AmaCoyotes, awaziwa nangokuthi yizimpisi zedlelo (isiLatini sihumusha ngokuthi "inja ekhonkothayo."
Incazelo ye-Coyote
Izinhlobo ze-Coyote zimelwe yizinhlobo eziyishumi nesishiyagalolunye, eziyishumi nesithupha zazo ezihlala endaweni yaseMelika, Canada naseMexico, kanti izinhlobo ezintathu ezisezingeni eliphansi zihlala eMelika Ephakathi. Ensimini Yezwe Elisha, izimpisi zasemadolobheni zihlala endaweni efanayo nezimpungushe e-Eurasia.
Ukubukeka
Usayizi womzimba wama-coyotes ubonakala ungaphansi kwezimpisi ezijwayelekile.... Ubude besidalwa esidala bungamasentimitha angama-75-100 kuphela, futhi umsila cishe uyikota yemitha. Ukuphakama kwesilwane ekubuneni akukwedluli ku-45-50 cm. Isisindo sobukhulu besilwane esidlayo sihluka ngaphakathi kuka-7-21 kg. Kanye nezinye izinja zasendle, izimpisi zasendle zinezindlebe eziqondile nomsila omude opholile.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-coyotes asezintabeni anoboya obumnyama, kuyilapho izidalwa zasogwadule zinoboya obukhanya ngokukhanyayo.
AmaCoyotes abonakala ngoboya obude obunsundu obunamabala amnyama kanye namnyama. Endaweni yesisu, uboya bukhanya kakhulu, futhi ekugcineni kwomsila, kumnyama bumsulwa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezimpisi ezivamile, ama-coyotes ahlukaniswa ngomlomo ohlangane futhi ocijile, ofana ncamashi nempungushe.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
AmaCoyotes aguqule kangcono kakhulu kunezimpisi ahlala eduze kwendawo yokuhlala abantu futhi enza amakoloni izindawo ezicishe zifane nabantu. Izimpisi zaseMeadow, njengomthetho, zihlola izindawo ezingamahlathi futhi zikhetha izindawo eziphansi - amathafa nezingwadule. Kwesinye isikhathi zitholakala emaphethelweni amadolobha amakhulu kanye nezindawo ezinkulu ngokwanele. Kubamele bonke ama-subspecies, ukubonakaliswa komsebenzi omkhulu ngokuqala kokuhlwa kuyisici.
Ama-coyotes amadala alungile ekumbeni izimbobo, kepha futhi angahlala ezindlini zabanye ezingenalutho.... Insimu ejwayelekile yesilwane esingamakhilomitha angaba yishumi nesishiyagalolunye, futhi imizila emakwe umchamo isetshenziselwa ukuhamba kwezilwane. Ezindaweni lapho izimpisi ezivamile zingekho ngokuphelele noma izinombolo zazo zingabalulekile, ama-coyotes akwazi ukuzala ngokushesha okukhulu nangokuzimisela.
Yize sincane, isilwane esincelisayo singagxuma amamitha amathathu kuya kwamane futhi sikhule ngesivinini esifinyelela ku-40-65 km / h ngenkathi sigijima. Abaningi abamele umndeni wakwaCanidae sekuyisikhathi eside behamba ezinyathelweni zabatholayo futhi baqala izimpande ngaphandle kwezinkinga cishe kunoma yiziphi izimo ezintsha. Ekuqaleni, indawo yama-coyotes yayihlala kuphela ezindaweni eziseningizimu nasenkabeni yeNyakatho Melika, kepha manje cishe lonke izwekazi lihlala ama-subspecies.
Ahlala isikhathi esingakanani ama-coyotes?
Ngokwemvelo, ama-coyotes ajwayele ukuhlala iminyaka engekho ngaphezulu kweshumi, kanti ubude besikhathi sokuphila kwesidalwa ekuthunjweni cishe iminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili.
Izinhlobo zama-coyotes
Njengamanje, izinhlobo ezingaphansi kweshumi nesishiyagalolunye zezimpisi zasemathafeni ziyaziwa njengamanje:
- C. ama-latrans latrans;
- C. latrans carrotis;
- C. latrans clerticus;
- C. latrans diсkeyi;
- C. ama-latrans frustrоr;
- C. latrans igolide;
- C. latrans hondurensis;
- C. ama-latrans imperavidus;
- C. latrans incolatus;
- C. latrans jamesi;
- C. ama-latrans lestes;
- C. latrans mearsi;
- C. i-latrans microdon;
- C. latrans ochropus;
- C.i-latrans peninsulae;
- C. latrans techensis;
- C. latrans thammnos;
- C. latrans umрquensis;
- C. ama-latrans vigilis.
Indawo yokuhlala
Indawo eyinhloko yokusatshalaliswa kwempisi yasesigodini imelwe yiNtshonalanga nengxenye emaphakathi yeNyakatho Melika. Ukubhujiswa okukhulu kwezindawo zamahlathi nokuqothulwa kwalabo abancintisana nabo abakhulu ngokuya ngokudla, okumelwe yizimpisi ezivamile futhi ezibomvu, kwavumela ama-coyotes ukuba asabalale ezindaweni ezinkulu uma kuqhathaniswa nobubanzi bokuqala bomlando.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-Coyotes azivumelanisa kalula ne-anthropogenic landscape, futhi ezindaweni ezinezintaba izilwane ezinjalo ezidlayo zitholakala ngisho nasezingeni eliphakeme lamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ngaphezu kolwandle.
Eminyakeni eyikhulu eyedlule, izimpisi zasemathafeni zaziyizakhamuzi zakuqala zalesigodi, kodwa manje ama-coyotes atholakala cishe yonke indawo, kusukela eMelika Ephakathi kuya e-Alaska.
Ukudla kwe-Coyote
Ama-coyotes angamakhemikhali futhi angathobeki ngokweqile ezidliwayo zokudla, kepha ingxenye ebalulekile yokudla imelwe ngokudla okuvela ezilwaneni, kufaka phakathi ama-hares kanye nonogwaja, izinja zasemaphandleni, izimbila nezingwejezi ezisemhlabathini, amagundane amancane. Ama-Raccoon, ama-ferrets nama-possum, ama-beaver, izinyoni kanye nezinye izinambuzane kaningi ziba yizisulu zamakhowe. Izimpisi zaseMeadow zibhukuda kahle kakhulu futhi ziyakwazi ukuzingela ngempumelelo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane zasemanzini, ezimelwe yizinhlanzi, amaxoxo kanye nezinsizwa.
Kule minyaka eyishumi ehlobo nasekuqaleni kokwindla, izimpisi zasemadlelweni zidla amajikijolo ngenjabulo nazo zonke izinhlobo zezithelo, kanye namantongomane nembewu ye-sunflower. Ngokuqala kobusika, ama-coyotes ahlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ashintshela ekudleni okwamukelekayo futhi adle izidumbu nezilwane ezibuthakathaka, ezindala noma ezigulayo. Izilwane ezihlala emapaki kazwelonke zijwayela abantu ngokushesha, ngakho-ke ziyakwazi ukuthatha ukudla ngisho nasesandleni somuntu.
Ngokuya ngemininingwane evela ekuhlaziyweni kokuqukethwe kwesisu kwama-coyotes, ukudla okujwayelekile kwesilwane esidlayo:
- isidumbu - 25%;
- amagundane amancane - 18%;
- imfuyo - 13.5%;
- izinyamazane zasendle - 3.5%;
- izinyoni - 3.0%;
- izinambuzane - 1.0%;
- ezinye izilwane - 1.0%;
- imikhiqizo yemifino - 2.0%.
Izimpisi zasePrairie azivamile ukuhlasela imfuyo yabantu abadala nezinkulu, nezinyamazane zasendle, kepha ziyaphoqeleka ukuzingela amawundlu noma amathole asanda kuzalwa.
Ukuzala nenzalo
AmaCoyotes kungenzeka akhe ama-pair kanye futhi impilo yonke. Izimpisi zaseMeadow zingabazali abanomthwalo wemfanelo futhi abanakile, banakekela izingane zabo ngokuthinta. Isikhathi sokuzalisa okusebenzayo singoJanuwari noma ngoFebhuwari. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga ezimbalwa. Ngemuva kokuvela kwezingane, amantshontsho amadala azingela ngokushintshana futhi aqaphe ngokwethembeka umgodi, omelwe ngumhosha ongajulile noma umsele onamadwala. Umndeni ngamunye wezimpisi zasemathafeni unezindawo zokuhlala ezimbalwa, lapho abazali bedlulisela khona izingane zabo ngokusola okuncane kobungozi.
Izimpisi zasePrairie zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi zineminyaka engaba yonyaka owodwa, kepha, njengomthetho, imibhangqwana eshadile yengeza kuphela ngemuva kokufinyelela eminyakeni emibili. Ku-udoti, imvamisa kusuka ezinkulungwaneni ezine kuya kweziyishumi nambili izalwa, ezibonakala kuphela ezinsukwini eziyishumi ubudala. Ngenyanga yokuqala, ama-coyotes adla ubisi lukamama, ngemuva kwalokho amawundlu aqala ukushiya kancane kancane emgodini wawo, futhi imidlwane ikwazi ukuzimela ngokuphelele ekwindla kuphela. Abesilisa bavame ukushiya umgodi wabazali, futhi abesifazane abavuthiwe ngokobulili, kunalokho, bakhetha ukuhlala emhlambini wabazali. Inani elikhulu kakhulu lezilwane ezisencane liyafa ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila.
Bobabili abazali babelana ngokunakekelwa okufanayo kwezingane ezikhulayo... Ezinsukwini zokuqala ngemuva kokuzalwa kwemidlwane, insikazi ayishiyi nakancane umgodi, ngakho-ke, zonke izinkinga zokuthola ukudla zixazululwa ngokuphelele yindoda, eshiya amagundane emnyango womgodi, kepha futhi ingabuyisela emuva ukudla okugaywe uhhafu. Lapho nje imidlwane ikhula kancane, bobabili abazali baqala ukubamba iqhaza ekuzingeleni. Kaningi, imidlwane evela kwabesifazane ababili noma abathathu iyazalwa futhi ikhule ndawonye emgodini omkhulu. Kuyaziwa futhi ukuthi ama-coyotes ahlangana nezimpisi noma izinja ezifuywayo nezasendle, okuholela kubantu abayingxube.
Izitha zemvelo
Izitha eziyinhloko zemvelo zama-coyotes amadala ama-cougars nezimpisi. Izilwane ezincane ezingakhuli ngokugcwele zingaba yisisulu esanele sezinkozi noKlebe, izikhova, izinkuku, izinja ezinkulu, noma amanye amankankane amadala. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ingaphansi kwengxenye yabantu abasha abakwaziyo ukusinda baze bafinyelele eminyakeni yokuthomba.
Kuyathakazelisa! Impungushe ebomvu ingabhekwa njengomncintiswano omkhulu wokudla ongasusa i-coyote endaweni ehlala abantu.
Izifo eziningi ezibucayi, ezibandakanya amarabi kanye nezifo ze-nematode, zibhekene nezinga lokufa eliphakeme phakathi kwezimpisi zasemaphandleni, kepha abantu babhekwa njengesitha esikhulu se-coyote. Ukuqoqa izinja nezicupho, izithiyo ze-strychnine ne-arsenic, nokushisa zonke izindawo kusetshenziselwe ukulwa nenani lama-coyotes akhula ngokushesha. Okuthandwa kakhulu kwakuyi-pesticide "1080", eqothule ngempumelelo hhayi ama-coyotes kuphela, kodwa nezinye izilwane eziningi. Ukuqoqwa kwenhlabathi namanzi, ubuthi "1080" kubangele ukulimala okungenakulungiseka ku-ecosystem, ngenxa yalokho kwavinjelwa ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Izimpisi zaseMeadow zisakazekile futhi zivamile... AmaCoyotes, njengezilwane, ahlukaniswe ngokucacile ngesikhathi sePliocene esedlule, cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-2.3 edlule. Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho ama-coyotes akwazi ukuzihlukanisa nokhokho ovamile ekukhuleni kwawo. Njengamanje, izimpisi zasemaphandleni zibalwa phakathi kwezinhlobo, iningi labantu elibangela ukukhathazeka okuncane.
