Impisi yasePolar iyi-subspecies yempisi ejwayelekile. Umdliwayo wesilwane esincelisayo ungowomndeni wakwaCanidae kanye nohlobo lweWolves. Ngokwenye yezinguqulo ezikhona namuhla, izimpisi ezibandayo zibhekwa njengokhokho bezinja zasekhaya zama-Samoyed ezifuywayo, kepha le mbono ayikasitholi isiqiniseko esingephikwe sesayensi.
Incazelo yempisi e-polar
Incazelo ejwayelekile yempisi ethandwayo ye-polar ayihlukile kakhulu kuzimpawu eziyisisekelo zokubukeka kozakwabo abajwayelekile abampunga. Lesi sici singenxa yokuthi umhlali we-tundra, ngokusho komnotho walezi zilwane ezincelisayo zasendle, kubhekwa njengama-subspecies empisi ejwayelekile ejwayelekile.
Ukubukeka, ubukhulu
Impisi ye-polar iyisilwane esikhulu esidle kahle, esithuthukile, esiqinile futhi esinamandla. Ukuphakama okumaphakathi kowesilisa osekhulile ekubuneni kuvame ukufika kuma-95-100 cm, kanti ubude bomzimba bungaba ngu-170-180 cm ngesisindo esimaphakathi esingu-85-92 kg. Kwesinye isikhathi kunabantu abakhulu futhi abakhulu ngokwengeziwe.
Usayizi wabesifazane abadala ngokwesilinganiso cishe u-13-15% mncane kunosayizi wabesilisa abavuthiwe ngokocansi. Izimpisi zase-Arctic polar zinejazi elincane, elikhanyayo kakhulu elinombala obomvu ongabonakali kakhulu, futhi linezindlebe ezincane ezimile, imilenze emide nomsila obushelelezi.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
Izimpisi ezibandayo zihlangana emihlambini emikhulu kakhulu, equkethe isilinganiso sabantu abayi-7-25. Esikhathini esiningi, umuntu angabona imihlambi okuthiwa yomndeni, engabandakanyi nje kuphela izithandani ezingabazali, kodwa futhi namazinyane awo nabantu abadala asebekhulile abavela ku-litter angaphambilini. Umhlambi owakhiwe, njengomthetho, uholwa ngumholi, kepha insikazi yakhe emhlambini inesikhundla esifanayo. Elinye iphakethe lilalela umholi futhi lizakhela isigaba salo sobukhosi.
Ekuzingeleni, ngesikhathi sokondla nangesikhathi sokukhulisa amawundlu nezilwane ezindala, ngaphakathi komhlambi, lonke usizo lunikezwa omunye komunye. Kaningi, eyodwa noma i-pair of izimpisi ezincane zinakekela wonke amawundlu, ngenkathi umama wazo eya ekuzingeleni. Ngokwesikhundla sobukhosi, ubudlelwano ngaphakathi kwephakeji benziwa ngolimi oluyinkimbinkimbi oluqukethe ukunyakaza, ukubhonga nokukhonkotha. Ukungqubuzana okubi kakhulu futhi okunegazi phakathi kwezimpisi akuvamile.
Ngosizo lwesici sokuhewula, impisi ye-polar yazisa abameleli bamanye amaphakethe ngobukhona bayo. Le yindlela ephawulwa ngayo insimu futhi kungenzeka ukugwema ukuhlangana okungafuneki, okungahle kube nezimpi. Izimpisi ezizodwa, njengomthetho, yizilwane ezisencane ezishiye iphakethe lazo lendabuko zahamba zayofuna indawo ehlukile. Lapho umhlaseli onjalo ethola indawo yamahhala, uyibeka ezindaweni ezithile ezinamaphuzu okuchama noma indle, ngaleyo ndlela ifune amalungelo ayo kuleyo ndawo.
Abantu abanesikhundla esiphakeme emhlambini badinga ukulalelwa okungabazeki kwezinye izilwane ezingaphansi, futhi ukubonakaliswa kokuzinikela kwesilwane kuhambisana nokululaza ukusicindezela phansi noma ukusibeka “emhlane”.
Iphila isikhathi eside kangakanani impisi
Isikhathi esiphilwa yimpisi yasendle singahluka kusuka eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kweyishumi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane ezinjalo zinokukhuthazela nempilo enhle. Ekuthunjweni, abamele le-subspecies banamandla okuphila iminyaka engamashumi amabili.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Impisi ye-polar ine-dimorphism yezocansi evezwe kahle. Abesilisa bavame ukuba bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane. Umehluko onjalo we-anatomical ubonakala kakhulu ngokuya ngobuningi bomzimba wezilwane ezidliwayo futhi awubonakali kangako ngobukhulu bawo bejometri. Imvamisa, isisindo esilinganisiwe sabesifazane abadala singama-80-85% wesisindo esimaphakathi sabesilisa abavuthiwe ngokocansi. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinkomba ezijwayelekile zobude bomzimba wowesifazane ovuthiwe ngokocansi azidluli kuma-87-98% wobude bomzimba wesilisa.
Indawo yokuhlala
Indawo engokwemvelo yempisi ese-polar yi-Arctic ne-tundra, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezibalulekile ezimbozwe yiqhwa, kanye namathayela eqhwa ngamanye. Namuhla, izimpisi ezisezindaweni ezibandayo zihlala ezindaweni eziningi ezisezindaweni ezibandayo, okuthi izinyanga eziyisihlanu zicwiliswe ngokuphelele ebumnyameni futhi zincishwe ukushisa kwelanga. Ukuze zisinde, izilwane ezidla ezinye ezincelisayo ziyakwazi ukudla cishe noma yikuphi ukudla.
Izimpisi zasePolar zikwazi ukujwayela impilo ezimweni ezinzima zase-Arctic, ziyakwazi ukuhlala iminyaka ezimeni zokushisa okubandayo okuphansi, zilambe amasonto futhi zingangeni elangeni izinyanga. Njengamanje, lezi zilwane zihlala kwenye yezindawo ezingenalutho kakhulu emhlabeni wethu, lapho, ukuqala ngo-Ephreli, izinga lokushisa lingaqabuki likhuphuke ngaphezu kuka -30 ° C.
Ukushaya njalo imimoya enamandla futhi ebanda kakhulu kubangela ukuthi imibuso yamazinga okushisa ibonakale iphansi kakhulu kunezinkomba ezikhona, ngakho-ke, inhlabathi efriziwe kakhulu ivumela kuphela uhlaza olunezimpande ezimfushane kakhulu ukuthi lusinde. Zimbalwa izilwane ezincelisayo, kuhlanganise nalezo ezizingelwa izimpisi ezibandayo, ezikwazi ukuphila ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kangako.
Ukudla kwempisi yePolar
Ezikhaleni ezivulekile ze-Arctic, kungaba nzima kakhulu ukuthi impisi yase-polar ithole indawo yokuhlala enhle, evumela umhlaseli ukuba ahlasele isisulu ngokungalindelekile. Lapho umhlambi wezimpisi ezindala uhlangabezana nomhlambi wezinkabi ezingama-musk, njengomthetho, ziyakwazi ukuthatha ukuzivikela okuthembekile okuzungezile. Kulokhu, izilwane ezidla ezinye azikwazi ukweqa umgoqo ophilayo omelwe yizimpondo ezinde nezinselo ezinamandla. Ngakho-ke, iphakethe lezimpisi lingabamba kuphela isikhathi salo futhi livivinye ukubekezela kwezinkabi ze-musk. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinzwa zama-artiodactyls azikwazi ukumelana nokucindezeleka okunjalo, futhi isiyingi siyavula.
Kwesinye isikhathi, zigijima ngokushesha zizungeze izinkabi ze-musk, izimpisi zikwazi ukuphoqa kalula isisulu sazo ukuba sishintshe ukuma ukuze zingabe zisakwazi ukubona abahlaseli. Amaqhinga anjalo awazisizi izimpisi zase-polar kaningi, kepha uma izidalwa zinenhlanhla, ekugcineni, izilwane ezinamakhanda ahlukene, zihluleka ukubekezela futhi zihlakazeke, zibe yizisulu ezilula. Izimpisi zigijimela inyamazane yazo, zizama ukushaya izilwane ezincane kakhulu noma ezibuthakathaka kakhulu emhlambini jikelele. Njengoba sezidlulile isisulu sazo, izimpisi ezibandayo ziyasibamba futhi ngokuhlanganyela sizishaye phansi. Kodwa-ke, kuphela ukuzingelwa kweshumi kuphela okuphumelelayo, yingakho izimpisi ezibandayo zivame ukubulawa yindlala izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Ekwindla nasebusika, amaphakethe ezimpisi ezibandayo aya kancane kancane endaweni yezindawo ezifanele impilo, lapho isilwane esincelisayo esizokwazi ukuthola inani elanele lokudla. Izikole zezimpisi zifudukela ezindaweni eziseningizimu zilandela imihlambi emikhulu yezinyamazane. Kuyizinkabi zemiski nezinyamazane okuyizisulu eziyinhloko nezikhulu kakhulu amaphakethe ezimpisi ezibandayo akwazi ukuzingela. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukudla kwezilwane ezidla ezinye kufaka ama-hares polar kanye nama-lemmings. Njengoba kade ilambile izinsuku ezimbalwa, impisi esikhulile ingadla kuze kufike kumakhilogremu ayishumi enyama entsha esidlweni esisodwa. Ukungalingani kokudla okunomsoco kwesinye isikhathi kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi umhlaseli, ngokwesibonelo, udla umvundla ophelele ngoboya, isikhumba namathambo ngasikhathi.
Amathambo ezidlova zezimpisi ezibandayo achotshozwa ngamazinyo awo anamandla kakhulu, isibalo saso singama-42, kanti isilwane esidliwayo asihlwayi inyama futhi simane sigwinywe sibe yizicucu ezinkulu ngokwanele.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Abesilisa be-wolf polar bafinyelela ebusheni lapho beneminyaka emithathu, kanti abesifazane bavuthwa ngokocansi ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila. Isikhathi sokumataniswa kwesilwane esincelisayo esidlayo siwela ngoMashi. Ukukhulelwa ezimpungwini zesifazane ezibandayo kuhlala izinsuku ezingama-61-63, ngemuva kwalokho, njengokuzalwa, kuzalwa amawundlu amane noma amahlanu.
Umholi wesifazane kuphela onelungelo lokuzala inzalo ephaketheni lezimpisi, ngakho-ke, ubulembu obuzalwa kunoma yimuphi omunye umuntu wesifazane bubhujiswa khona manjalo. Lesi sici singenxa yokuthi kunzima kakhulu ukondla inani elikhulu ngokweqile lamazinyane empisi ezimweni ezinzima zemvelo. Ama-oda afanayo nawo asungulwa phakathi kwezimpisi ezihlala e-Afrika.
Ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphela kwenkathi yokukhwelana, impisi ekhulelwe ishiya umhlambi ofuduka ekwindla nasebusika, okuvumela insikazi ukuthi izitholele umgodi ofanele futhi ophephile. Kwesinye isikhathi impisi eyinduna ihlomisa umhume onjalo yodwa, kepha uma inhlabathi iba yiqhwa kakhulu, khona-ke insikazi iletha inzalo emfantwini onamadwala noma emgodini omdala. Izimpisi ezisencane zezingane zizalwa ziyimpumputhe ngokuphelele futhi zingenakuzisiza, kanye nokuvuleka kwezindlebe ngokuphelele. Amawundlu asanda kuzalwa anesisindo esilinganiselwa ku-380-410 amagremu.
Ekuqaleni, amawundlu ancike ngokuphelele kunina, owondla ngobisi lwakhe, kepha cishe lapho enenyanga eyodwa ubudala, amawundlu asekhulile asekwazi kakade ukondla inyama egaywe isigamu eboshwe yindoda. Ngowesilisa okuthi, emva kokuzalwa kwenzalo, alethe ukudla kowesifazane nasemawundlu akhe. Ngokudla okwanele, izimpisi ezincane ezisekuqaleni kwehlobo zithola ilungelo eligcwele lokuba ngaphakathi kwepakethe futhi ziyakwazi ukufuduka nezimpisi ezindala ezibandayo.
Izimpisi zasePolar zingabazali abanakekelayo nabanomthwalo wemfanelo abazivikela ngesibindi izingane zabo futhi kusukela ebuncaneni obukhulu bafundisa amawundlu abo izisekelo zokusinda ezimweni zemvelo ezinzima.
Izitha zemvelo
Ngaphandle kwesimo sezulu esibuhlungu endaweni abahlala kuyo, izimpisi ezisezindaweni ezibandayo zivumelane kahle nempilo engenakho ukukhanya kwelanga nokushisa, zinokuzivikela komzimba okuhle futhi ziqinile ngendlela emangalisayo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, izimpisi ezibandayo azinazitha emvelweni. Kwesinye isikhathi, lezi zilwane zingahlaselwa ngamabhere noma zife lapho zilwa nezihlobo zazo. Isizathu sokufa kwempisi yasemanzini kungenzeka futhi kube yindlala ende kakhulu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Izimpisi zasePolar ukuphela kwezinhlobo zezimpisi namuhla, amaphakethe azo manje ahlala ezindaweni zakudala ezazihlala okhokho bazo. Inani eliphelele lempisi yasemaphandleni cishe alizange lihlupheke ngenxa yokuzingelwa kwalo ngabantu, ngenxa yezici ezikhethekile zendawo yokusabalalisa yesilwane esinjalo. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yokungabi bikho kokungenelela komuntu okuveziwe, inani lempisi le-polar lihlala lingashintshi amakhulu eminyaka.
