Abaningi bezwile ngentaka encane yezingoma njenge i-oriole ejwayelekile, kepha umbono wokubukeka kwakhe awucacile. Isithombe se-oriole esivamile sikhulu kakhulu, sigqamile futhi sicebile, futhi ama-roulades enziwa ngaye amane enza ukuba kube mnandi futhi kuthuthukise. Sizoqonda ngokuningiliziwe impilo yalezi zinyoni ezimangalisayo, singanaki nje kuphela izici zangaphandle, kodwa nomlingiswa, imikhuba kanye nezindawo eziyizintandokazi.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Common Oriole
I-Oriole ezejwayelekile - inyoni yengoma esezingeni eliphakathi nendawo yomndeni wegama elifanayo i-oriole, ukuhleleka kwabaphasayo nohlobo lwe-oriole. I-Oriole ibonakala ngezimpaphe ezinamanzi futhi ezikhanyayo. Nguye kuphela omele umndeni wakhe omkhulu okhethe i-hemisphere esenyakatho enesimo sezulu esipholile.
Ividiyo: I-Common Oriole
Mayelana nemvelaphi yegama lenyoni, kunenguqulo ephathelene negama lesayensi lale nyoni kanye nenguqulo ehlobene negama lenyoni yaseRussia. NgesiLatin, le nyoni yathola igama elithi Oriolus, elivela egameni elithi "aureolus", elihunyushwe lisuselwa kwelesiLatini ngokuthi "igolide", ngokusobala, igama lesayensi lale nyoni lichaza umbala wezimpaphe zayo. Mayelana negama lesiRussia "i-Oriole", kukhona iziphakamiso ukuthi livela emagameni "umswakama" nelithi "vologa". AmaSlav ayenenkolelo yokuthi ukuvela kwe-oriole kungenxa yokuthi isimo sezulu sizoshintsha sibe nemvula.
Phakathi kwezazi ze-ornithologists, kunombono wendabuko wokuthi izihlobo eziseduze zomndeni we-oriole yilezi:
- ama-corvids;
- i-drong;
- amapheshana;
- inkanyezi.
Ubukhulu be-oriole budlula kancane ubukhulu benkanyezi, ubude bomzimba onoboya bungamasentimitha angama-25, kanti isisindo siyahluka kusuka kuma-gramu angama-50 kuye kwangama-90 anamaphiko angama-45 cm.
- o. i-kundoo Sykes yehlukile kwenye i-subspecies ngokuthi uphaphe lwendiza lwesibili lwenyoni lulingana nolwesihlanu, futhi kukhona ichashaza elimnyama ngemuva kweso, izimpaphe zomsila zangaphandle nazo zimnyama. Lezi zinhlayiya zikhethwe yi-Asia Ephakathi, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan;
- o. i-oriolus Linnaeus ibonakala ngokuthi uphaphe lwesibili oluphaphe lude kunolwesihlanu, ayikho indawo emnyama ngemuva kweso, izimpaphe zomsila zangaphandle zimnyama. Le nyoni ihlala eYurophu, ezwenikazi i-Afrika, eKazakhstan, eSiberia naseNdiya.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Inyoni ejwayelekile i-Oriole
Umehluko kwabobulili ku-oriole ejwayelekile ubonakala ngombala wezinyoni. Abesilisa babukeka begqamile futhi beba namandla ngokwengeziwe, umbala wabo ubuswa i-hue yegolide ephuzi enamanzi enomsila omnyama ohlukile kanye namaphiko. Futhi, izimpiko nomsila zihighwe ngendlela yamachashaza aphuzi. Kukhona umugqa omnyama osuka emlonyeni kuya endaweni yamehlo; ubude bawo buncike kuma-subspecies anezimpaphe. Umbala wabesifazane uphuzi ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka engxenyeni ephezulu ye-dorsal futhi mhlophe ngezansi, lapho kubonakala khona imijondolo emnyama yobude obude. Izimpiko zinombala ompunga ngokuluhlaza okotshani.
Umzimba we-oriole ovamile umude. Umlomo onamandla wobude obanele ubonakala kahle ekhanda, upendwe ngethoni ebomvu ngokubomvu. Iris yeso ezinyonini nayo inombala obomvu. Amajita afana nokubukeka kwabesifazane, umbala wawo awufiphele ngokugqama kwemithunzi emnyama nokuhlukahluka engxenyeni yesisu. Ukundiza kwale nyoni kuyashesha futhi kwehliswa, ijubane layo elijwayelekile liyahluka kusuka kumakhilomitha angama-40 kuye kwangama-45 ngehora. Ezindaweni ezivulekile, izinyoni zivela njalo, zikhetha ukuba semagatsheni aluhlaza nasakazekayo ezihlahla.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-oriole ejwayelekile engahlaliseki ingafinyelela ngejubane eliphakeme kakhulu ngesikhathi sendiza, ifinyelela kumakhilomitha angama-70 ngehora.
Izinhlobonhlobo ebangeni lomsindo we-oriole ejwayelekile ziyamangalisa. Ama-roulade wokucula we-oriole ejwayelekile afana nemisindo ye-iridescent yomtshingo, ejabulisa indlebe. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi inyoni ayibabazi ngokuvumelana kakhulu, engemnandi kangako. I-oriole ejwayelekile ingaveza amanothi amancane, futhi i-meows efana nekati imemezela usongo oluzayo.
Ihlala kuphi i-oriole ejwayelekile?
Isithombe: I-Common Oriole ngokwemvelo
I-oriole ejwayelekile isakazeke kabanzi. Izinyoni zithanda isimo sezulu esipholile, zigwema amazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu futhi aphezulu, ezingazibekezeleli, ngenxa yalokhu, zihlala kakhulu enyakatho Nenkabazwe.
Inani elikhulu lalezi zinyoni likhethe ubukhulu beYurophu, bahlala:
- IPoland;
- IBelarus;
- Sweden;
- IFinland;
- ERussia.
I-oriole ejwayelekile ingatholakala naseningizimu yeNgilandi, esiqhingini saseScilly. Izinombolo ezincane zezinyoni zihlala eMadeira nase-Azores. Ama-Orioles ayivelakancane eziQhingini zaseBrithani.
Ama-orioles ajwayelekile abhalisiwe nasezindaweni zase-Asia, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni zawo ezisentshonalanga. Ungabona izinyoni eNtshonalanga Sayan, eBangladesh, eNdiya. Izinyoni zezingoma ziyathanda ukuhlala esigodini saseYenisei. I-oriole ejwayelekile iyinyoni efudukayo, izinyoni kuphela ezihlala eNdiya azenzi izindiza ezinde, ngokusobala ngenxa yezimo zezulu ezifanele.
Ama-Orioles ajwayelekile athanda ukuhlala emahlathini ahlabayo, lapho umswakama uphakeme impela. Bathanda i-birch, poplar kanye ne-willow groves. Lapho isimo sezulu esishisayo sikhona, bahlala ezindaweni ezinomthunzi eduze nemifula, lapho kunabula khona izihlahlana eziminyene. Izinyoni zichitha isikhathi sabo esiningi emiqhele yamagatsha, lapho zizizwa zivikeleke kakhulu. Endaweni enezintaba, ungahlangana ne-Oriole, kepha lokhu kwenzeka ngokungavamile.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ama-Orioles awagwemi abantu, ajwayele ukuhlala eduze nezindawo zokuhlala abantu, amapaki, izingadi kanye nebhande lehlathi eliseceleni komgwaqo.
Yini edliwa i-oriole ejwayelekile?
Isithombe: I-Common Oriole eRussia
Imenyu ye-oriole ejwayelekile incike esifundeni lapho izinyoni zihlala khona, inkathi, isikhathi esithile sosuku kanye nezinhlobo ezincane zezinyoni. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, iqukethe zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane, ohlwini lwazo kukhona lezo ezondla kuphela ama-orioles ajwayelekile kanye namakhukhamba.
Mayelana nezinambuzane, ukudla okulula kwe-oriole:
- izimvemvane;
- amabhungane ezihlahla ahlukahlukene;
- izicabucabu;
- omiyane;
- amacimbi;
- ojekamanzi.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: Ama-Oriole ajwayelekile asiza kakhulu izihlahla ngokudla amacimbi anoboya, adala umonakalo omkhulu ezimileni. Ngenxa yezinwele ezinobuthi, ezinye izinyoni azizifaki ekudleni.
I-oriole ingabamba isidlo sayo ngqo endizeni; izinyoni zithola izinambuzane ezithile emiqhele eminyene. Ngaphansi kwamandla alezi zinyoni ukukhipha isidlo sasemini ngaphansi kwegxolo, ngoba zinemilomo enamandla futhi ekhombe. Izinambuzane zingenza cishe amaphesenti angama-90 ako konke ukudla okudliwayo ngosuku, kuya ngesizini.
Lapho isivuno sesivuthiwe, inani elanele lezithelo namajikijolo liyavela kwimenyu yezinyoni:
- ama-cherries;
- amagilebhisi;
- inyoni cherry;
- ama-currants;
- amakhiwane;
- amabhilikosi;
- amapheya.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi i-oriole ejwayelekile iyisiminzi kakhulu, idla inyoni encane. Ukwanda okuphawulekayo kwesifiso kubonakala kuphela ngenkathi yomshado. Ngalesi sikhathi, kusetshenziswa ojekamanzi abakhulu, izindlebe, nezimbungulu zehlathi. Kuyinto engavamile kakhulu, kodwa kusenzeka ukuthi ama-orioles avamile abhubhise izidleke zezinyoni ezincane (ama-flycatchers, redstart). Imvamisa, i-oriole ejwayelekile ithatha ukudla ngezikhathi zasekuseni kuphela, sonke isikhathi ihileleke ezindabeni ezibalulekile zezinyoni, kepha kwesinye isikhathi nayo ingabulala isibungu.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Owesifazane wase-Common Oriole
Ama-Orioles ajwayelekile ahlala eYurophu ngokuvamile abuya ebusika engxenyeni yokuqala kaMeyi. Abokuqala ukufika ngabesilisa, bezama ukuhlala ezindaweni zabo zakuqala zokuhlala. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, izinsikazi nazo ziyakhuphuka. Ngaphandle kwenkathi yomshado, ama-orioles ajwayelekile akhetha ukuhlala yedwa, yize kunemibhangqwana enezimpaphe engahlukaniseki impilo yabo yonke. Ama-orioles ajwayelekile azama ukugwema izikhala ezivulekile ngokwenza izindiza ezimfushane phakathi kwezihlahla, ngakho-ke akuvamile ukubona i-oriole ehlathini. Ungamazi kuphela ngokucula kwakhe.
Yize i-oriole ejwayelekile ishesha kakhulu futhi ishesha, ilwela impilo ezolile futhi elinganisiwe esigqokweni segatsha, igwema ukuphikisana ngokweqile. I-oriole ejwayelekile iyinyoni enokuthula nenobungane engesabi indawo yabantu. Imvamisa, le nyoni iyazigcina ihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni, ngoba ayithandi ukungenelela. Umlingiswa onolaka wase-Oriole angazibonakalisa kuphela lapho othile esongela inzalo yakhe noma iklatshi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ama-Orioles athanda ukubhukuda, athanda kakhulu amanzi, ngoba awuniki nje kuphela umphumela wokupholisa, kepha futhi ajabulisa kakhulu lezi zinyoni. Lokhu kukhombisa ukufana kwazo nezinkonjane.
Njengoba sekushiwo, akunakwenzeka ukucabanga nge-oriole esehlathini (inyoni icasha ngokukhula okuminyene), kepha ungayithanda ezindaweni zezingadi nezindawo zepaki. Ama-Orioles awasabi abantu futhi ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zihlala eduze nezindawo zokuhlala zabantu ngokuphelele. Izimo eziyinhloko zokuphila kwazo kwezinyoni ezingenamafu ukutholakala kokudla okwanele nomthombo wamanzi eduze.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ichwane le-Common Oriole
Isikhathi sokukhwelana asikwazi ukubizwa kusenesikhathi, ngoba ama-orioles ajwayelekile abuya ebusika lapho amahlamvu aluhlaza asevele ekhona yonke indawo. Isikhathi esiqondile sokuqala kwaso kunzima ukusinquma, ngoba ubude besikhathi buyahlukahluka kuye ngesifunda. Abagibeli bezimoto zamahhashi bazama ngazo zonke izindlela ukuzibonisa phambi kwabesifazane, akusizi ngalutho ukuthi banemvunulo ebabazekayo. Abakhwenyana bezimpaphe zothando bazama ukunakekela izintokazi kahle, begcwele ama-trill emilodi. Kwesinye isikhathi izimpi zomshado zenzeka phakathi kwabanumzane, ngoba abakhwenyana banomona omkhulu futhi abavikele ngokucophelela hhayi kuphela umlingani wabo, kepha futhi nensimu ehlala kuyo. Lezi zinyoni zingabizwa ngokuthi zizodwa, ngoba imvamisa imibhangqwana yenzelwe impilo yonke.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngesikhathi sonyaka womshado, abesilisa bacula ngokungakhathali, kepha isikhathi esithe xaxa lokhu kwenzeka ngokungavamile kakhulu, imvamisa lapho izinga lomswakama likhuphuka, ngakho-ke, babhekwa njengezichasiso zemvula.
Ngemuva kokuthi ukwazile ukuzuza inhliziyo yomlingani wakho, sekuyisikhathi sokubheka indawo eyimfihlo yokuzalela izidleke bese uqala ukuyakha. Izidleke ezijwayelekile ze-orioles eziphakeme emagatsheni, zikhetha imfoloko yazo evundlile etholakala kude neziqu. Isidleke senyoni sibukeka njengobhasikidi we-wicker ongesikhulu kakhulu. Izisekelo zokuthwala zesakhiwo zinamathiselwe ngokucophelela kwimfoloko esihlahleni kusetshenziswa amathe azo. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuqala ukwelukwa kwezindonga zangaphandle, okuqukethe imicu yezitshalo, imicu, iziqu zotshani, amahlamvu omile, izinwele zezilwane, imifece yezinambuzane, ubulembu, amagxolo e-birch. Ukusuka ngaphakathi, izinyoni ziklelisa isidleke zisebenzisa phansi, ubulembu, ubulembu nezimpaphe.
Ukwakhiwa nokuhlelwa kwesidleke kuthatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto, bese kuthi owesifazane aqale ukubeka amaqanda. I-clutch iqukethe amaqanda ama-3 - 4, anombala opinki noma o-creamy onama-burgundy specks angavamile egobolondweni. Isikhathi sokufukamela sithatha cishe amasonto amabili, sonke lesi sikhathi owesifazane cishe akasuki endaweni yokwakha isidleke, futhi ubaba wesikhathi esizayo unakekela ukudla kwakhe.
Imvamisa, amatshwele aqandula ngoJuni, umama we-oriole uwavikela ngokucophelela emakhazeni, emoyeni nasesimo sezulu esibi, amboze ngomzimba wakhe. Ekuqaleni, ubaba uwukuphela komhlinzeki wokudla. Kokubili owesilisa nowesifazane baletha ukudla ezinganeni ezikhule kancane. Kakade emasontweni amabili ubudala, izingane zizama ukundiza, zishiya isidleke sazo. Abasakwazi ukuzingela, ngakho-ke abazali babo bayaqhubeka nokubanikeza amandla nangemva kokuba sebemi beqinile ohlangothini, bayizinyoni ezikhathalelayo. Isikhathi sokuphila esilinganiswe ngokwemvelo ngama-orioles sincike ezicini eziningi nakububanzi obusukela eminyakeni engu-8 kuye kwengu-15.
Izitha zemvelo zama-orioles ajwayelekile
Isithombe: Common Oriole
Umsebenzi obalulekile we-oriole ejwayelekile uvuna iqiniso lokuthi izitha zemvelo azivamile ukusondela kuyo, yize inyoni iphakathi nendawo futhi ikhanya kakhulu. Ama-Orioles achitha isabelo sengonyama sesikhathi sabo sezinyoni emiqhele eminyene yezihlahla endaweni ephakeme kakhulu, lapho kungelula kangako ukuzithola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zondla ekuseni kakhulu, kuthi ntambama ungaziboni zifuna ukudla. Ngokuyinhloko, izitha ze-oriole yizinyoni ezinkulu ezidla ezinye, eziye zathola indlela yokuthola indlela ye-birdie ukuze ithole isidlo.
Laba bantu abangafuni okuhle bahlanganisa:
- oklebe
- ondlunkulu;
- izinkozi;
- ama-kites.
Ezinye izinyoni, ezinkudlwana kune-oriole ejwayelekile, kwesinye isikhathi zihlasela izilwane ezidla ezinye. I-oriole enesibindi iqala amacala anjalo empini, ilwa nezitha ukuthola amatshwele ayo noma ukubekwa kwamaqanda.
Ukuhlaselwa kwezinye izilwane ku-oriole ejwayelekile kuyinto engavamile, kungabizwa nangokuthi ingozi. Bangakwazi ukuhlasela ngenkathi bebhukuda, bekha amajikijolo noma izithelo. Ama-Orioles aba sengozini enkulu ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, lapho abesilisa beheha abesifazane noma abashadikazi bethanda ukwakha isidleke. Ngemuva kwalokho ukuqapha kubuyela ezinyonini, ezibuka ngokucophelela isidleke sazo esifihlekile, esisendaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuyo.
Umuntu angabalwa futhi phakathi kwezitha ze-oriole ejwayelekile, ngoba ngenxa yemisebenzi yakhe yezomnotho uvame ukungena ezindaweni zabo zokuthunyelwa, asuse izinyoni ezindaweni zabo ezijwayelekile, angcolise imvelo, ethinta kabi impilo yezinyoni.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Inyoni ejwayelekile i-Oriole
I-oriole ejwayelekile ibhekwa njengezinhlobo eziningi, ngakho-ke izinhlangano zokongiwa kwemvelo azibonisi ukukhathazeka ngenani lale nyoni. Inani lezinyoni ezihlala ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zikhulu ngokwanele, aziboni zinsongo eziyingozi ngokweqile. Ngokusho kwe-IUCN, ubuningi be-oriole ejwayelekile abusongelwa, futhi kwi-International Red Data Book le nyoni inesimo sobungozi obuncane, ngokuba sesigabeni sezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezibangela ukukhathazeka okuncane.
Ngaphandle kokuthi inani le-oriole ejwayelekile lizinzile impela, belilokhu lehla kancane eminyakeni yamuva. Lokhu kungenxa yemithelela eminingi ye-anthropogenic: ukonakaliswa kwemvelo, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukwanda kwedolobha, ukwakhiwa kwemigwaqo emikhulu emisha, njll.
Ngokusho kwezazi ze-ornithologists, ukuzinza kwabantu be-oriole ejwayelekile kukhona ngenxa yokuthi inyoni iyaqaphela kakhulu, yakha izidleke ezindaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo, ngakho-ke inzalo yayo inezinga eliphakeme lokusinda. I-oriole ejwayelekile ayiveli ezindaweni ezivulekile, futhi ubude bayo bokuphila abufushane nakancane. Zonke lezi zinto zinomthelela omuhle enanini labantu balezi zinyoni, ukuzigcina ezingeni elifanele, eliningi, elibalulekile.
Ekugcineni, ngithanda ukunezela ukuthi isimo esihle ngosayizi wabantu siyakhuthaza kakhulu. I-oriole ejwayelekile isebenza njengensimu nehlathi ngokuhlelekile, ivikela izihlahla ezibuseni eziyingozi futhi eziyingozi. Ukucabanga nge-oriole enhle esehlathini kuyintokozo engandile, kepha ungakujabulela ngokuphelele ukubuka kwezinyoni okucacile ngokubheka izithombe ezicacile ezitholakala kalula kwi-Intanethi.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 03.07.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/23/2019 ngo-22: 55
