ICoo salmon ingenye yezinhlanzi ezinhle kakhulu kwezentengiso ePacific Northwest. ICoo salmon yaziswa ngabadobi ngokudoba okulula nokunenzuzo, kanye nenyama emnandi.
Incazelo yekhoho salmon
Le yinhlanzi enesikhathi esifushane sokuhlala olwandle, futhi ithanda kakhulu amanzi afudumele amanzi angenasawoti.... I-salmon yama-coho inezici eziningi eziyihlukanisa namanye amalungu e-salmon yasePacific. Abantu abancane abaphethe izingane banezinsini ezimhlophe, izilimi ezimnyama nezindawo eziningi ezincane ngemuva. Ngesikhathi sesigaba solwandle, umzimba wabo uyisilivere, ngensimbi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emuva, ngokuma okuyi-oblong, isicabalele eceleni. Umsila we-squat we-salmon coho ubanzi ezansi unamabala amnyama ahlakazeke ngaphezulu, imvamisa ngaphezulu. Inhloko inkulu, inesimo esiyindilinga. Ngesikhathi sokufudukela emanzini olwandle, i-coho salmon iba namazinyo amancane, abukhali.
Kuyathakazelisa!Isisindo sabantu abadala sisuka ku-1.9 kuye ku-7 kilograms. Kepha izinhlanzi ezingaphandle kwalolu hlu zivamile, ikakhulukazi eNyakatho yeBritish Columbia nase-Alaska. Ezincane ezizalela abesilisa, ezingamasentimitha angama-25 kuye kwangama-35 ubude, zaziwa njenge-jacks.
Babuyela emifudlaneni yokhokho babo ngonyaka owodwa ngaphambi kwabanye abantu abadala. Ngokuya ngesigaba sempilo, lezi zinhlanzi zishintsha ukubukeka kwazo. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, amaduna amadala akhula ikhala elihlukile, kanti umbala womzimba nawo uyashintsha ube bomvu. I-hump enkulu itholakala ngemuva kwekhanda lenhlanzi, umzimba uthambeke kakhulu. Ukubukeka kowesifazane kudlula kuzinguquko ezincane kakhulu, ezingabonakali kangako.
Ukubukeka
I-salmon yeCoho ivame ukubizwa nge-salmon yesiliva futhi ibe nomhlane ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka onamacala we-silvery nesisu esilula. Inhlanzi ichitha ingxenye yesithathu yokuphila kwayo olwandle. Ngalesi sikhathi, unombala okhethekile onamabala amancane amnyama ngemuva nangaphezulu komsila. Lapho ungena emanzini amasha ngesikhathi sokuzala, umzimba wezinhlanzi uthola umbala omnyama, obomvu-burgundy ezinhlangothini. Abesilisa abazalanayo baba nesifinyila esigobile, esifakwe ugibe futhi bakhulise amazinyo abo.
Ngaphambi kokuba izinsizwa zifudukele olwandle, zilahlekelwa yimifanekiso yemivimbo emile namachashazi alusizo lokuzifihla emanzini asemanzini angenasawoti. Ngokuphindaphindiwe, bathola umbala omnyama wangemuva nesisu esilula, esilusizo lokufihla ezindaweni zasolwandle.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
I-fish coho salmon ingummeleli we-fauna wezilwane. Zizalwa emanzini angenasawoti, zichitha unyaka emigodini nasemifuleni, bese zifudukela endaweni yasolwandle yolwandle ukuyofuna ukudla okuzokukhula kanye nentuthuko. Ezinye izinhlobo zihamba ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayi-1600 zinqamula olwandle, kanti ezinye zihlala ezilwandle eziseduze kwamanzi ahlanzekile lapho zazalelwa khona. Zichitha isikhathi esingangonyaka nesigamu zondla olwandle, bese zibuyela ezinqolobaneni zamanzi ahlanzekile zokhokho bazo ukuze zizale. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ekwindla noma ekuqaleni kobusika.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ukufa kwe-salmon ye-coho akunakubhekwa njengeze. Ngemuva kokuzala nokuzala, imizimba yabo isebenza njengomthombo obalulekile wamandla nezakhi zomzimba womzimba wamanzi. Izidumbu ezilahliwe zikhonjisiwe ukwenza ngcono ukukhula nokusinda kwe-salmon echanyuselwe ngokwethula izinhlanganisela ze-nitrogen ne-phosphorus emifudlaneni.
I-salmon yabantu abadala ivame ukuba nesisindo esingu-3.5 kuye ku-5.5 kilograms futhi ingamasentimitha angama-61 kuye kwangama-76 ubude. Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwenzeka phakathi kweminyaka yobudala emi-3 nengu-4. Ekuqaleni kokuthomba, kufika isikhathi sokukhwelana nokuzala. Insikazi imba izidleke zamatshe phansi komfula, lapho izalela khona amaqanda. Uzifukamela amasonto ayisithupha kuya kwayi-6, kuze kube yilapho kuzalwa ifry. Wonke ama-salmon e-coho afa ngemuva kokuzala. Amafry asanda kuchanyuselwa ahlala emifantwini engajulile yegravel kuze kumunceke isikhuphasha.
Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani i-coho salmon
Njengazo zonke izinhlobo ze-salmon zasePacific, ama-salmon ama-coho anomjikelezo wokuphila omangazayo.... Isikhathi sokuphila isilinganiso seminyaka emi-3 kuye kwengu-4, kepha abanye besilisa bangafa kungakapheli iminyaka emibili. Ziphuma esigabeni samaqanda ngasekupheleni kobusika, amaphuphu adla izinambuzane ezincane unyaka owodwa ngaphambi kokuthuthela olwandle. Zichitha iminyaka engaba mibili olwandle, zisheshise ukukhula kwazo ngonyaka odlule. Lapho sezivuthiwe, zivala umbuthano ngokuthuthela emanzini azo emvelo ukuze ziqedele umjikelezo wazo wokuphila ngokuzala. Ngemuva kokuphela kokuzala, abantu abadala babulawa yindlala, futhi izidumbu zabo ziba wumgogodla womjikelezo wezakhamzimba ohlelweni lwezinto eziphilayo.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ngokomlando, i-coho salmon yayisabalele futhi igcwele ezindaweni eziningi ezisogwini zaseCentral naseNyakatho California, kusukela eSmith River eduze nomngcele we-Oregon kuya eSan Lorenzo River, eSanta Cruz County, ogwini oluphakathi kweCalifornia. Le nhlanzi itholakala eNyakatho yePacific Ocean nasemifuleni eminingi engasogwini ukusuka e-Alaska kuya enkabeni yeCalifornia. ENyakatho Melika, kuvame kakhulu ezindaweni ezisogwini ukusuka eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Alaska kuya enkabeni ye-Oregon. Kuningi eKamchatka, okuncane eziqhingini zaseCommander. Inani labantu eliphakeme kunawo wonke lifana nogu lwaseCanada.
Kuyathakazelisa!Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukusatshalaliswa nobuningi babantu be-salmon kuye kwehla kakhulu. Isatholakala ezinhlelweni zemifula emikhulu kakhulu, futhi imizila eminingi yokuzala iye yehliswa kakhulu ngosayizi futhi isuswe emithanjeni eminingi.
Engxenyeni eseningizimu yebanga, ama-salmon ama-coho njengamanje awekho kuyo yonke imingenela yeSan Francisco Bay nasemanzini amaningi aseningizimu ye-Bay. Lokhu kungenzeka kungenxa yemiphumela emibi yokwanda kwamadolobha kanye nezinye izinguquko ze-anthropogenic ezindaweni zamanzi nasezindaweni zezinhlanzi. ICoo salmon imvamisa ihlala emifudlaneni emincane yasogwini kanye nemifula emikhulu efana noKlamath River system.
Ukudla kwe-salmon Coho
Ezimweni zamanzi angenasawoti, i-coho salmon idla ama-plankton nezinambuzane. Olwandle, bashintshela ekudleni kwezinhlanzi ezincane ezinjenge-herring, i-gerbil, ama-anchovies nama-sardine. Abantu abadala futhi bavame ukuzondla ngezinhlobo zezinye izinhlobo ze-salmon, ikakhulukazi i-salmon e-pink ne-chum salmon. Izinhlobo ezithile zezinhlanzi ezidliwayo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngendawo yokuhlala nesikhathi sonyaka.
Ukuzala nenzalo
I-coho salmon evuthiwe ngokocansi ingena ezimweni zamanzi angenasawoti ukuze izale kusuka ngoSepthemba kuya kuJanuwari.... Uhambo lude kakhulu, izinhlanzi zihamba ikakhulu ebusuku. Emifudlaneni yogu emfushane yaseCalifornia, ukufuduka kuvame ukuqala maphakathi noNovemba futhi kuqhubeke kuze kube maphakathi noJanuwari. ICoo salmon inyuka ngomfula ngemuva kwezimvula ezinamandla, iveze iziqeshana ezinesihlabathi ezingakha emilanjeni yemifudlana eminingi yasogwini lwaseCalifornia, kepha ingangena emifuleni emikhulu.
Emifuleni iKlamath ne-Eel, ukuzala kuvame ukwenzeka ngoNovemba nangoDisemba. Abesifazane bavame ukukhetha amasayithi okuzalanisa anezigaxa eziphakathi kwezinhle noma ezinhle. Bamba izidleke zamakhefu ngokuphenduka ngokwengxenye yabo. Kusetshenziswa ukunyakaza komsila okunamandla, okusheshayo, kukhishwa ngenkani bese kuthuthwa ibanga elifushane kwehle umfula. Ukuphinda lesi senzo kudala ukucindezeleka okusaqanda okwanele ukuhlalisa umuntu wesifazane omdala. Amaqanda nobisi (isidoda) kukhishelwa esidlekeni, lapho ngenxa ye-hydrodynamics zihlala zize zifihlwe.
Cishe amaqanda ayikhulu noma ngaphezulu abekwa esidlekeni ngasinye se-salmon yabesifazane. Amaqanda avundisiwe angcwatshwa amatshe njengoba owesifazane emba okunye ukucindezeleka ngqo emfuleni, bese inqubo iyaphinda. Ukuzalela kuthatha cishe isonto elilodwa, lapho i-coho izalela khona amaqanda angama-1 000 kuya ku-3 000. Izici zendawo nokwakhiwa kwesidleke kuvame ukuhlinzeka ngama-aeration amahle amaqanda, imibungu kanye nokukhuculula imfucuza.
Kuyathakazelisa!Isikhathi sokufukamela sihlobene ngokungafani nokushisa kwamanzi. Amaqanda achamisela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-48 ku-9 degrees Celsius nezinsuku ezingama-38 kuma-11 degrees Celsius. Ngemuva kokuchanyuselwa, izihlahla zodaka ziyaguquka ngombala.
Lesi yisigaba esengozini enkulu kakhulu yempilo ye-salmon ye-coho, lapho kuthinteka kakhulu ukuthi kungcwatshwe khona udaka, kubanda, kuhlanganiswe nokunyakaza kwetshezi, ukoma kanye ne-predation. Ama-Alevins ahlala esikhaleni esiphakathi kwegravel amasonto amabili kuya kwayishumi kuze kube yilapho kumunca amasaka ama-yolk.
Ngalesi sikhathi, umbala wabo ushintshela kufry ejwayelekile. Imibala yombala we-Fry kusuka esiliva kuya ku-shades yegolide, enezimpawu ezinkulu, eziqondile, ezimaqanda nezimnyama kulayini womzimba ohlangothini. Mincane kunezikhala eziyinhloko zombala ezibahlukanisayo.
Izitha zemvelo
Isibalo sabantu salmon sibhekene nezinguquko ezimweni zasolwandle nezesimo sezulu, ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala ngenxa yokuhlelwa kwedolobha nokwakhiwa kwamadamu. Ukwehla kwekhwalithi yamanzi, okubangelwa imisebenzi yezolimo nokugawulwa kwemithi, nakho kuthinta kabi.
Imizamo yokongiwa kwemvelo ifaka phakathi ukususwa nokuguqulwa kwamadamu avimbela ukufuduka kwama-salmon. Ukubuyiselwa kwezindawo zokuhlala esezonakele, ukutholakala kwezindawo zokuhlala ezibalulekile, ukwenziwa ngcono kwekhwalithi yamanzi nokugeleza kuyaqhubeka.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isilinganiso sakamuva sosayizi wango-2012 sabantu base-Alaska sikhombise idatha engaphezulu kwesilinganiso... Isimo se-coho salmon labantu eCalifornia nasePacific Northwest siyahluka. Kusukela ngo-2017, munye kuphela wezinhlobo eziningana zalezi zinhlanzi obhalwe kuRed Book njengengcuphe.
Izizathu zalokhu kuncishiswa ikakhulukazi zihlobene nabantu futhi ziningi futhi ziyaxhumana, kepha zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu ezibanzi:
- ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala efanelekile;
- ukudoba ngokweqile;
- izimo zezulu ezifana nezimo zolwandle kanye nemvula eyeqile.
Imisebenzi yabantu ehlotshaniswa nokwehla kwama-salmonid ifaka ukudotshwa ngokweqile kwezinhlanzi zamasheya olwandle kanye nokulahleka nokonakala kwezindawo ezingasetshenziswa zamanzi ahlanzekile nezindawo ezihlala olwandle. Lesi simo sivele ngenxa yoshintsho emithonjeni yomhlaba neyamanzi ehlobene nezolimo, amahlathi, izimayini zamatshe, ukufuduswa kwabantu emadolobheni, ukutholakala kwamanzi nokulawulwa kwemifula.
Inani lokuhweba
I-salmon yeChoho iyitshe elibalulekile lokuhweba olwandle nasemifuleni. Le nhlanzi ifaka isithathu kwigrafu yokuqukethwe kwamafutha, ngaphambi kwabaphikisi ababili kuphela - i-sockeye salmon ne-chinook salmon. Ukubanjwa kufriziwe, usawoti, ukudla okusemathinini kulungiswa kuwo. Futhi esikalini sezimboni, kusetshenziswa amafutha nemfucuza ukwenza ufulawa wokudla. Kunezindlela eziningi ezingasetshenziswa ukubamba i-coho salmon. Kulezi zifundo kusethwe namanethi okudoba, kanye nokudoba okuntanta. Zonke lezi zindlela zinezinzuzo zazo futhi zinikeza ukuthakazelisa okuthile kumuntu okhanyayo.
Kuzothakazelisa futhi:
- Inhlanzi yezinhlanzi
- Izinhlanzi ezihamba kancane
- Izinhlanzi ze-trout
- Izinhlanzi zeMackerel
Izithiyo ezivamile zamanzi angenasawoti ezisetshenziselwa i-coho salmon zifaka izinkezo, izintambo zombala zethusi noma zesiliva. Isithiyelo esisetshenziselwa ukukhukhuleka kwabantu ngabanye sihlanganisa amaqanda nezikelemu zomhlaba.
