Umnyovu kwaziwa yibo bonke. Uyisinambuzane esikhanyayo, esingajwayelekile ngombala omnyama nephuzi ngesinambuzane esincane kodwa esibuhlungu. Iningi labantu libheka lesi silwane njengengozi futhi esinolaka. Kodwa-ke, uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lweminyovu olunjalo. Bonke abanye abameleli bakhetha ukuhlala kude nomuntu, abavamile ukukhombisa ulaka, bayamangala kakhulu ngemikhuba yabo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Unyovu
Iminyovu ayinayo incazelo ecacile yesayensi. Ngakho-ke kuyisiko ukubiza zonke izinambuzane ezinama-stalk-bellied kusuka ku-Hymenoptera, okungezona ezinyosi, izintuthwane. Namuhla kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zeminyovu ehlukene. Izinambuzane zalezi zinhlobo zifaka iminyovu elandelayo: umgwaqo, ubenyezela, isihlabathi, osikiwe, iphepha, imbali, izinyoni, ukugqekeza nezinye eziningi.
Zonke zihlukaniswe ngokwehlukana ngezigaba ezimbili:
- Wedwa;
- Esidlangalaleni.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngokungafani nezinyosi, iminyovu iyakwazi ukuzivikela hhayi nge-sting kuphela. Uma othile esongela ubukhona bazo, izinambuzane zingasebenzisa izinto zomhlathi. Ukuluma kwabo kuzwela impela.
Umnyovu owodwa uhamba impilo eyedwa, wakha isidleke ngokungajwayelekile. Bonke abantu abadala bayakwazi ukuzala. Uma kwakhiwe izidleke, khona-ke emakhoneni acashile kakhulu: ezindongeni, esihlahleni, emhlabathini. Futhi inani elincane kuphela lezinhlobo ezikhetha ukuhlala ngaphandle kwezidleke. Ziphumula emigodini yemvelo yezinkuni.
Iminyovu yezenhlalo ikhetha ukuhlala emindenini. Izidleke zazo zakhiwa yisibeletho. Akubona bonke abantu abadala abakwazi ukuzala. Kwesinye isikhathi ikoloni lingabala izinkulungwane zeminyovu, kepha yinye kuphela engakwazi ukuzala. Iminyovu engenayo inzalo ibizwa ngokuthi abasebenzi, kuyilapho iminyovu evundile ibizwa ngokuthi yisibeletho.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Iningi leHymenoptera lingashintsha lisuke lodwa liye empilweni yomphakathi. Lolu shintsho luthatha izigaba eziningana.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Iminyovu yezinambuzane
Umnyovu uyisinambuzane esikhanyayo, nesithakazelisayo. Inombala ohluke kakhulu - imivimbo ephuzi nokumnyama. Usayizi womuntu omdala ulinganiselwa - kufika kumasentimitha ayishumi. Abesifazane kuphela abangafinyelela amasentimitha ayishumi nesishiyagalombili ngobude. Umzimba walesi silwane unezinwele eziningi ezincane. Kukhona udosi ekugcineni kwalo. Imfishane, ibushelelezi kakhulu, futhi ingena kalula kisisulu. Udosi lunamandla okuhamba, ngakho umnyovu ungaluma kunoma iyiphi indawo.
Ividiyo: Umnyovu
Umnyovu unamehlo anzima. Mikhulu, ingahlukanisa izinto ngo-180C. Amehlo amathathu abekwe emqhele. Kunzima ukubabona ngasikhathi sinye. Kunezimpondo eziseduze kwamehlo. Imisebenzi yezimpondo zempondo incike ekusebenzeni kwesilwane, isimo esithile. Imvamisa le ngxenye yomzimba isebenza njengendawo lapho kubhekiswa khona indiza. Ngosizo lwabo, umnyovu unganquma ngokunembile ukuthi umoya uqonde ngakuphi, ukujula kwegebe nokunye okuningi.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Udosi lohlobo lomnyovu alulungisiwe. Ngokungafani nezinyosi, lezi zilwane azilimazi lapho zilunywa.
Iminyovu igama elihlangene. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zeminyovu, futhi izici zazo zangaphandle zihluke kancane.
Cabanga ngencazelo emfushane yangaphandle yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu:
- Iphepha. Okujwayeleke kakhulu ekubukekeni. Bahlala eduze komuntu, banombala omnyama nephuzi;
- Iminyovu ecwebezelayo. Zimaphakathi ngosayizi - kuze kufike kumasentimitha ayisishiyagalombili. Umbala womzimba awujwayelekile - i-pearlescent, umthunzi wepinki noma u-turquoise;
- Izimbali. Mancane ngosayizi. Ungakhuli ngaphezu kwesentimitha elilodwa. Umbala ubuswa ophuzi;
- Iminyovu yaseJalimane. Banombala ongavamile womzimba - i-orange ekhanyayo. Abesilisa balolu hlobo bangamnyama-orange futhi banamaphiko amnyama. Abesifazane abanamaphiko; bavame ukubizwa ngokuthi izintuthwane ze-velvet.
Uhlala kuphi uminyovu?
Isithombe: Umnyovu wezilwane
Iminyovu isabalele emhlabeni wonke. Zitholakala kalula eBelarus, Russia, Ukraine, Europe, Africa, Argentina, Canada, Mexico, Australia, China, Japan. Izilwane ezinjalo azihlali kuphela eSahara eshisayo, e-Arctic naseNhlonhlweni yase-Arabia. Iminyovu ikhetha isimo sezulu esipholile, ayinakubakhona ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu noma ezineqhwa kakhulu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu zeminyovu zihlala eJapan naseChina - uphondo lwase-Asia. Usayizi wayo ungafinyelela ngamasentimitha ayisithupha. Ukulunywa okukodwa kwalesi sinambuzane kwanele ukufa komuntu, ikakhulukazi uma engezwani nezinto ezithile. Ngokwezibalo, abantu abafinyelela kumashumi amahlanu bayafa minyaka yonke ngenxa yokuntinyelwa kophondo lwase-Asia kula mazwe.
Iminyovu eminingi ihlala eNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Abantu abambalwa kuphela abatholakala eBrazil. Lezi zinambuzane zikhetha indawo yazo yokuhlala ngokuya ngezindlela eziningana: isimo sezulu esipholile, ukuba khona kwezihlahla, umuntu. Into ukuthi indawo yokuhlala yomuntu ivumela iminyovu ukuthi ithole kalula ukudla kwayo. Lesi sihlahla sisetshenziselwa ukwakha izidleke futhi sikhule izibungu. Abanye abantu bakha izindlu ngodaka, amatshe amancane. Izidleke zazo zibukeka kakhulu njengezinqaba ezincane.
Udliwa yini umnyovu?
Isithombe: Unyovu
Ukudla kwabamele izinhlobo zeminyovu kuyahlukahluka kakhulu. Kuya ngezici eziningana: uhlobo lwesilwane, isigaba sokuthuthuka, indawo yokuhlala. Kungabonakala sengathi lezi zinambuzane azikhethi nhlobo ukudla. Bangadla amaswidi, inhlanzi, izithelo, amajikijolo ngisho noswidi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuyona ukudla okuyinhloko kweminyovu, kodwa kuphela ukwengeza okumnandi ekudleni.
Izinhlobo eziningi zikhetha ukudla okuthambile, okungamanzi. Zondla uginindela wezithelo ezahlukahlukene, isitshalo sezitshalo, amajikijolo kanye nompe. Uma leli thuba livela, uminyovu awunakukhathazeka ngokudla ujamu, uju, noma isiphuzo esinoshukela. Iminyovu inemizwa ethuthuke kakhulu yokuhogela. Ngakho-ke, bangathola kalula izithelo ezivutshiwe noma ezibolile. Bakhangwa nayiphunga elibi lobhiya ne-kvass. Iminyovu iletha ingxenye yezisulu zabo enzalweni yabo, isibeletho. Lokhu kwenziwa abasebenzi.
Iminyovu yokudla inokudla okuthile okuhlukile. Badla kakhulu izinambuzane: amabhungane, izimpukane, amaphela, izicabucabu ezincane. Yile ndlela ezondla ngayo inzalo yazo. Inqubo yokuzingela i-wasp predator imnandi kakhulu. Okokuqala, ubheka ongaba isisulu, bese ehlaselwa ngokuzumayo. I-hymenoptera izama ukufaka i-sting esilwaneni sayo ngokushesha ukuze ikhubaze. Ubuthi busiza ukugcina inyama ihlanzekile.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Unyozane inyosi
Indlela yokuphila yalesi silwane incike ohlotsheni lwayo. Impilo yeminyovu eyodwa ingabizwa ngokuthi iyisidina. Babambe iqhaza ekulungiseleleni inzalo amasheya. Ukwenza lokhu, bafaka isisulu esikhubazekile esidlekeni ukuze izibungu zikwazi ukuzondla kuso. Enye inzalo izokhula ngokuzimela, ngaphandle kosizo lwabazali bayo.
Iminyovu yezenhlalo iphila ngokuhehayo. Entwasahlobo, isibeletho sifuna indawo yokwakha "indlu". Lapho, izalela amaqanda. Lapho izibungu zivela, isibeletho siyazinakekela. Amabele okuqala akhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi akhulule umzali wakhe ezinkathazweni. Bathatha yonke imithwalo yemfanelo yokuthola ukudla nokwakha indlu. Isibeletho siyaqhubeka nokukhulisa ubukhulu bekholoni.
Kukholelwa ukuthi izinambuzane ezilumayo zichitha ebusuku ephusheni. Kepha akunjalo! Lezi zilwane azilali. Ngokuqala kobumnyama, umsebenzi wabo wemvelo umane uyancipha. Iminyovu ikhetha ukuchitha ubusuku ezidlekeni zayo, ihlafuna amagxolo. Ngokuqala kokusa, abantu abadala baqala ukwakha amakhekheba ezinyosi amasha.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Isikhathi sokuphila sabesilisa ngokuvamile asidluli amasonto amabili. Iminyovu yesilisa iyafa ngemuva nje kokukhwelana.
Isimo sabamele abaningi balezi zinhlobo sibi kakhulu. Iminyovu ayihlaseli kuqala ngaphandle kokwenza, kodwa nakanjani izokuluma uma ubakhathaza okungenani kancane. Kulokhu, iphunga lobuthi obufihliwe lingabonakala ezihlotsheni zesinambuzane. Lapho-ke umuntu noma isilwane esiphazamise umnyovu siyoba senkingeni enkulu. Iminyovu ingahlangana futhi ibhekane nengozi ndawonye.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Umshuwalense Wezinambuzane
Ebusika, abantu abadala bahlala endaweni yokukhosela. Ukuze benze lokhu, bazitholela indawo eyimfihlo kusengaphambili. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, ngemfudumalo yokuqala, isibeletho siyandiza siyofuna indawo efanelekile yokwakha isidleke. Isidleke siyadingeka ukuthi owesifazane abekele amaqanda futhi akhulisele inzalo yakhe lapho. Ukwakhiwa, amagxolo ezihlahla, ubumba, amatshe nezinye izinto zemvelo kuyasetshenziswa.
Abantu abayinyumba baphuma emaqandeni okuqala. Bazoqhubeka nokwakha izindawo zokuhlala futhi banikeze ukudla kwenzalo yesibeletho yesikhathi esizayo. Kuphela kuphela ehlobo lapho kuvela khona izingane ezingazala izinhlobo zazo. Yiyo ezoshada ngokuzayo. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, abesifazane bazobheka indawo efudumele ebusika, kuthi abesilisa bafe ngokushesha.
Unyovu oyedwa wesifazane uyakwazi ukuzala cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane ezimbili. Iningi labo lizoba yinyumba. Isibeletho sivalela amaqanda abekiwe ekamelweni elikhethekile. Ubuye abeke izinambuzane ezincane lapho. Izibungu zizondla ngalezi zinambuzane ngokuzayo, ukuze zisheshe ziphenduke umuntu omdala. Izibungu, ngokuzayo ezizokwazi ukukhiqiza inzalo, zinokudla okuhluke ngokuphelele. Zondliwa ngokudla okukhuthaza ukukhula kwezitho zazo zangasese. Isibeletho siphila cishe izinyanga eziyishumi, kanti iminyovu oyinyumba ayinaviki ezine kuphela.
Izitha zemvelo zeminyovu
Isithombe: Isilwane somnyovu
Iminyovu, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo zomphakathi, yizilwane ezihlangene. Bangakubamba ukuzivikela ndawonye lapho isitha sihlasela.
Kodwa-ke, ngisho namakoloni omnyovu anezitha zemvelo:
- Ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni. Izinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela zezinyoni ezinesibindi sokuhlasela izinambuzane ezilumayo. Ikakhulu, abadli benjobovu baseYurophu bazingela iminyovu. Bayazibamba endizeni, ngokushesha badabula udosi. Bese banikela ngesidumbu kumachwane abo. Iminyovu ayiphikisani nokudla abantu abadla izinyosi. Zibamba kalula, zichoboze futhi zigwinye ngokushesha. Ngasikhathi sinye, bona ngokwabo abaze bathole monakalo;
- Izimuncagazi ezincane. Ziqala ngqo ezidlekeni zama-hornet. Imikhaza emincane, "abagibeli" badla izilwane ezincane ezisaphila kumakhemikhali. Amagciwane anjalo angabonakala kubantu abadala isikhathi eside kakhulu. Zinciphisa kakhulu inani lezilwane ezisencane;
- Izilwane zasendle. Iminyovu idinga ukuqaphela ama-hedgehogs, amabhere, nezinye izidalwa zasendle eziphakathi nendawo ezinkulu. Kodwa-ke, izilwane eziningi ezilunywe yilesi sinambuzane okungenani kanye zizama ukukugwema esikhathini esizayo;
- Abantu. Uma ikoloni lomnyovu lihlala eduze kwendlu, esibayeni noma ekamelweni elisophahleni, cishe njalo ukufa kulindelwe yilo. Abantu, ngokuzimela noma ngosizo lochwepheshe, zama ukuqeda isidleke neminyovu ngosizo lwezindlela ezahlukahlukene nobuthi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Unyovu
Iminyovu iyingxenye edingekayo, ewusizo futhi ebalulekile yezilwane. Yebo, azivezi uju olumnandi njengezinyosi futhi zilimaze imboni yezinyosi. Kodwa-ke, kweminye imikhakha yokuphila nasemvelweni, benza umsebenzi owusizo kakhulu - babhubhisa izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene. Babamba izinambuzane ezincane bese bezondla ngezizukulwane zabo. Lokhu kunomthelela omuhle ezitshalweni. Ingadi, ukutshalwa kwensimu akuhlushwa izinambuzane.
Isibonelo, iminyovu ingasiza ukuqeda ngokuphelele izinambuzane ezinjengebhere. Uma ibhere liqala esizeni, kwanele ukuheha iminyovu ngosizo lwezitshalo eziqhakazayo. Iminyovu yomhlaba izosheshe 'ihlele izinto' kusayithi. Iminyovu ingasetshenziswa futhi ukulwa nama-grinders nama-leaf beetle. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zidla kulezi zinambuzane: udonga, iphepha, ikhanda elikhulu, nekhala. Bangakwazi ukunciphisa kakhulu inani lezinambuzane eziyingozi. Le yindlela enhle yokubhekana nazo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amakhemikhali.
Iminyovu miningi. Zivamile emazweni amaningi, zanda ngokushesha, futhi ziyakwazi ukuzivikela. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo alusongelwa inqubo yokuqothulwa noma yokuqothulwa. Kodwa-ke, akunakwenzeka ukulandela umkhondo wabantu be-wasp ngokunemba okukhulu. Lezi izinambuzane ezincane ezivame ukuhlala ezindaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo. Ngalesi sizathu, imininingwane eqondile yesibalo sabantu ayikho.
Ukuvikelwa komnyovu
Isithombe: I-Wasp Red Book
Ngokuvamile, izinhlobo zomnyovu azikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi zisengozini, ngakho-ke azikho ohlwini lweRed Book. Izinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela ezaziwa ngososayensi njengezisengozini ezifundeni ezithile. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, i-wasp ehlathini ibhalwe ku-Red Book esifundeni saseMoscow. Esifundeni saseMoscow, simelwe ngamanani amancane. Iminyovu yezinkuni ngokuvamile ihlala emahlathini. Ezakhiweni zabantu, lezi zilwane azivamile ukubonwa.
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokwehla kwenani labantu beminyovu yokhuni yithonya elilimazayo labantu. Lesi yisici esiyinhloko. Abantu babhubhisa izidleke ngamabomu. Futhi, isimo sezulu esingesihle sithinta kakhulu isimo sabantu. Lokhu kungenxa yezici ezithile zokwakhiwa kwezidleke. Lezi zinambuzane kwesinye isikhathi zakha izindlu zazo ezindaweni ezivulekile, ezihlahleni. Ngisho nemvula enamandla ingalilimaza kalula ikhaya labo.
Izitha zemvelo kanye nokuncintisana okuphezulu okuvela kwezinye izinhlobo zinethonya elithile enanini leminyovu yasehlathini. Lezi zilwane zivame ukuba yizisulu zezinyoni, izimuncagazi nezinambuzane ezidla ezinye. Ngenxa yengozi ekhona yezinguquko kwinani labantu beminyovu yezinkuni, lolu hlobo lwezinambuzane lubhalwe kuRed Book esifundeni saseMoscow. Namuhla, izindawo zokuhlala zalezi zilwane zivikelwe ngokucophelela. Kuhlelwe futhi ukwakha izindawo ezintsha zemvelo esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.
Umnyovu - ummeleli omangalisayo wezilwane. Izimpilo zabo zifushane ngokwanele, kepha ziyajabulisa kakhulu. Empilweni yabo emfushane, iminyovu iyakwazi ukwakha indlu, ukukhulisa inzalo, futhi ezinye izinhlobo zisiza umuntu ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali ukuqeda izinambuzane zasengadini. Futhi, akuyona yonke iminyovu enolaka njengoba abantu becabanga. Izinhlobo eziningi zinokuthula impela futhi azisoze zamhlaba umuntu ngaphandle kwesizathu.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 22.03.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 17.09.2019 ngo-16: 35
