I-Indian squirrel giant yaziwa kangcono kubahlali baseHindustan nasezindaweni eziseduze ngaphansi kwamanye amagama amabili - i-ratufa ne-malabar.
Incazelo yengwejeje yaseNdiya
URatufa indica ungomunye wamalungu amane ohlobo lweGiant Squirrels, olilungu lomndeni weSikwele.... Kuyinto igundane lesihlahla elikhulu kakhulu, likhula lifike ku-25-50 cm futhi linesisindo esingaba ngu-2-3 kg.
Abesifazane abahlukile kwabesilisa hhayi kakhulu ekubukekeni kwabo njengasezingeni eliphansi le-anatomical, lapho kukhona izindlala ezincelisayo. Isici esivelele sawo wonke ama-squirrels amakhulu umsila oluhlaza, kaningi onemibala emibili, ocishe ulingane nobude bomzimba. I-ratufa inamadlebe acijile, aqondiswe ezinhlangothini naphezulu, anamehlo amancane acwebezelayo ne-vibrissae ende ephumayo.
Izidladla ezibanzi zigcina ngozipho ezinamandla ezisiza igundane ukuba linamathele eziqwini nasemagatsheni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amapayipi asezidladleni zangaphambili, abanzi futhi athuthukiswe kahle, avumela isikwashi saseNdiya ukuthi sigudle phakathi nokugxuma okude: indiza ngamamitha ayi-6-10 ngaphandle kobunzima obukhulu.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-Ratufa indica ichitha isikhathi sayo esiningi ezihlahleni futhi kuyaqabukela yehlele phansi. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuzala, lapho izingwejeje ziqala ukukhwelana ngothando nokubanjwa.
Ijazi lezingwejeje zaseNdiya lingaba nemibala ehlukene, imvamisa linenhlanganisela yemibala emibili noma emithathu, kodwa zonke izilwane zihlotshiswe ngendawo emhlophe etholakala phakathi kwezindlebe. Imibala ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ingumbala ophuzi omnyama, u-beige osakhilimu, onsundu, onsundu ophuzi, noma onsundu ngokujulile.
Ingemuva legundane lesihlahla livame ukumbozwa ngoboya obukhulu obukhulu bemibala emnyama ebomvu, ukhilimu-beige noma onsundu. Ikhanda elinsundu / le-beige lingahlanganiswa nezimbongolo zokhilimu nomzimba ongezansi.
Izingwejeje zaseNdiya zivuka ekuseni ngovivi kuze kube kusihlwa: zivame ukuphumula emini... Isikhathi sempilo seRatufa indica endle asikaliwe, futhi ezimweni zokufakelwa, abamele lolu hlobo baphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20.
Indawo yokuhlala, izindawo zokuhlala
Indawo okwabiwa ngayo ingwejeje enkulu yaseNdiya ayigcini nje ezwekazini laseNdiya, kepha inaba kakhulu. Le rodent emele isihlahla ayinqobanga nje kuphela izindawo eziphakeme zaseSri Lanka, amahlathi emvula aseNingizimu India kanye neziqhingi zase-Indonesia, kodwa nezingxenye zaseNepal, iBurma, iChina, iVietnam neThailand.
Kuyiqiniso, uhla lwe-Indian squirrel enkulu luyancipha ngenxa yomthamo owandayo wezihlahla ezisikiwe: izilwane ezikhetha ukuhlala emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo ziphoqeleka ukuthi zifune izindawo ezintsha zokuhlala.
Ngendlela, ukuhlukaniswa kweRatufa indica kuma-subspecies kuxhumene nokuklanywa kwendawo. Izazi zebhayoloji zithole ukuthi ngayinye ayihlali kuphela emkhakheni othile wezindawo zobubanzi, kodwa futhi inombala wayo. Kuyiqiniso, ososayensi abavumelani ngenani lama-subspecies anamuhla we-Indian squirrel enkulu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izimpikiswano zezinhlangothi eziphikisanayo zisekelwe emiphumeleni yezifundo ezimbili ezenziwa ... emakhulwini amathathu eminyaka adlule. Ngemuva kwalokho kwatholakala ukuthi iRatufa indica ihlanganisa ama-4 (ngokusho kweminye imithombo 5) ama-subspecies ahlobene kakhulu.
Ngokweminye imibiko, amaRatufa indica dealbata subspecies awasatholakali esifundazweni saseGujarat, okusho ukuthi kubalulekile ukukhuluma ngezinhlobo ezine kuphela, futhi, mhlawumbe, noma ezintathu. Izazi zezinto eziphilayo azivumelani neze nazo, zihlukanisa izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili zesimanje se-Indian squirrel, ngokuya ngemibala ethile kanye nezindawo ezihlala kuzo.
Izinhlobo eziyisithupha eziphansi eziyisishiyagalombili zichazwe ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- I-Ratufa indica dealbata yisikwele esimnyama esiphuzi / esinsundu ngokunsundu esihlala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo aseduze naseDang;
- I-Ratufa indica centralis iyisikwele esigqwalile / esimnyama esiphuzi esidabuka emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo ezomile zaseCentral India, ngaseKhoshangabad;
- I-Ratufa indica maxima iyigundane eliphuzi / elinsundu, elimpunga noma elimnyama elitholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo ezihlale ziluhlaza okotshani zaseMalabar Coast;
- I-Ratufa indica bengalensis igundane elihlala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo ezinesihlahla esihlala siluhlaza sezintaba zaseBrahmagiri ogwini lweBay of Bengal;
- Ama-Ratufa indica superans - ingwejeje elinombala onsundu onsundu, we-beige noma onsundu;
- Ratufa indica indica.
Abanye abacwaningi banesiqiniseko sokuthi izinhlobo ezithile zomdlwane omkhulu waseNdiya kufanele zihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo. Izingxoxo zesayensi mayelana nezinhlobo zeRatufa indica seziqhubeke isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka, futhi akucaci ukuthi zizophela nini.
Ukudla Kwe-Indian Giant Squirrel
Lawa magundane esihlahla awanazidingo ezikhethekile zokugaya ukudla - adla cishe noma yini angayibamba. Imenyu ye-Indian Giant Squirrel ifaka:
- izithelo zemithi yezithelo;
- amagxolo nezimbali;
- amantongomane;
- izinambuzane;
- amaqanda ezinyoni.
Ngesikhathi sokudla, ingwejeje isukuma ime ngemilenze yayo yangemuva futhi isebenzise ngobuchule imilenze yayo yangaphambili, icoshe futhi ihlube izithelo... Umsila omude usetshenziswa njenge-counterweight - usiza ingwejeje yokudlela ukugcina ibhalansi.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ukuziphatha kokuzala kweRatufa indica kusaqondakala kahle. Kuyaziwa, isibonelo, ukuthi ngaphambi kokuqala kwe-rut, izingwejeje ezinkulu zaseNdiya zihlala zodwa, kepha, zakha umbhangqwana, zihlala isikhathi eside engxenyeni yazo yesibili.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngenkathi yokukhwelana, abesilisa behla ezihlahleni bese baqala ukujaha abalingani, beqhudelana ngokuqinile. Igundane ngalinye lakha izidleke eziningana esakhiweni esincane ngokuqhathaniswa: kwezinye izingwejeje ziyalala, kwezinye ziyahlangana.
Lapho zakha izidleke, izilwane zisebenzisa amagatsha namaqabunga, zinikeze izakhiwo ukuma okufana nebhola futhi ziziqinise emagatsheni amancane ukuze izidumbu zingakwazi ukufinyelela kuzo. Izidleke ziveza kuphela ngezikhathi zesomiso, lapho izihlahla zibhinya.
Izingwejeje ezinkulu zaseNdiya zishada izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-28 kuye kwangama-35 kanti amawundlu kungenzeka azalwe ngoDisemba, Mashi / Ephreli nangoSepthemba. Kudoti owodwa (ngokwesilinganiso) kuzalwa izingwejeje ezi-1-2, kaningi - ngaphezulu kwezintathu. URatufa unesimo somama esibonakalisiwe esingamvumeli ukuthi alahle izingane kuze kube yilapho ziqala ukuzondla zodwa futhi zishiya isidleke sazo ngokwazo.
Izitha zemvelo
Ama-Ratuffs yizidalwa eziqaphe ngokweqile futhi ezesabekayo ezingazifihla ngokwazo emqheleni. I-Indian squirrel enkulu iyasola kuzo zonke izilwane ezizungezile, izama ukungabonakali ukuthi ikhona yini futhi icashe ezimileni eziluhlaza.
Uhlu lwezitha eziyinhloko zemvelo ze-ratufa lubandakanya:
- izingwe;
- ama-martens;
- amakati amakhulu asendle;
- izinyoka;
- izinyoni ezizingelayo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngobungozi obuzayo, i-squirrel cishe ayiphunyuki. Inqubo yesiginesha yayo iqandayo, lapho igundane lincika khona esiqwini, njengokungathi lizama ukuhlangana nalo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ngo-1984, esifundazweni esisentshonalanga neMaharashtra, esiseNdiya, kwaqhamuka isiqiwi esikhulu saseBhimashnakar... Lapho idala, iziphathimandla zibeka umgomo oyinhloko - ukulondoloza izindawo ezivamile zezingwejeje ezinkulu zaseNdiya. Lesi siqiwi, esisendaweni eyi-130 km², saba yingxenye yeWestern Ghats futhi siseduze nedolobha lase-Ambegaon (isifunda sasePune).
Ukwakhiwa kwendawo ekhethekile evikelekile ye-Ratufa indica kubangelwe ukukhathazeka ngesimo samanje sezinhlobo zezilwane, okuthi (ngokwe-International Union for Conservation of Nature) icishe ibe sengozini.
