Ingulule odume umhlaba wonke njengesilwane esisheshayo. Ijubane lakhe lokugijima lingafinyelela ku-110 km / h, futhi leli jubane ulithuthukisa ngokushesha kunanoma iyiphi imoto. Ezinye izilwane zingacabanga ukuthi lapho zibona ingulule, akunangqondo ukuthi zibaleke, ngoba uma ifuna, nakanjani izobamba. Kepha empeleni lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Cheetah
Ingulule isilwane esidla inyamazane esidumile. Kungokwenhlobo yezingulule. Esikhathini esidlule, kwakukhona ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zalezi zilwane, futhi kwahlukaniswa ngisho nomndeni omncane. Isizathu singachazwa ngesakhiwo esifanayo sama-cheetah ngawo womabili ama-feline ne-canine, okunikeze isizathu somndeni ovelele. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ezingeni lamangqamuzana nezakhi zofuzo, kwafakazelwa ukuthi izingulule zisondele kakhulu kumasofa, ngakho-ke zihlangene nawo zingokomndeni wamakati amancane.
Kukhona ama-subspecies amaningana we-cheetahs. Ahluke ngokubukeka, ikakhulukazi ngombala, futhi ahlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Abane babo bahlala e-Afrika, ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zayo, kanti eyodwa ise-Asia. Phambilini, izinhlobo ezingaphansi kwalezi ezihlukanisiwe bezihlukaniswa, kepha ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi, ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kanye nocwaningo kuveze ukuthi lolu hlobo luyafana, futhi umehluko ubangelwa ukuguquka okuncane.
Ama-cheetah aphakathi nendawo, amakati adlayo. Isisindo somuntu omdala singama-35 kuya kuma-70 kg. Into ethakazelisa kakhulu ngabo ngumbala. Kuyakhanya ezingulule kunanoma yibaphi abamele amabala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye ama-subspecies ahlukile ngombala.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ikati lengulule
Umzimba we-cheetah cishe u-120-140 cm ubude futhi uzacile kakhulu. Ukuphakama kwesilwane kufinyelela kuma-90 cm ekubuneni. Umzimba unamandla amakhulu kangangokuba kuyimfashini ukubona imisipha yawo ngoboya. Amafutha engulule cishe awekho, kodwa ezimweni zawo zokuphila enza kahle ngaphandle kokulondolozwa.
Ikhanda lincane, lize liphume kancane emzimbeni. Icwecwe kancane futhi inwetshiwe. Ezinhlangothini ngaphezulu kunezindlebe ezincane eziyindilinga. Bacishe bangenzi. Amehlo abekwe phezulu, ayindilinga futhi aqondiswa phambili. Amakhala abanzi, okwenza kube lula ukumunca umoya omningi ngasikhathi sinye, okudlala indima ekwazini ukusheshisa ngokushesha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amazinyo mancane uma kuqhathaniswa nezihlobo zawo eziseduze.
Imilenze yengulule yinde futhi inamandla kakhulu, ngemizuzwana emithathu nje ingafinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-100 km / h. Izinzipho zihoxisiwe ngesigamu, okwenza ingulule ivelele kwamanye amakati adlayo. Izinzwane zimfushane kanti amapayipi aqinile futhi ajiyile, nawo adlala indima ekugijimeni kwejubane elikhulu.
Umsila mude futhi ujiyile, ungaba amasentimitha angama-60-80. Ubude buya ngosayizi womuntu uqobo. Ungabona futhi ingulule ngayo; ezinye ezinamabala azinamsila omkhulu kangako. Umsila ukunwetshwa komgogodla oguquguqukayo kakhulu futhi usebenza njengesibindi sokuqondisa. Ikuvumela ukuthi wenze ukujika okubukhali, ukugxuma nokunye ukunyakaza komzimba.
Abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane futhi banekhanda elikhudlwana. Kwesinye isikhathi lokhu kunganakwa ngoba umehluko mncane. Futhi, amanye amaduna aziqhayisa ngemane encane. Uboya bufushane, ngokuqhathaniswa abubukhulu, buqinile, kepha ngasikhathi sinye abusimbozi ngokuphelele isisu.
Ividiyo: Ingulule
Umbala uhlukile, unesihlabathi onamabala amnyama ayindilinga. Ububanzi bamabala bungaba ngamasentimitha amathathu. Zimboza wonke umzimba wengulule. Kwezinye izindawo, amabala angahlangana futhi akhe ama-streaks. Amabala mancane embhedeni womlomo, futhi kunemivimbo emnyama ecacile kusuka emehlweni kuya emihlathini, ebizwa ngokuthi "imivimbo ye-lacrimal". Ochwepheshe bathi basiza i-cheetah ukuthi ibheke isisulu, futhi bayisebenzise njengento ehlose ukuyenza.
Ingulule yasebukhosini yehlukaniswa ngumbala wayo omuhle kakhulu. Esikhathini esidlule, sasibalwa njengama-subspecies ahlukile, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ososayensi bathola ukuthi lokhu kumane nje kuwukuguqulwa kombala. Ngemuva kwalezi zingulule, esikhundleni samachashazi, imivimbo, kanye nasemsileni, kukhona izindandatho ezimnyama ezijiyile. Ukuze ithole lizuze lo mbala njengefa, kubalulekile ukuwela owesilisa nowesilisa ngezakhi zofuzo ezifanele. Ngakho-ke, ingulule yasebukhosini iyivelakancane emvelweni.
Kukhona okunye ukuguquka kwezinhlobo ezingafani nezingulule. Ama-cheetah amnyama ayaziwa, lolu hlobo lokuguqulwa lubizwa ngokuthi yi-melanism, izindawo ezimnyama azikwazi ukuhlukaniswa ngemuva kwesizinda soboya obumnyama. Kukhona izingulule ze-albino. Futhi futhi izingulule ezibomvu ezidumile, isikhumba sazo sinsundu, sibomvu, sinomlilo. Umbala wabo umane ungavamile futhi uphonsa ochwepheshe ekutadisheni okuningiliziwe kokuphambuka okunjalo.
Ihlala kuphi ingulule?
Isithombe: Ingulule yezilwane
Ingulule ihlala ezwenikazi i-Afrika kanti munye kuphela osasele e-Asia. Ama-subspecies athile we-cheetah asakazeke ezingxenyeni ezihlukene ze-Afrika:
- I-Northwest Africa (i-Algeria, iBurkina Faso, iBenin, iNiger, kufaka phakathi ushukela) ihlala kuma-subspecies i-Acinonyx Jubatus hecki.
- Ingxenye esempumalanga yezwekazi (iKenya, iMozambiki, iSomalia, iSudan, iTogo, iTopiya) ingeyabanikazi abancane i-Acinonyx Jubatus raineyii.
- U-Acinonyx Jubatus soemmeringii uhlala enkabeni ye-Afrika (eCongo, Tanzania, Uganda, Chad, CAR).
- Ingxenye eseningizimu yezwekazi (i-Angola, iBotswana, iZambia, iZimbabwe, iNamibia, iNingizimu Afrika) yi-Acinonyx Jubatus Jubatus.
Ngaphezu kwe-Afrika, i-subspecies eyodwa encane kakhulu isindile e-Iran futhi ibonakele nasePakistan nase-Afghanistan. Ibizwa ngokuthi ama-subspecies ase-Asia we-cheetah, igama lesayensi yi-Acinonyx Jubatus venaticus.
Ama-cheetah ahlala kuphela ezindaweni ezivulekile, kukhona lapho angahlakazeka khona. Lokhu kungenxa yendlela abazingela ngayo. Lawa makati awashintshelwe ngokuphelele ekukhuphukeni kwezihlahla, ukwakheka kwezidladla nezinzipho akuhlinzeki ngalokhu. Isimo sezulu esomile asibesabi; lezi zilwane, kunalokho, zithanda ama-savanna nezingwadule. Kwesinye isikhathi ngiyakwazi ukulala kancane phansi kwezihlahla.
Idlani ingulule?
Isithombe: Incwadi Ebomvu Ye-Cheetah
Izingulule yizilwane ezidla ezinye futhi ezingabazingeli abadumile. Ukudla kwabo kususelwa ezilwaneni ezinamanqina ezinesilinganiso esifana nobukhulu bazo, kungaba yizinsephe, amawundlu asendle, izinsephe noma impala. Insephe kaThomson iba isisulu esivame kakhulu sezingulule. Uma kungenjalo, khona-ke ama-cheetah azobeka amehlo awo kothile omncane, njenge-hares, noma izingulube.
Izingulule zizingelwa ngokwesimiso esikhethekile kunamanye amakati. Abazifihli noma bazifihle kulowo abangaba isisulu sabo. Basondela ngobunono nangokuthula ibangana elifinyelela kumamitha ayishumi. Bese kuza uchungechunge lwezimpumputhe ezinamandla ngokusheshisa okukhulu futhi isilo sigxumela inyamazane. Emangaza ngezidladla zakhe, umklinya ngemihlathi. Uma engatholi isilwane ngasizathu simbe emasekhondini ambalwa okuqala okujaha okukhulu, usinqanda ngokungazelele. Umsebenzi onjalo wemisipha uyakhathaza kakhulu, inhliziyo namaphaphu akukwazi ukuletha umoya-mpilo egazini ngokushesha okungaka isikhathi eside.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuphawula ukuthi imvamisa akakwazi ukuqala ukudla ngokushesha ngemuva kokunqotshwa kwesilwane esidliwayo. Ngemuva kokunyakaza okubukhali kwemisipha ngesikhathi sokusheshisa, udinga isikhathi esithile sokubuyisa ukuphefumula kwakhe nokuzola. Kodwa ezinye izilwane ezidlayo ngalesi sikhathi zingasondela kalula esiswini sazo zisicoshe noma ziqale ukudla khona lapho.
Futhi njengoba wonke amakati adlayo ahlala endaweni enamandla kunaye, akakwazi ngisho nokumela isidlo sakhe sakusihlwa. Izimpisi noma izinyoni ezidla inyama nazo zingakhipha isisulu esisetshenzisiwe. Ingulule uqobo lwayo ayikwenzi lokho. Udla kuphela isisulu asibambile, futhi angakunaki ngokuphelele isidumbu.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Cheetah
Impilo yengulule icishe ibe yiminyaka eyi-12 kuye kwangamashumi amabili. Amacala angajwayelekile okuphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-25 abhalisiwe, kepha, njengomthetho, lokhu kwenzeka ngokungavamile kakhulu. Isilwane sithanda ukuzingela kusukela ekuseni kakhulu noma eduze nokuhwalala. Ukushisa okukhulu kosuku uqobo kuyakhathaza. Kokubili izingulule zesilisa nezesifazane ziyazingela. Kokubili lokho nabanye bodwa.
Ngaphandle kokuthi i-cheetah idume kakhulu ngejubane layo nangokweqa okude okunamandla, ingabenza kuphela imizuzwana emihlanu kuya kweyisishiyagalombili. Ngemuva kwalokho uyaphuma futhi adinge ukuphefumula, futhi akuphelele. Imvamisa, ngenxa yalokhu, ulahlekelwa yisisulu sakhe, athathe isihlwathi isigamu sehora.
Ngakho-ke, izinsuku zakhe zichithwa ekuzingeleni okufishane okujulile nokuphumula okude. Imisipha evelele esiqwini, imilenze enamandla ayimenzi abe ngumzingeli oqinile, kunalokho, uyisibuthakathaka sezihlobo zakhe eziseduze kakhulu zamakati. Ngakho-ke, ngokwemvelo, izingulule zinenkinga enzima, futhi inani lazo lehle kakhulu emakhulwini eminyaka adlule.
Umuntu, nokho, wakuthola ukusetshenziswa kwabo ngesikhathi sakhe ekuzingeleni. ENkathini yasendulo naphakathi, izikhulu zazigcina okuphelele okubizwa ngokuthi izingulule enkantolo. Ukuphuma bayozingela, bakhipha amahhashi izilwane ezivalwe amehlo eduze komhlambi wezinselo. Lapho bavule amehlo balinda baze babasinda ngomdlalo. Izilwane ezikhathele zalayishwa zabuyiselwa kuma-mares, futhi inyamazane yathathwa yazithathela yona. Vele, babephakelwa enkantolo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ingulule kitten
Ama-cheetah yizilwane ezizodwa, ikakhulukazi abesifazane. Ngesikhathi se-rut, abesilisa, imvamisa abahlobene ngokobuhlobo, bazohlangana eqenjini elincane labantu abangafika kwabangu-4-5. Bazinakekela indawo lapho izinsikazi zikhona, ezizobambisana nabo futhi zivikele ekungenelweni kwabesilisa kwamanye amaqembu. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu kuboniswa ngokuhlanjululwa nokukhothana.
Isikhathi sonyaka sokukhwelana sibuthakathaka, imvamisa amachwane avela unyaka wonke. Ngukuthi ezifundeni eziseningizimu kuvinjelwe kakhulu isikhathi kusuka ngoNovemba kuya kuMashi, nasezifundeni ezisenyakatho kakhulu, kunalokho, kusuka ngoMashi kuya kuSepthemba. Kepha lokhu ngokwezibalo kuphela. Isikhathi sokuzala abantwana kuma-cheetah abesifazane sithatha cishe izinyanga ezintathu. Okungenani amabili, ubuningi bamawundlu ayisithupha azalwa, njengekati elijwayelekile lasekhaya. Isisindo sengulule esanda kuzalwa sisuka ku-150 kuye ku-300 amagremu, kuya ngenani laso enzalweni. Amawundlu amaningi, kuncipha isisindo sawo. Ngeshwa, uhhafu wabo ufa maduze, ngoba izinga lokusinda kwabo lincane.
Amathole azalwa engaboni futhi engenakuzisiza. Badinga ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo komama. Abesilisa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ababambiqhaza ekukhuliseni inzalo, kepha ngokushesha ngemuva kokukhwelana bayasuswa. Esontweni lesibili lokuphila, izingane zivula amehlo futhi ziqale ukufunda ukuhamba. Amabala amazinyane ezinyane cishe awahlukaniseki, avela kamuva, ngenkathi enengubo emnyama. Banayo yinde futhi ithambile, ngisho kukhona okufana nomhlwenga nentambo emsileni. Kamuva, uboya bokuqala buyawa, bese kuthatha isikhumba esinamabala. Ngesikhathi sezinyanga ezine, amawundlu afana nabantu abadala, abe mancane ngosayizi.
Isikhathi se-lactation sithatha izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili. Isizukulwane esisha siqala ukuzingela sodwa ngonyaka owodwa kuphela. Sonke lesi sikhathi basondele kunina, obondlayo, futhi afunde empilweni yakhe yokuba mdala, abalingise futhi badlale.
Izitha zemvelo zengulule
Isithombe: Ingulule yezilwane
Akulula izingulule endle, lezi zidlakela zinezitha eziningi phakathi kwezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye ezihlala nazo. Abagcini ngokudla inyamazane yabo, babancishe ukudla okujwayelekile, kepha futhi baphazamisa inzalo yabo.
Amawundlu engulule asengozini yonke indawo. Umama yedwa uyabakhulisa futhi akakwazi ukubalandela umzuzu nomzuzu. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kubalulekile ukuzitholela ukudla kanye namazinyane akhulayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, bangahlaselwa ngamabhubesi, izimpisi, izingwe.
Lezi zidlakela kwesinye isikhathi azihlaseli nje amawundlu kuphela, kodwa uma zilamba zingase futhi zihlasele umuntu omdala. Zidlula ingulule ngamandla nobukhulu, ziyasibulala isilwane.
Izinyoni ezidla inyama nazo ziyingozi - zingabamba kalula izinyane lekati endizeni bese lihamba nayo. Isitha esingancengi kakhulu se-cheetah ngumuntu. Uma efuna ukumbulala futhi asuse isikhumba, nakanjani uzokwenza. Uboya bubaluleke kakhulu emakethe, busetshenziselwa izesekeli zemfashini, izingubo nezinto zangaphakathi. Kusekhona abazingeli ababulala lezi zilwane ezingandile.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ama-Cheetahs avela e-Red Book
Izingulule seziyivelakancane kakhulu. Ososayensi kuphela abangahlola ubucayi besimo ngokuncipha kwenani lalezi zinhlobo. Kwehlile kusuka kubantu abayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu kuya kwabayizinkulungwane eziyishumi futhi kuyaqhubeka ukwehla. Sekuyisikhathi eside ama-Cheetah efakwe ohlwini lweRed Book ngaphansi kohlobo lohlobo olusengozini, kepha i-International Union for Conservation of Nature isibuyekezile lesi simo futhi yaphakamisa ukuthi ibabeke onqenqemeni lokuqothulwa ngokuphelele.
Manje isibalo sabantu ngabanye asidluli kuma-7100. Ama-Cheetah azala kabi lapho evalelwe. Kunzima kakhulu futhi ukuthi baphinde benze indawo yemvelo lapho bezizwa kahle futhi bezala khona ngenkuthalo. Badinga izimo ezikhethekile zezulu, ukungena endaweni engaziwa, isilwane siqala ukugula. Esikhathini esibandayo, bavame ukubamba imikhuhlane, lapho bangafa khona.
Kunezizathu ezimbili ezibalulekile zokwehla kwesibalo sezinhlobo:
- Ukwephulwa kwendawo yemvelo yezilwane kwezolimo, ukwakhiwa, ukonakaliswa kwemvelo kwengqalasizinda, ezokuvakasha;
- Ukuzingela ngokungemthetho.
Ukuqapha izingulule
Isithombe: Ingulule yezilwane
Muva nje, insimu yendawo engokwemvelo yama-cheetah incishiswe kakhulu. Ukuvikela lezi zilwane, kuyenziwa imizamo yokugcina izindawo ezithile zingathintwa ngabantu nemisebenzi yabo, ikakhulukazi uma isibalo sama-cheetah sikhona kule ndawo.
E-United Arab Emirates, ngesinye isikhathi kwakuthandwa kakhulu ukugcina lesi silwane ekhaya. Kodwa-ke, ekuthunjweni, abahlumi nhlobo, bafa ebusheni babo. Emzameni wokusindisa izilwane emvelweni embi, zabanjwa, zathuthwa, zathengiswa, zahlolwa. Kodwa konke lokhu kwasibhebhethekisa isimo. Ngesikhathi sokuhamba, izilwane zafa, kwathi lapho insimu ishintsha, impilo yazo nayo yancishiswa kakhulu.
Ososayensi nabezokuphepha babedidekile ngalolu daba futhi bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi izilwane zidinga ukuvikelwa kunoma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka, noma ngenhloso yokusiza. Ukuphela kwendlela yokulondoloza nokusiza umphakathi ukuthi ungabathinti kanye nezindawo okungezabo, lapho ingulule uyaphila futhi uyazala.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 10.02.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 16.09.2019 ngo-15: 28
