Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi isilwane esingavamile, esihlekisa kancane, esincane, se-marsupial sithanda opossum, ingenye yezilwane ezindala kakhulu eziye zasinda ezikhathini zethu, ezingaguquki ngokubukeka kwazo. Abaningi babathandana nabo ngemuva kokukhishwa kwefilimu egqwayizayo ethi "Ice Age", lapho ama-possums amabili ahlekisayo u-Eddie noCrash bangena ezigemegeme ezahlukahlukene ezijabulisayo, ezilandelwa yizigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele. Ake sizame ukuqonda ngokuningiliziwe umlando nokuphila kwalesi silwane esine-fluffy.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Possum
Umndeni we-possum uyisigaba sezilwane ezincelisayo ezingama-marsupial ezihlala ikakhulu ezwenikazi laseMelika (ngaphezu kwalokho, zombili iNingizimu neNyakatho Melika). Lezi ezinye zezakhamizi ezindala kakhulu zoMhlaba, ezisaphila kuze kube namuhla kusukela esikhathini seCretaceous. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kusukela ngalezo zikhathi ezikude, izilwane ekubukekeni kwazo azikashintshi nhlobo, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, zigcinwe ngendlela yazo yasekuqaleni.
Ngokuqondene neMelika, ososayensi bathole ukuthi ekuqaleni ama-possum ayehlala ezwenikazi laseNingizimu Melika kuphela. Kamuva, lapho kwavela lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ibhuloho phakathi kwamazwe aseMelika, izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo zezilwane ezivela eNyakatho Melika zaqala ukufudukela eNingizimu, okwaholela ekufeni okukhulu kwama-marsupials eNingizimu Melika. Vele, akuzona zonke izinhlobo zama-possum ezisindile, kepha izindaba ezinhle ukuthi okungenani ezinye zisindile ezikhathini zethu futhi zikwazile ukuzivumelanisa ngokuphelele nezimo ezintsha zokuphila.
Ividiyo: Possum
Ngaphezu kokuthi lezi zilwane ezincane zikwazile ukusinda futhi zivumelane nezinguquko, zona ngokwazo zisabalale zaya eNyakatho Melika cishe zaya eCanada. Lapho ufunda ngomsuka walezi zilwane, kufanele nakanjani unake idatha yokumba, esazisa ukuthi kanye, ezikhathini zasendulo, ama-possums ayehlala eYurophu.
Uma singacubunguli emlandweni wasendulo kakhulu, kepha kulowo ongafinyeleleka kumuntu, lapho-ke okunye kokukhulunywa okokuqala nge-possum kuzwakale encwadini yesazi sokuma komhlaba waseSpain, umpristi nesazi-mlando uPedro Cieza de Leon emuva ngo-1553, lo msebenzi ubizwa ngeChronicle yasePeru. Kuyo, iSpain yachaza isilwane esincane, namanje esingaziwa kuye, esasifana nempungushe, sasinomsila omude, imilenze emincane kanye nejazi elinsundu.
Izihlobo eziseduze zama-possums ezivela eMelika yizi-possum ezimise okwegundane. Njengoba sekushiwo, kunezinhlobonhlobo zama-possum, ahlukile ngokubukeka futhi ahlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene.
Ake sichaze ezinye zazo:
- I-opossum ejwayelekile inkulu impela, isisindo sayo singafinyelela ku-6 kg. Isilwane sithanda amapheshana asehlathini atholakala osebeni lwazo zonke izinhlobo zemizimba yamanzi, amadili okusanhlamvu, izibankwa, adla izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene namakhowe;
- I-Opossum Virginia nayo inkulu kakhulu (kufika ku-6 kg), ithanda amahlathi anomswakama ophakeme, kepha ihlala ezigodini. Idla amagundane amancane, izinyoni, amaqanda ezinyoni, unogwaja omncane;
- I-opossum aquatic ikhona, ngokwemvelo, eduze kwamanzi, idla izinhlanzi, i-crayfish, imfanzi, idoba isidlo sayo sasemini khona manjalo. Kwesinye isikhathi jabulela izithelo. Akamkhulu njengezinye izinhlobo zomndeni wakhe;
- Igundane opossum lincane kakhulu. Ubude bayo bungamasentimitha ayi-15. Ithanda amahlathi asezintabeni (kufika ku-2,5 km ukuphakama). Idla izinambuzane, amaqanda ezinyoni nazo zonke izinhlobo zezithelo;
- I-opossum empunga engenamsila incane kakhulu, isisindo sayo singaphezulu kancane kwamagremu ayikhulu, kanti ubude baso bungamasentimitha ayi-12 kuye kwayi-16. Ikhetha indawo eyisicaba, embozwe ngotshani obuncane, ithanda ukuhlala ndawonye nokuhlala kwabantu;
- IPatagonian possum incane kakhulu, inesisindo esingama-gramu angama-50 kuphela. Ukudla kwakhe okuyinhloko izinambuzane.
Vele, ngaphezu kwalezo ezisohlwini, kunezinye izinhlobo zama-possum.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Possum animal
Sithole ukuthi emvelweni kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-phenums, ngakho-ke sizocubungula izimpawu nezimpawu zangaphandle zalesi silwane sisebenzisa isibonelo se-possum ejwayelekile. Ubukhulu balesi silwane buncane, ubude bufinyelela cishe ku-60 cm, abesifazane bangamasentimitha ayi-10 ngaphansi. Ngokuvamile, i-phenum iyefana ngosayizi wekati elijwayelekile labantu abadala. Isifonyo sakhe sikhonjisiwe futhi side.
Umsila wesilwane unamandla, unqunu, awumboziwe ngoboya, esisekelweni mkhulu kakhulu. Ngosizo lwayo, i-possum ilenga emagatsheni lapho ilele noma ihamba esihlokweni sezihlahla. Ijazi le-possum alide, kepha ligcwele futhi liminyene.
Umbala wezilwane uyehluka kuye ngohlobo lwazo nezindawo ezihlala kuzo, ngakho-ke ama-possums angaba:
- Okumpunga okumnyama;
- Mpunga onsundu;
- Onsundu;
- Mpunga okhanyayo;
- Mnyama;
- Beige.
Uma sikhuluma nge-possum ejwayelekile, khona-ke uboya bayo bumpunga ngemithambo emhlophe, futhi ikhanda lalo likhanya, okuvela kulo okumnyama, njengobuhlalu, amehlo nezindlebe eziyindilinga. Izidladla zesilwane zineminwe emihlanu, uzwane ngalunye lunozipho olubukhali. Imihlathi yesilwane ikhombisa ubuqili bayo. I-possum inamazinyo angama-50, ama-4 awo angama-canines, ukwakheka kwawo nendawo okuyo kufana nokwakheka kwamazinyo ezilwane zasendulo ezincelisayo.
Isici sesici sesilwane ubukhona besikhwama lapho sithwala khona izingane, ngoba zizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, futhi lapho ziyakhula ziqine. Isikhwama siyisikhumba sesikhumba esivuleka ngasemsileni. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zama-possum zintula isikhwama, i.e. ayinasikhwama, futhi amawundlu alenga esifubeni sikanina aze akwazi ukuzimela.
Ihlala kuphi i-possum?
Isithombe: Big possum
Kulezi zinsuku, ama-possum agcine ukuhlala kwawo unomphela eNew World, yize phambilini abesakazeke kulo lonke elaseYurophu, njengoba kufakazelwa yimivubukulo yamandulo. Ama-Possums azinzile ezindaweni zombili zaseMelika (eNyakatho naseNingizimu). Muva nje, ososayensi bezilwane baye baqaphela ukuthi indawo abahlala kuyo iya phambili enyakatho, ifinyelela engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga yeCanada nase-Lesser Antilles.
Ama-Possums athakazelisa emahlathini, emaqeleni, ezindaweni ezingamahlane. Zihlala emathafeni nasezintabeni, azihambi ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha amane. Ngoba Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zama-possum, khona-ke zinikeza ukukhetha izindawo zokuhlala ezahlukahlukene. Ezinye izinhlobo zidinga ukusondela kwamanzi, zihola indlela yokuphila yasemanzini, zenza imigodi emigodini yezihlahla. Noma kunjalo, amalungu amaningi omndeni we-possum ahlala ezihlahleni noma phansi.
Okuqaphelayo okuthokozisayo ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zihlala eduze nezindawo okuhlala kuzo abantu, yize iningi lama-possum lithanda ukugwema abantu, ukuzedlula.
Idla ini i-possum?
Isithombe: Funny possum
Singasho ukuthi i-possum i-omnivorous. Udla ukudla kwezitshalo nezilwane. Ngokuvamile, ukunambitheka kwakhe kuncike kakhulu ohlotsheni nasendaweni ahlala kuyo. Kuyabonakala ukuthi badla ama-phenums amaningi, kubonakala sengathi abakwazi ukuthola okwanele, kepha lokhu akunjalo. Izilwane zihlakaniphe kakhulu futhi zidla endaweni ebekiwe, zigcina amanoni uma kwenzeka zilambile, kufika izikhathi ezinzima. I-cannibalism yinto eyejwayelekile kulezi zilwane zasendle.
Imvamisa imenyu ye-possum iqukethe:
- Zonke izinhlobo zamajikijolo;
- Izithelo;
- Amakhowe;
- Izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene;
- Izibankwa ezincane;
- Amagundane amancane;
- Izinhlanzi, ama-crustaceans, ama-shrimp (ku-possum yamanzi);
- Izinyoni ezincane;
- Amaqanda ezinyoni;
- Amakhambi;
- Amahlamvu;
- Izikhwebu zommbila;
- Izinhlobonhlobo zamabele.
Uma unesilwane esingavamile njenge-possum, ungasondla ngemifino ehlukahlukene, izithelo, inyama yenkukhu namaqanda. I-Opossum ingondliwa ngokudla kwekati okujwayelekile, kepha hhayi njalo hhayi kaningi kakhulu. Futhi isifiso sakhe sokudla sihlale sihle kakhulu.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Possum
Ngokwemvelo yabo, ama-possum angama-loners futhi athola ama-pair kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, ancamela ukuhola impilo eyimfihlo, eyedwa. Lezi zilwane ziphila ngokuhwalala, zisebenza uma kumnyama. Ngesikhathi sasemini, izilwane zilala phansi emigodini yazo noma esihlokweni sezihlahla, zilenga egatsheni ngosizo lomsila wazo oqinile, okhumbuza amatende. Ukulala kahle nobumnandi kungumsebenzi owuthandayo wama-possum, angaqhubeka ngokuhlanganyela kuwo cishe amahora angama-19 ngosuku.
Ngokuvamile, ngokwemvelo, izilwane zinamahloni kakhulu futhi ziyaqaphela, ziyakugwema ukuhlangana nomuntu, ukubamba i-possum akuyona into elula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yizona ezithule ngempela, zenza imisindo engacishe ibe khona. Isilwane sikhala ngokungavamile kakhulu, kuphela lapho sizwa ubuhlungu obukhulu. Kwezinye izimo, ama-possum awanasizathu sengxoxo eshubile nezingxoxo eziphakeme. Isimo sesilwane sinokuthula, futhi ukuziphatha okunamandla njalo akubonwa ngemuva kwazo.
Ama-opossum angamasele ama-dart anobuthi anethalente, alungele ukulengiswa emagatsheni ezihlahla usuku lonke; zivame ukulala zibheke phansi, zibambelele egatsheni ngomsila wazo. Futhi, ngosizo lomsila ofanayo kanye nemilenze eqinile eminyene, bahamba ngobunyoninco kumqhele oluhlaza. Vele kunezinhlobo ezihlala emhlabeni wodwa, kepha kukhona amanye ama-phenums amaningi ahola indlela yokuphila ye-arboreal. Ngokwemvelo, ithalente le-possum yamanzi yikhono lokubhukuda, alisebenzisa kahle, ukuthola ukudla kwakhe emanzini.
Esinye sezici zempilo yama-possums yindlela yabo yokuphila kwemizulane (ukuzulazula). Zihlala zihamba zisuka kwenye indawo ziya kwenye, zingenayo indawo yazo engayodwa, njengezinye izilwane eziningi. Izilwane ezihlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho ziyalala ebusuku lapho kubanda kakhulu. Phakathi nawo, ngezinsuku ezifudumele kakhulu nezishisa kakhulu, i-possum iyavuka ukuze izivuselele, ihlale iphapheme isikhashana.
Phakathi kwalabo abathole isilwane esingajwayelekile njenge-possum, kukhona umbono wokuthi lezi zilwane azinakho ukuhlakanipha okukhulu, kepha ziyadlala futhi ziyavuma, nakanjani ngeke uzithukuthelise ngazo!
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ama-possum wezingane
Ama-opossum angashadile ahlangana kuphela isikhathi esifushane sokukhwelana. Ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene, kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, i-possum yaseNyakatho Melika izala inzalo cishe kathathu ngonyaka, futhi lezo zinhlobo ezikhetha izindawo ezishisayo zizala unyaka wonke. Izilwane ezingahlali ezihlahleni zenza into efana nezidleke zezinyoni, kanti izilwane zasemhlabeni zizalela emigodini yothile elahliwe, emigodini evalekile naphakathi kwezimpande zezihlahla ezinkulu.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ama-possum avundile impela. Udoti ungaba nezingane ezingama-25, kepha lokhu akuvamile. Imvamisa kuzalwa izingane eziyi-8 kuya kwezingu-15. Yize kwenzeka ukuthi inani elikhulu lezingane lizalwa ngasikhathi sinye, kusinda izingongolo neziqine kakhulu, ngoba umama unezingono eziyi-12 noma eziyi-13 kuphela. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa kowesifazane asiside nakancane futhi cishe siyizinsuku ezingama-25, ezinhlotsheni ezincane ngokuvamile cishe zingaba ngu-15. Izingane zivela zincane kakhulu futhi zingakafiki isikhathi, zifana nemibungu, isisindo sazo singama-2 - 5 amagremu kuphela.
Ku-marsupial possum, izingane zivuthwa esikhwameni, lapho izingono zitholakala khona ukuze zinikeze izingane ubisi. Ezilwaneni ezihlanyayo, izingane zilenga ngqo esifubeni sikanina, zibambelele ezingonweni. Cishe ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, izingane ziba njengezilwane ezindala, zimbozwe izinwele, zibone futhi zikhuluphale. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi umama welapha izingane zakhe ubisi lwebele isikhathi eside, lesi sikhathi sihlala izinyanga ezintathu ezigcwele.
Impilo ayilula kumama opossum, lokhu kungashiwo, ngokoqobo nangokomfanekiso, ngoba izingane esezikhulile ziyamgibela nawo wonke umndeni omkhulu, zibambelele eboyeni obusemhlane wazo. Uma ucabanga ukuthi umama unezingane eziningi, kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi uthwala umthwalo onjani nsuku zonke. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu zincelisa, izingane ziqala ukudla njengabantu abadala. Futhi bobabili abesifazane nabesilisa bavuthwa ngokocansi ngezinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili ubudala. Ama-opossum ahlala endaweni yawo yemvelo cishe iminyaka emihlanu; ekuthunjweni, ama-specimens ngamanye aphile aze afike kwayisishiyagalolunye.
Izitha zemvelo zama-possums
Isithombe: Animal possum
Endle, ama-possum anezitha eziningi, ngoba kuyisilwane esincane futhi esinamahloni, izidalwa eziningi ezinkulu aziphikisi ukuzitika ngazo. Abahlaseli bakaPossum bahlanganisa ama-lynx, izimpungushe, izikhova nezinye izinyoni ezinkulu ezidla inyama, ama-coyotes. Zonke izinhlobo zezinyoka nazo ziyingozi ezilwaneni ezisencane. Ngaphezu kwezilwane ezidla ezinye, izilwane eziningi zithwala isifo esinjengamarabi, esivame ukuthwalwa yiVirgin possum.
Kuyafaneleka ukutshela ngokwehlukana ngendlela eyingqayizivele yokuvikela ekuhlaselweni yizilwane ezisetshenziswa yi-possums lapho kuhlelwa yonke imidlalo yaseshashalazini. Lapho usongo seluseduze, i-possum izenza sengathi ifile ngekhono kangangokuthi umhlaseli akakwazi ngisho nokucabanga ukuthi uyazenzisa. I-opossum iyawa, amehlo akhe abe yingilazi, igwebu liyabonakala emlonyeni wakhe, futhi izindlala ezikhethekile zangasese zikhipha iphunga le-cadaveric. Lesi sithombe sonke siyabethusa abahlaseli abathi, ngemuva kokuhogela "isidumbu", bazizwe benengekile bese behamba. Lapho isitha sesihambile, isilwane siyaphila futhi siyabaleka, yize bekuyisikhathi eside sifile. Icebo lokukhohlisa elinjalo kuma- possum livame ukubasebenzela, lisindise izilwane eziningi ekufeni.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Possum
Ama-opossum asakazeke kuwo wonke amazwe aseMelika, isimo sabantu babo asisongelwa okwamanje, abekho ohlwini lwezilwane ezivikelwe. Ngokuqondene nesici somuntu, kunjalo, kunomthelela omkhulu empilweni yama-possum. Uboya besilwane busetshenziselwa ukuthunga izingubo ezahlukahlukene, inezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokufudumala, ngakho-ke nemikhiqizo edume kakhulu emhlabeni yenza izingubo ngoboya be-possum.
Umuntu uhlala ezindaweni eziningi lapho izilwane zazihlala khona ngaphambilini, ngakho-ke kufanele zivumelane ngaso sonke isikhathi. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kwamanye amazwe aseNingizimu Melika, ama-possum ayadliwa. Kwesinye isikhathi abantu baziqothula izilwane, bazicabangela izinambuzane zamasimu nezingadi, yize zingadali umonakalo omkhulu emasimini. Izilwane eziningi kakhulu ziyafa emigwaqweni emikhulu ephithizelayo ngaphansi kwamasondo ezimoto.
Ngokusobala, ngenxa yokuthi ama-possum ahloniphekile kakhulu, anobungcweti, aqinile futhi avundile, zonke izinsongo ezifakwe kuhlu ezihlobene nabantu azibathinti abantu babo, inani labo lihlala lizinzile. Ngiyethemba ukuthi lokhu kuzoqhubeka ngokuzayo.
Sengiphetha, ngithanda ukungeza ukuthi i-possum iyamangalisa ngempela ngezizathu eziningi. Okokuqala, wayephila kulezo zikhathi zasendulo lapho kwakukhona ama-dinosaurs. Izinhlobo eziningi zanyamalala, futhi wanqoba bonke ubunzima futhi washintsha kancane ekubukeni. Okwesibili, ukuphela komeleli wama-marsupial ahlala ngaphandle kwezwekazi lase-Australia. Okwesithathu, ungumlingisi ongenakuqhathaniswa, olingisa kahle ukufa kwakhe ukuzivikela. Ngokuvamile, muhle kakhulu futhi uyahlekisa! Umuntu kufanele abuke kuphela isithombe sikamama opossum onakekelayo, ethwele wonke umndeni wakhe opholile emahlombe akhe, ukumamatheka kuvela ngokushesha futhi nemizwa iyavuka!
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 22.03.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/15/2019 ngo-17: 58
