Izicabucabu ze-tarantula (Thеrаrhosidae) zingezesicabucabu se-infraorder migalomorphic (Мygаlоmоrphae). Abamele abanjalo bohlobo lwe-arthropod kanye nesigaba se-arachnid sebethandwa kakhulu ezweni lethu futhi bavame ukuthengwa njengesilwane esingajwayelekile.
Izici ezimfushane zesicabucabu se-tarantula
Izicabucabu zeTarantula zethulwa ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi... I-Thеrаrhosidae ifaka cishe izinhlobo ezingamakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye ezihlala e-Australia nase-Asia, e-Afrika naseMelika, kuze kufike emingceleni yeCanada. Izinhlobo eziningi zihlala ePortugal, eSpain nase-Italy, kanye nasendaweni yaseCyprus. Indawo yemvelo nayo ingamelwa ama-savanna, amadlelo, ama-pampas, amahlathi ashisayo kanye nezindawo ezinezintaba. Isici senani elikhulu kakhulu lezinto eziphilayo indlela yokuphila yasemhlabeni.
Kuyathakazelisa! Indawo yokuhlala izicabucabu ze-tarantula yehluke kakhulu, ngakho-ke la ma-arachnids ajwayelekile kakhulu atholakala ngisho nasemiqhele yezihlahla zikagamthilini noma ezindaweni ezomile ezomile.
Usayizi womzimba we-tarantula ungahluka ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-25-100 mm, kepha isisekelo saleli pharamitha izingalo ze-arthropod. Ubukhulu bezitho zomzimba ze-tarantula bulinganiswa ukusuka ekugcineni kwemilenze yangaphambili kuya ekugcineni kwesitho sangasese sangemuva, esisogwini olungaphesheya komzimba wesicabucabu.
Njengomthetho, lesi sayizi singama-8-30 cm.Njengoba ukubonwa kwesikhathi eside kubonisa, isisindo sezinhlobo ezinkulu singadlula u-80-85 g, kanti izicabucabu ezihlala eVenezuela naseBrazil zingafinyelela isisindo esingu-140-150 g.
Ngokuvamile, zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezihlala ensimini yaseNyakatho Melika zinombala obomvu kakhulu. Ama-arthropod ahlala kwezinye izindawo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma amnyama anemivimbo emhlophe.
Imilenze ye-tarantula imvamisa iphuzi noma iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala ngesisu esiwolintshi. Sekukonke, i-arthropod inamabhangqa amane noma imilenze eyisishiyagalombili, ngayinye enamaphini amabili noma amathathu ahoxiswayo. Izitho zomzimba ezinjalo zenza kube lula kakhulu ukuthi isicabucabu sikhuphuke ezindaweni eziqondile.
Ngenqubo yokuhamba, owokuqala nowesithathu, otholakala ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba wesicabucabu, uya ohlangothini olulodwa, futhi ngasikhathi sinye, imilenze yesibili neyesine, engakolunye uhlangothi, iya kolunye uhlangothi.
Ukugcina isicabucabu se-tarantula ekhaya
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-arthropods iye yanda ngokufunwa futhi ithandwa ngendlela emangalisayo, ngenxa yokungathobeki okuhlobene nayo. Ngakho-ke, ama-tarantula avame ukugcinwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo ezingavamile ezimweni zokuhlala.
Ungasigcina kuphi isicabucabu se-tarantula
Isicabucabu se-tarantula, indawo yokuhlala ayisiyona eyisisekelo, kepha isimo esiyinhloko sokunakekelwa kwekhaya ukuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho yokuhlela izindlu. Ngale njongo, iziqukathi zokudla ezenziwe ngepulasitiki engeyona enobuthi zisetshenziswa kakhulu, umthamo wazo ofana nosayizi waleso silwane esingajwayelekile. Kubalulekile ukwenza izimbobo zokungenisa umoya esitsheni, ngemuva kwalokho inhlabathi igcwaliswe.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ezinhlotsheni ezinkulu ze-tarantula spider, uzodinga ukuthenga i-terrarium elula futhi ethembekile.
Ukukhethwa kwe-terrarium kuxhomeke ngqo ezinhlotsheni zezinhlobo zesicabucabu se-tarantula:
- umbono wasemhlabeni;
- izinhlobo zokugqekeza;
- izinhlobo zezinkuni;
- umbono ophakathi.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izici ezijwayelekile zetarula elincane nelomuntu omdala lingahluka kakhulu. Isicabucabu somhlaba, uhlobo oluvundlile noma ama-cubic terrariums alungile. Izakhiwo ezinjalo azikhathazi ukuhamba kwamahhala kwesilwane.
Kungcono futhi ukuthi izicabucabu ezigqobayo nezingagwinyiwe zikhethe i-terrarium enezingqimba noma ye-cubic lapho kuzothelwa khona inani elikhulu lomhlabathi, elizovumela isicabucabu esibhobozayo ukuthi size ebusweni kuphela lapho kuhlwa, kanye nezicabucabu ezigqekeza isigamu - ukucasha lapho kuvela ingozi.
Ukuze isilwane ezifuywayo exotic izinhlobo arboreal, udinga ukulungiselela uhlobo mpo terrarium. Kulokhu, izicabucabu ze-tarantula zinganelisa izidingo zazo zemvelo ekwakheni imigudu yezindiza evela kuwebhu. Inani elincane lomhlabathi ohlanzekile lingathululelwa phansi.
Akufanele uthenge i-terrarium enkulu kakhulu yokugcina ama-arthropods, njengoba kulokhu isilwane sizohlangabezana nokucindezeleka, okuthinta isikhathi sokuphila nempilo.
Lapho uhlela ngokuzimela sonke isikhala se-terrarium, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ngesicabucabu sasekhaya ngezindawo zokukhosela, ezimelwe yizo zonke izinhlobo ze-snags nemihlobiso. Le ndlela yokuhlela indawo yokuhlala izicabucabu ibaluleke kakhulu lapho kugcinwa izinhlobo zezinkuni ekhaya. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlobisa kwemvelo ngesimo sezitshalo eziphilayo kuvame ukubola futhi kubangele ukuthuthukiswa kwamagciwane e-pathogenic.
Ukuhlanza nokuhlanza, inhlanzeko
Inhlabathi efanele nekhwalithi, egcwaliswe ku-terrarium, ibaluleke kakhulu.... Umhlabathi omuhle usiza ukugcina amazinga omswakama alungile. Ungazikhethela kalula inhlabathi ngokwakho. I-substrate enjalo kufanele ibe nokungena komoya okuhle. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, inhlabathi kufanele ihlanzeke ngangokunokwenzeka ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-putrefactive microflora nesikhunta. I-optimum iyi-substrate enomswakama owanele, kepha ayijulile kakhulu.
Ukwenza i-substrate ibe manzi ngokwanele, kuyadingeka ukuthi umanzise njalo inhlabathi ngamanzi ahlanzekile ekamelweni lokushisa. Ukugcwala kwamanzi ngokweqile kanye nokuswakama kwenhlabathi okwanele ngaphakathi kwetheriyamu akwamukelekile, futhi kaningi kuba yimbangela enkulu yokufa noma isilwane. Ukuhlanzeka kwezindonga nangaphansi kwendawo ebiyelwe kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha lapho kungcola. Kuvunyelwe futhi nokwenza okunye esikhundleni se-substrate.
Kuyathakazelisa! Abanikazi abanolwazi besicabucabu se-tarantula batusa ukubeka ngaphansi kwe-terrarium, okunezinhlobo zonke ezidingekayo zokugcina i-arthropods ekhaya.
Yini futhi kangaki ukondla isicabucabu
Ukondla isicabucabu se-tarantula, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ukudla okubukhoma, kufaka phakathi ama-zoophobes, amakhilikithi namaphela. Iyunithi yokuphakelayo kufanele ibe cishe uhhafu wobukhulu bomzimba wesilwane esifuywayo. Akunconywa ngokuqinile ukusebenzisa ama-vertebrate ekudleni kwezicabucabu. Okuwukuphela kokuhlukile kulo mthetho yizinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu, kufaka phakathi i-Thеrаrоsа blоndi. Futhi, kuyinto engathandeki kakhulu ukondla izicabucabu ngezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene ezibanjwe emvelweni.
Ukudla okunjalo kungenzeka kungagcini ngokutheleleka ngama-parasites kuphela, kepha futhi kuqukethe zonke izinhlobo zemithi yokubulala izinambuzane enobuthi kuma-arthropods. Izinhlobo zokudla ezithandwa kakhulu ngama-tarantula amaphela emabula, amaphela aseTurkmen, amaphela aseMadagascar, amakhilikithi, izimpethu, izikelemu zegazi, izikelemu zokudla, izibungu ze-zophobas namabhu asebusuku.
Izicabucabu ezincane zidinga ukondliwa kaningi, kuze kube umzuzu we-molting osebenzayo, nabantu abadala - kancane kancane. Ayikho ifomula ekahle yokondla isicabucabu se-tarantula, kepha kuyalulekwa ukubala inani lezinsuku ngemuva kwalokho ukudla okunikezwa isilwane, ngokuya ngenombolo yama-molts + 1.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngokusho kokubona okuningi komsebenzi obalulekile wezicabucabu, ama-tarantula, abulawa yindlala ngokuzithandela, aphila isikhathi eside kakhulu kunabalingani bawo abondliwa njalo.
Njengomkhuba wokugcina izicabucabu ku-terrarium shows, izilwane ezifuywayo lezi zivame ukuba ngokwazo futhi zikwazi ngokuphelele ukwenqaba ukudla isikhathi eside. Uhlobo olunjalo lwesiteleka sendlala, njengomthetho, alunamthelela omubi empilweni yama-arachnids.
Izifo, ukwelashwa nokuvimbela
Izifo ezithinta izicabucabu ze-tarantula njengamanje zingaphansi kwesigaba esingafundwanga ngokwanele, ngakho-ke, akukho mkhuba osetshenzisiwe wokwelashwa kwazo. Isizathu esivame kakhulu sokufa kwesicabucabu esithunjiwe ukomiswa okukhulu komzimba, ngakho-ke i-substrate kufanele ihlale inamanzi anele futhi anele.
I-tarantula nayo ingafa ngokulimala noma ukulimala kanzima.... Ukuvikela okungajwayelekile kwangaphakathi ekuweni kusuka ekuphakameni okukhulu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa ikhava enezimbobo ezincane kodwa eziningi zokungenisa umoya ukumboza i-terrarium. Ukwelapha isilonda esitholwe yi-arthropod, i-petroleum jelly ejwayelekile iyasetshenziswa.
Izinhlobo eziningi zemikhaza zingakhubaza izicabucabu, kepha ingozi enkulu kuma-exotic ibangelwa ama-ectoparasites adla izifo ezithinta amaphaphu e-arthropod futhi abangele ukufa okusheshayo kwalesi silwane. Ngezinhloso zokuvimbela, ukwenziwa okuphelele kwe-substrate ku-terrarium kufanele kwenziwe njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Ama-parasites angaphakathi, amelwe ama-nematode, abangela ukulimala okungaphansi kwesicabucabu, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina indawo yokuhlala ye-tarantula ihlanzekile.
Izinyathelo zokuzivikela
Isicabucabu se-tarantula esinobuthi kakhulu emhlabeni wethu iyi-tarantula yensimbi enhle kakhulu futhi ekhanyayo (Poesilotheria metallisa). Lokhu kuyi-arthropod enamandla kakhulu futhi esheshayo, enobudlova futhi engalindelekile ngokuphelele, isici esivelele amandla ayo okugxumela phezulu.
Ubuthi balolu hlobo bunobuthi obukhulu, futhi ukulunywa kungadala ubuhlungu obukhulu kumuntu, kukhuphuke ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukujuluka okwandayo, imigraines, amajaqamba emisipha noma ubuthakathaka obukhulu. Kodwa-ke, njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, ukufa akunakwenzeka. Yize iqiniso lokuthi isicabucabu sensimbi i-tarantula spider siyivelakancane kakhulu futhi sibhalwe ku-International Red Book, kwesinye isikhathi sitholakala emaqoqweni abaxhumanisi bezinhlobo ze-arthropod exotic.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwama-tarantula
Ngesikhathi esemncane, zonke izicabucabu ze-tarantula zifana nabesifazane ngokubukeka, kepha lapho sebekhulile, umehluko wobulili uyabonakala... Abesilisa abadala banesisu esincane ngokuqhathaniswa nabesifazane kanye nezingwegwe ze-tibial emilenzeni yangaphambili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesilisa bahlukaniswa yizigaba zokugcina ezigcwele umoya, ezenza umsebenzi wezitho zangasese.
Kuyathakazelisa! Njengomthetho, kuqinisekisiwe ukuhlukanisa owesilisa nowesifazane ngemuva kwama-molts ayisikhombisa.
Abantu abavuthiwe ngokobulili bakulungele ukushada. Ukukhulelwa kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwesibeletho, okuxhumana nezinsimbi zesisu. Izinhlobo ezehlukene zokubeka amaqanda zenzeka ngezikhathi ezingafani. Amaqanda abekiwe alukiwe ngowesifazane abe yikhokho. Le nqubo yenziwa egumbini eliphilayo lomgodi, lapho insikazi iphenduka isidleke esithokomele. Imfece, imvamisa, imelwe izingxenye ezimbili ezinemiphetho ehlangene. I-clutch ivikelwe yi-tarantula yesifazane futhi i-cocoon iyanakekelwa. Kuye ngethempelesha kanye nomswakama, umfece uyajika noma unyakaze.
Umjikelezo wokukhula okugcwele kwesicabucabu kusuka eqandeni kuya emago awudluli, njengomthetho, amasonto amathathu. Ubukhulu bezicabucabu ezizalwayo buyahlukahluka ngobubanzi, okuya ngezici zezinhlobo. Njengomthetho, ngemuva kokuvela kwezinsizwa emgodini, owesifazane akasakhombisi ukukhathazeka ngenzalo.
Izici zebhayoloji nendlela yokuphila yezicabucabu ezisencane ezizalwe zivame ukucishe zifane kakhulu nezicabucabu zabantu abadala ngokugcwele. Amaphuphu amancane azihlomela ngendawo yokukhosela, kunalokho azingela ngenkuthalo izinto zokudla ezifanele kakhulu.
Mangaki ama-tarantula ahlala ekuthunjweni
Isikhathi sokuphila sezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-tarantula lapho zigcinwa ekuthunjweni sihluke kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo:
- Izinhlobo ezinamahlumela kanye nama-tarantula e-genus Рterinochilus - engekho ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-7-14;
- zonke izinhlobo ezinkulu zasemhlabeni cishe zineminyaka engama-20 ubudala.
Abesilisa bavuthwa ngaphambi kwabesifazane, cishe unyaka owodwa nohhafu, ngakho-ke imvamisa isilinganiso sesikhathi sokuphila se-tarantula yesilisa ngemuva kwe-molt yokugcina ingeqi ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Kodwa-ke, labo okuthiwa abesilisa abaphila isikhathi eside bayaziwa futhi abaphila isikhathi eside:
- abesilisa baseGrammostolа rosea - unyaka owodwa nohhafu;
- abesilisa bakaMegarhobema velvetosoma - izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye;
- Roesilotheria formosa abesilisa - cishe izinyanga eziyi-11;
- owesilisa uRoesilotheria ornata - isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka;
- Abesilisa beRoesilotheria rufilata bacishe babe unyaka nohhafu.
Icala elingajwayelekile labhaliswa lapho i-arboreal tarantula Roesilotheria regalis egcinwe ekuthunjweni yakwazi ngempumelelo ukucubungula izikhathi ezimbalwa ngenyanga nengxenye phakathi kwe-molts.
Ukuthenga isicabucabu se-tarantula, intengo
Izindleko ezijwayelekile zanoma iyiphi i-arthropod, kufaka phakathi isicabucabu se-tarantula, zixhomeke ngqo kubudala, ubulili kanye nokutholakala kwezinhlobo. Lapho kungekho lwazi ekulondolozeni lokho okungajwayelekile, kuyalulekwa ukuthola umuntu osekhulile. Izicabucabu ezincane zizodinga ukunakekelwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu okuvela kumnikazi kunezicabucabu ezikhule ngokugcwele.
Kumele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi isikhathi sokuphila se-tarantula yesilisa sifushane kakhulu kunabesifazane.... Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesilisa bancane kakhulu kunabesifazane ngosayizi futhi akuvamile ukuthi bamele noma yiliphi inani leqoqo. Izinhlobo ezikhona, lapho kungabesilisa abanokubukeka okuhle nokukhanyayo, akuvamile, ngakho-ke ochwepheshe abaningi be-arthropods exotic bazala i-tarantula yesifazane njengesilwane sasekhaya.
Izindleko ezijwayelekile ezitolo zezilwane zasemadolobheni amakhulu kanye nakubalimi abazimele be-arthropod exotic:
- tarantula Brachyrelma alborilosum - kusuka ruble 300;
- tarantula Сerаtogyrus mаrshalli - ama-ruble angu-300-350;
- tarantula Lasiodora parahybana - kusuka ruble 200;
- i-tarantula Chilobrashys dyscolus "eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka" - ama-ruble angu-500-550;
- tarantula Nootele incei - ruble 450-500;
- ama-tarantula Brachyrelma vagans - ama-ruble angama-300-350;
- i-tarantula Pterinochilus murinus ne-Nhandu chromatus - ama-ruble angama-500;
- I-tarantula Heterоthеle villоsella ne-Cyriosоsmus perеzmilеsi - ama-ruble angu-400.
Ukuthengwa kwe-tarantula Psalmoroeus sambridgei neChromatorelma cyanneorubescens, okubiza okungu-1500 no-1000 ruble, ngokulandelana, kuzoba kubiza kakhulu.
Ukubuyekezwa komnikazi weTarantula
Akunakwenzeka ukufundisa, ukuqeqesha noma ukuthambisa isicabucabu se-tarantula ngomqondo ojwayelekile wamagama anjalo kubanikazi bamazwe angaphandle.... Ngisho ne-tarantula ezolile ingamluma umnikazi wayo uma izwa ingozi ngokungazelelwe.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izeluleko zesicabucabu ezinokuhlangenwe nakho zincoma ukwenza konke ukuphathwa okuhlobene nokugcina i-terrarium kusetshenziswa udlawana olukhethekile olwanele.
Njengoba abanikazi bephawula, ama-tarantula, ebuntwaneni ayekakwe ukunakwa futhi ayevame ukuphathwa ngesandla, akhululekile kakhulu ngemvelo nomnikazi wawo.
