Ohlala ezilwandle ezibandayo loon - lokhu akuyona nje inyoni efanelwe ngokuphelele nezimo zezulu ezinzima ngokwedlulele, kodwa futhi nesidalwa esihle ngokungajwayelekile esigqama ngokuqinile ngokumelene nesihlobo sezihlobo zaso. Ngeshwa, akakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nesikhathi sethu esinzima kakhulu futhi udinga isimo esikhethekile, esibucayi.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Gagara
I-loon iyinyoni yasenyakatho yezinyoni zamanzi kusukela ku-oda lwama-loon. Ingelinye lamaqembu ezinyoni zasendulo futhi ahlangene kakhulu phakathi kwezinyoni zanamuhla. Izinsalela ezindala kunazo zonke ezase-Upper Oligocene yaseNyakatho Melika; sezizonke, izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye zamathambo ezimbiwa phansi ziyaziwa.
Namuhla kunabahlanu kuphela:
- i-blackbeak;
- omnyama noma omnyama-umphimbo - izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu;
- umphimbo obomvu;
- ukukhokhiswa okumhlophe;
- onezintambo ezimhlophe.
Zonke ziyehluka ngokubukeka, indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha kufana ngokuphelele. Esikhathini esedlule, izazi zezilwane zazikhomba izinhlobo ezine kuphela, kepha ucwaningo lwakamuva lwesayensi luveze ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo ezinentambo emhlophe akuyona i-subspecies yabantu abamnyama, kodwa uhlobo oluzimele.
Ividiyo: Gagara
Isikhathi eside, ama-loon abhekwa njengezihlobo eziseduze zezinyosi ngenxa yokufana kokubukeka kwazo nendlela yokuphila, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi izazi zezilwane zavuma ukuthi izinyoni zinezici ezifanayo ngenxa yokuziphendukela kwemvelo okuguqukayo.
Ku-morphology kanye ne-ecology, lawa ma-oda amabili awafani ngokufana. Ohlelweni oluhambisanayo nangokokuziphatha, ama-loon asondelene ne-tube-nosed, efana nepenguin.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Amathambo amathambo e-loon aqinile futhi asindayo, hhayi awomgodi njengezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni. Ngenxa yalokhu, zivumelaniswe ngokuphelele nempilo endaweni yasemanzini, engaphumi ngisho nokulala emhlabathini.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-loon
I-loon iyafana ngokuma komzimba nosayizi kudada noma ihansi elikhulu, abanye abantu bafinyelela osayizi abakhulu futhi bathwale isisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayisithupha. Ama-Loon anomlomo oqondile, ahlukile ezinyoni eziningi zasemanzini ebuhleni bemibala yazo yezimpaphe.
Ngokubukeka, abesilisa abahlukile kwabesifazane:
- isisu simhlophe, kanti ingxenye engenhla yomzimba imnyama noma nsundu ngokumpunga namabala amaningi amhlophe;
- ikhanda nentamo kuhlotshiswe ngesimo sephethini yohlobo ngalunye.
Izinyoni ezindala nezindala azinaphethini phakathi nesikhathi sasebusika kanti izimpaphe ziyadina. Amadada amancane anomphimbo obomvu abhekwa njengamahle kunawo wonke phakathi kwama-loon. Umugqa oshisayo obomvana entanyeni yakhe ufana kakhulu nothayi futhi uyisici esivelele kakhulu.
Ama-Loon anezimpiko ezincane ezihlobene nomzimba. Ngesikhathi sendiza, "bayalala" kancane, bagobe ngokuqinile izintamo zabo, baphinde babuyele imilenze yabo emuva, okwenza ibukeke njengomsila. Ngokubonakala kwabo "kukhotheme", bangahlukaniswa namadada noma amahansi ajwayelekile ngisho nasezindizeni.
Izinzwani ezintathu zangaphandle emilenzeni yezinyoni zixhunywe ulwelwesi, ngakho zizizwa zizinhle kakhulu emanzini futhi zingalondekile phansi. Futhi uphaphe lwezinyoni luthambile kakhulu futhi lumnandi ekuthintweni. Izimpaphe ezifudumele, ezijiyile zivikela i-loon ku-hypothermia.
Uhlala kuphi loon?
Isithombe: Inyoni yeLoon
Ama-Loon akhetha amanzi abandayo olwandle namachibi asenyakatho. Izindawo abahlala kuzo kakhulu yiYurophu, i-Asia kanye nayo yonke iNyakatho Melika. Ama-Loon atholakala kutundra, ezintabeni, emahlathini, inqobo nje uma kukhona ichibi eliseduze, ngoba bachitha impilo yabo yonke eduze kwamanzi kanye nasemanzini. Abanye abantu baya emhlabathini kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana bese bebeka amaqanda.
Lapho imizimba yamanzi iqina, izinyoni zindiza ngamaqembu ziye emizimbeni yamanzi engabandi. Zifihla ikakhulukazi oLwandle Olumnyama, iBaltic noma i-White Seas, ogwini lwePacific, i-Atlantic Ocean. Ama-Loon anokuziphatha okungajwayelekile ngesikhathi sokufuduka, lapho indlela eya ebusika ihlukile kunendlela yokufuduka ebusika, ejwayelekile ezinhlotsheni ezimbalwa zezinyoni.
Ama-loon amancane ahlala emanzini afudumele lonke ihlobo lawo lokuqala, kwesinye isikhathi aze afike ebusheni. Entwasahlobo, ama-loon afika njalo sekwephuzile, lapho sekuvele kunamanzi amaningi ahlanzekile.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Abantu bomdabu baseNyakatho Ekude, ngamanani alinganiselwe, babamba ama-loon kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni ezithengiswayo ukuze basebenzise inyama yabo ukudla. Futhi, phambilini bekukhona indawo yokudoba ekhethekile yama-loon "yoboya bezinyoni", noma "ama-loon", kepha ngenxa yezinguquko zemfashini nokwehla kwesidingo, namuhla akwenziwa.
Idlani i-loon?
Isithombe: Black loon
Izinhlanzi ezincane ezihlala ekujuleni kolwandle nasemachibini zakha ukudla okuvamile kwama-loon. Lapho idoba, le nyoni iqala ifake ikhanda layo emanzini, ihlole isikhala ngaphansi, bese itshona buthule. Ngokufuna inyamazane, ama-loon ayakwazi ukudonsela emashumini ambalwa wamamitha futhi abambe umoya imizuzwana engu-90.
Ngesikhathi sokunyakaza okusheshayo kukholamu lamanzi, izinyawo ezine-webbed zisetshenziswa kakhulu, ezihlala zibuyiselwa emuva. Kuyaqabukela kakhulu, lapho kudilika, izimpiko ziyabandakanyeka, imvamisa zihlala zibekwe ziqine emhlane futhi zivikelekile ekumanzi yizimpaphe ezimbozayo zangemuva, izimpiko nezimpaphe zohlangothi ezinde, zakha uhlobo lwephakethe. Ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe ekumanzeni ngamanoni endlala yomsila we-supra, lapho ama-loon ethambisa ngayo izimpaphe zawo.
Uma zingenele izinhlanzi, ama-loon angadla cishe yonke into amanzi olwandle namachibi acebile kuyo: ama-mollusks, ama-crustaceans, izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene. Izinyoni azideleli ngisho nolwelwe. Kwesinye isikhathi, zitshuza ziye ekujuleni kwezinhlanzi, zibanjwa ngamanetha okudoba.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ama-loon ehlangene namaphengwini angabanikazi bamarekhodi aphelele wokujula kokuntywila. Kunezimo lapho lezi zinyoni zabanjwa khona ngabadobi ekujuleni okungaba ngamamitha angama-70.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Ama-Loon ikakhulukazi ayizinyoni zasolwandle, futhi athuthela emachibini anamanzi angenasawoti kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzalela noma ekuphumuleni ngesikhathi sokufuduka. Izinyoni zihlukaniswa ngokungaguquguquki kwazo ekukhetheni indawo yokuhlala nobusika. Bachitha cishe impilo yabo yonke emanzini, bephumela emhlabathini ngokufuna izidleke kuphela.
Abantu abadala molt ekwindla ngaphambi kokushiya - khona-ke izimpaphe ezingavamile zokuzalela zishintsha zibe umbala ofanayo. Ebusika, izimpaphe ngazinye ziyawa ngasikhathi sinye, futhi ama-loon awakwazi ukukhuphukela emoyeni izinyanga eziyi-1-1.5. Kuphela ngo-Ephreli lapho izinyoni zithola izimpaphe zasehlobo.
Zindiza ngokushesha, zivame ukushaya amaphiko azo, zihambe kancane. Zithatha kuphela ebusweni bamanzi, ngenkathi zisakazeka emoyeni isikhathi eside. Zihlala njalo phansi emanzini ngesisu, ngenkathi ziphakamisa amaphiko phezulu, bese zibuyisela imilenze yazo emuva. Ngenxa yesakhiwo esithile nokuma kwemilenze, izinyoni ziyaxakaniseka emhlabeni. I-loon ihlala phansi emanzini; uma kwenzeka ingozi ayivamisile ukusuka, kodwa iyacwila.
Akekho umuntu oyinhloko emhlambini wezinyoni ezindizayo, ngakho-ke ukusuka ohlangothini indiza ingabonakala inesiphithiphithi. Umhlambi uqukethe amaqembu amancane ezinyoni ahlakazekile, phakathi kwawo ibanga elingafinyelela amashumi ambalwa wamamitha.
Lezi yizinyoni eziqaphe kakhulu ezizama ukuhlala kude nabantu, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuzenza izilwane ezifuywayo, futhi futhi, izwi lama-loon lihluke kakhulu, bayakwazi ukulingisa izingcingo zezinye izinyoni nezilwane.
Eminye yemisindo abayenzayo ifana kakhulu nezwi lomuntu, isibonelo:
- lapho kumakwa indawo yabo nangenkathi yokwakha isidleke, ukukhala kwabo kufana nokukhala okukhulu kakhulu kwesilwane;
- uma kwenzeka ingozi, zikhipha imisindo yokuxwayisa ebukhali ehlekisa ngokuhleka komuntu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Abantu basenyakatho banenganekwane yokuthi amaqembu ama-loon, enanela ngenkathi ebaleka, ahambisana nemiphefumulo yamatilosi afile.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-Loon chick
Ama-Loon ayedwa futhi angamabili impilo yonke. Bayakwazi ukuzala kuphela lapho beneminyaka emithathu, isilinganiso sobude bempilo yabo yiminyaka eyi-15-20. Isidleke seLonons eduze kwemizimba yamanzi emile, emile. Izidleke zakhiwa ngotshani, izitshalo ezibolile zisondele kakhulu ogwini. Izimbobo ezi-2-3 zihola zisuka ngakunye ziye emanzini, ngosizo lwazo ama-loon azithola esesakhiweni sendabuko yawo ngemizuzwana nje. Izidleke cishe zihlala zimanzi njalo, ngoba izinyoni azivamile ukwandlala phansi kwazo.
Ukukhwelana imidlalo yama-loon kungumbono othakazelisayo. Abantu abanezikhalo zokuvala izindlebe bayalandelana, ngokushesha bathulule amanzi bese belula izintamo zabo. Ukukhwelana kwenzeka emanzini. Ngokuhlaba ikhefu elifinyelela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, insikazi izalela iqanda elilodwa kuya kwamathathu ansundu ansundu. Amaqanda afukamela izinsuku ezingama-25-30 ngabantu bobabili, kepha kaningi ngabesifazane.
Ama-Loon ayakwazi ukuvikela i-clutch yawo ezinyonini nakubabhubhisi abancane. Uma umhlaseli omkhulu noma indoda isondela endaweni yokwakha isidleke, inyoni iba yiqhwa esidlekeni bese, igobisa intamo yayo, ishelele ngokushesha emanzini.
Iqhamuka buqamama, i-loon ibhukuda ngokubukeka okungenandaba ogwini, ngaphandle kokwenza imisindo. Uma i-clutch isivele ichanyuselwe, khona-ke izinyoni ziphazamisa umhlaseli esidlekeni ngenzalo ngazo zonke izindlela: ziyacwila, zikhala kakhulu futhi zihleke, zishaye amaphiko azo. Intsha izalwa ngezimpaphe ezimnyama ezimpunga. Amachwane cishe akulungele ngokushesha ukubhukuda nokuntywila, kepha ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala acasha otshanini. Bazokwazi ukuzimela ngokuphelele kuphela ngemuva kwamasonto ayisithupha kuya kwayisithupha, futhi ngaphambi kwalesi sikhathi bondliwa ngabazali babo ngezinhlanzi ezincane nezingenamgogodla.
Izitha zemvelo zama-loon
Isithombe: Ukubhukuda
Emvelweni wemvelo, abantu abadala banezitha ezimbalwa, njengoba beqikelela kakhulu futhi engcupheni encane bangena ngaphansi kwamanzi noma bakhiphe ukukhala okwethusayo, bese beqala ukushaya amaphiko abo ngokuzwakalayo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ezinye izinhlobo zama-loon zivamisile ukungagxili emanzini, kodwa ukusuka.
Uma izinyoni ezivuthiwe ngokobulili zikwazi ukuzivikela noma, okungenani, zibaleke ngesikhathi, izinduku zazo kwesinye isikhathi zonakaliswa amagwababa, izimpungushe ezibandayo, ama-skuas. Izilwane ezisencane nazo zingaba yizisulu zazo, yize zigadwe ngabazali bazo.
Umuntu akasona isitha sama-loon. Inyama yalezi zinyoni zasemanzini ayihlukile ngokunambitheka okukhethekile futhi idliwa ngokungavamile futhi kuphela ngabantu baseNyakatho Ekude.
Usongo olukhulu kuma-loon ludalwa yimisebenzi yabantu. Ukungcola kwezilwandle zomhlaba ngemfucumfucu kawoyela kubulala ama-loon amaningi kunezitha zemvelo.
Lezi zinyoni, ezijwayele izimo zemvelo ezingathandeki neze, zingaphila emanzini ahlanzekile kuphela, futhi zizwela kakhulu kumakhemikhali ahlukahlukene. Uma ama-loon angatholi idamu elinamanzi ahlanzekile okubekela amaqanda, engxenyeni yamacala ngeke abeke amaqanda. Lapho izinyoni zifukamela amaqanda, amaphesenti amancane kakhulu amancane ayafa.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-loon
Amandla okuzala ama-loon aphansi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bafa ngenxa yezimo ezingezinhle zezemvelo, bavame ukuwela emanetheni abadobi, kwesinye isikhathi baba yisisulu sengozi sabazingeli, abavame ukubadida nezinye izinyoni eziwumdlalo.
Okukhathaza kakhulu inani le-Black-throated Loon ne-White-billed Diver. Isibonelo, eYurophu kunamabhangqa angama-400 kuphela amadada amnyama ngomphimbo, oLwandle Olumnyama - abantu abangaphansi kwamakhulu amahlanu.
Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili ziseRed Book yaseRussia futhi zinesimo sezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Ibhungane elinamabele abomvu lifakiwe encwadini yokuvikela izifunda eziningana zezwe. Isimo sezinye izinhlobo ze-loon sizinzile.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Sekuyiminyaka eminingi kwelinye lamadolobha esifundazwe saseNevada e-United States ogwini lolwandle olusentabeni ngamanzi anosawoti, bekubanjwa umkhosi ojwayelekile wama-loon minyaka yonke. Abantu bahlangana nemihlambi yezinyoni ezazima echibini ukuze zondle futhi zithole amandla lapho zifuduka. Ngemuva kokuthi ichibi liqale ukukhula kancane futhi okuqukethwe kukasawoti nezinto eziyingozi emanzini alo kwanda, umkhosi awusekho. Ama-loon avele ame ukuma lapho, endiza ezungeza wona.
Ama-Loon awazwani nabantu. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuzikhulisa ngaphansi kwezimo zokufakelwa, ikakhulukazi ukuthola inzalo, ngakho-ke alikho ipulazi elilodwa lapho lezi zinyoni eziqaphile zingagcinwa khona.
Unogada we-Loon
Isithombe: Gagara ovela eRed Book
Ukuze kulondolozwe inani lazo zonke izigaxa, akunakwenzeka ukuphazamisa indawo yazo yokuhlala. Izinsongo ezinkulu kubantu bomhlaba jikelele ukungcoliswa kwamanzi olwandle nolwandle, ikakhulukazi ngodoti kawoyela ngenkathi kuthuthukiswa uwoyela. Ukuncipha kwenani le-pelagic fish nakho kuholela ekwehleni kwenani lama-loon.
Ama-Loon avikelwe ezindaweni ezigcinwayo nasezindaweni ezingcwele emazweni amaningi aseYurophu nasezifundeni eziningana zaseRussia. Umsebenzi uyaqhubeka wokwakha ama-zakaznik ezindaweni zamaqembu amakhulu ama-loon, ngokuvinjelwa okuphoqelekile kokumbiwa kwe-peat eduze kwalezi zindawo. Ukudoba ngamanethi ezindaweni zokondla nokwakha izidleke kufanele kungavunyelwe ngokuphelele.
Isici sokukhathazeka sinomthelela ekukhiqizweni kwabantu. Lapho izivakashi nabadobi bevakashela osebeni lwamanzi ngokujulile, ama-loon akha izidleke lapho aphoqeleka ukuba ashiye izidleke zawo, ngaleyo ndlela abulale inzalo yawo. Lezi yizinyoni eziqaphe kakhulu, ngakho-ke kuyaqabukela zibuyele ekubekeni. Ama-Loon ayama ukufika emachibini avakashelwe kakhulu.
Endaweni yaseRussia, ama-loon asongelwa kakhulu ukuguqulwa kwamachibi emigodini ephezulu ngenxa yokukhishwa kwepeat lapho kanye nokufa kwezinsizwa ezindala, ezindala emanetheni abadobi.
I-Loon, ekubeni inyoni yasendulo yasendulo, uye wasinda ezikhathini zethu, futhi kuyamangalisa! Kungabizwa ngokuphepha ngokuthi ifosili yangempela yokuphila. Ukuvimbela lezi zinhlobo ekubeni yinto yesikhathi esedlule, abantu kudingeka banake kakhulu ama-loon kanye nezidingo zabo zokuzala.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/09/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/29/2019 ngo-12: 31
