuthi lokhu kuzoqhubeka yini kuxhomeke esizukulwaneni sethu nasemizamweni yethu yokulivikela.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/17/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 17.08.2019 ngo-21: 42
